1.2.1.44: cinnamoyl-CoA reductase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.2.1.44
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1.2.1.44
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lignin
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cinnamyl
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monolignols
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phenylpropanoids
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lignification
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xylem
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caffeoyl-coa
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p-coumaroyl-coa
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leucocephala
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ccoaomt
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leucaena
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4-coumarate:coa
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gunnii
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sinapoyl
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guaiacyl
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syringyl
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cinnamyl-alcohol
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coniferaldehyde
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sinapoyl-coa
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lignin-specific
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sinapaldehyde
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non-condensed
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thioacidolysis
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biotechnology
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synthesis
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industry
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agriculture
- 1.2.1.44
- lignin
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cinnamyl
- monolignols
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phenylpropanoids
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lignification
- xylem
- caffeoyl-coa
- p-coumaroyl-coa
- leucocephala
- ccoaomt
- leucaena
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4-coumarate:coa
- gunnii
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sinapoyl
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guaiacyl
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syringyl
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cinnamyl-alcohol
- coniferaldehyde
- sinapoyl-coa
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lignin-specific
- sinapaldehyde
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non-condensed
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thioacidolysis
- biotechnology
- synthesis
- industry
- agriculture
Reaction
Synonyms
AtCCR1, BpCCR1, CCR, CCR1, CCR12, CCR14 isoform, CCR17, CCR19, CCR2, CCR2-1, CCR20, CCR21, CCR3, CCR7, CCRH1, cinnamoyl CoA reductase, cinnamoyl CoA reductase 1, cinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase, cinnamoyl-Co-enzyme A reductase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase 1, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase1, cinnamoyl-CoA reductase2, cinnamoyl-CoA:NADPH reductase, cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase, cinnamoyl-coenzyme A reductase 1, FaCCR, feruloyl coenzyme A reductase, feruloyl-CoA reductase, ferulyl-CoA reductase, HcCCR1, HcCCR2, Ll-CCRH1, OsCCR1, p-hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase, Ph-CCR1, PtCCR, PtoCCR1, PtoCCR7, PvCCR1, PvCCR2, reductase, cinnamoyl coenzyme A, SbCCR1, SbCCR2-1, SbCCR2-2, Ta-CCR2, VcCCR
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Application on EC 1.2.1.44 - cinnamoyl-CoA reductase
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APPLICATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
agriculture
rain shelter treatment may affect phenylalanine lignin monomer synthesis and subsequent cork accumulation by altering the expression or enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), peroxidase (POD), and omega-hydroxypalmitate O-feruloyl transferase (HHT1), thus decreasing exocarp russet accumulation in semi-russet pear
biotechnology
industry
synthesis
additional information
biotechnology
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CCR downregulation may become a successful strategy to improve biomass processing if the variability in down-regulation and the yield penalty can be overcome
biotechnology
potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants
biotechnology
potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants
industry
down-regulated CCR lines with a reduced kappa number of small-scale Kraft pulps may be a starting point for constructing double mutants with enhanced properties of significance for practical forestry
industry
downregulation of CCR in transgenic poplar (Populus tremula x Populus alba) is associated with up to 50% reduced lignin content and an orange-brown, often patchy, coloration of the outer xylem. Lignin is relatively more reduced in syringyl than in guaiacyl units. Elevated ferulic acid levels, ferulic acid is incorporated into the lignin via ether bonds. Reduced levels of lignin and hemicellulose are associated with an increased proportion of cellulose. Stress response induced by altered cell wall structure. Chemical pulping of wood derived from 5-year-old, field-grown transgenic lines reveal improved pulping characteristics, but growth is affected in all transgenic lines tested. Trees harboring CCR alleles that result in reduced CCR activity are interesting progenitors for breeding programs. The lower lignin and hemicellulose levels and associated relative increase in cellulose suggest that CCR downregulation may be a good strategy to improve plant biomass for bioethanol production
synthesis
potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants
synthesis
potential exploitation of rationally engineered forms of CCR and CAD2 for the targeted modification of monolignol composition in transgenic plants
additional information
CCR1 is present as a single-copy gene in the wheat genome. It groups together with other monocot CCR sequences while it diverges from CCR2. It may be involved in the regulation of lignin biosynthesis during stem maturity and may contribute to stem strength support in wheat
additional information
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CCR1 is present as a single-copy gene in the wheat genome. It groups together with other monocot CCR sequences while it diverges from CCR2. It may be involved in the regulation of lignin biosynthesis during stem maturity and may contribute to stem strength support in wheat
additional information
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the thioacidolysis monomer 1,2,2-trithioethyl ethylguaiacol is a general marker for incorporation of ferulic acid into the lignification process, and is an indicator that can be used judiciously for CCR downregulation in a variety of plants as long as the background levels in control materials are measured
additional information
the thioacidolysis monomer 1,2,2-trithioethyl ethylguaiacol is a general marker for incorporation of ferulic acid into the lignification process, and is an indicator that can be used judiciously for CCR downregulation in a variety of plants as long as the background levels in control materials are measured
additional information
the thioacidolysis monomer 1,2,2-trithioethyl ethylguaiacol is a general marker for incorporation of ferulic acid into the lignification process, and is an indicator that can be used judiciously for CCR downregulation in a variety of plants as long as the background levels in control materials are measured
