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1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine + H2O + O2
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2 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine + 2 H2O + 3 O2
1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium + 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium + 4 H2O2
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activation of the neurotoxin to neurotoxic pyridinium cations. MPTP easily crosses the blood-brain barrier and is preferentially metabolized by MAO-B present in glial cells to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium. This enzymatic metabolite is subsequently oxidized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, which is selectively uptaken by dopaminergic cells, producing inhibition of complex I of mitochondria, energy depletion, oxidative stress and cell death
1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine is metabolically oxidized by alpha-carbon oxidation by MAO enzymes to give 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium and hydrogen peroxide, which, in a further step, is readily oxidized to 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium, that is a directly-acting neurotoxic substance
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2-phenylethylamine + H2O + O2
2-phenylethanal + NH3 + H2O2
2-phenylethylamine + H2O + O2
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4-dimethylaminophenylethylamine + H2O + O2
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substrate of MAO-B
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4-tyramine + H2O + O2
4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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in vivo activity, overview
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5-hydroxytryptamine + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine + H2O + O2
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benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzylaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
dopamine + H2O + O2
(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
dopamine + H2O + O2
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epinephrine + H2O + O2
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histamine + H2O + O2
1H-imidazol-4-ylacetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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histamine + H2O + O2
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kynuramine + H2O + O2
3-(2-aminophenyl)-3-oxopropanal + NH3 + H2O2
noradrenaline + H2O + O2
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norepinephrine + H2O + O2
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phenylethylamine + H2O + O2
2-phenylethanal + NH3 + H2O2
RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2
RCHO + NH3 + H2O2
serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
tryptamine + H2O + O2
(1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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tryptamine + H2O + O2
1-H-indol-3-yl-acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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tyramine + H2O + O2
(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
additional information
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1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine + H2O + O2
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1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium is the ultimate product
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1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine + H2O + O2
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1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium is the ultimate product
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2-phenylethylamine + H2O + O2
2-phenylethanal + NH3 + H2O2
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2-phenylethylamine + H2O + O2
2-phenylethanal + NH3 + H2O2
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5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine + H2O + O2
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i.e. 5-MeO-DMT, a psychoactive indolealkylamine drug found in a variety of plant preparations, e.g. Virola snuffs and Ayahuasca, and venom of psychoactive toads, e.g. Colorado River Bufo alvarius. 5-MeO-DMT is known as a nonselective 5-HT receptor agonist. MAO-A eliminates the drug 5-MeO-DMT through oxidative deamination
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5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine + H2O + O2
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i.e. 5-MeO-DMT, a psychoactive indolealkylamine drug found in a variety of plant preparations, e.g. Virola snuffs and Ayahuasca, and venom of psychoactive toads, e.g. Colorado River Bufo alvarius. 5-MeO-DMT is known as a nonselective 5-HT receptor agonist. MAO-A eliminates the drug 5-MeO-DMT through oxidative deamination
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benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
MAO-A
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benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzylaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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benzylamine + H2O + O2
benzylaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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dopamine + H2O + O2
(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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dopamine + H2O + O2
(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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dopamine + H2O + O2
(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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kynuramine + H2O + O2
3-(2-aminophenyl)-3-oxopropanal + NH3 + H2O2
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kynuramine + H2O + O2
3-(2-aminophenyl)-3-oxopropanal + NH3 + H2O2
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kynuramine + H2O + O2
3-(2-aminophenyl)-3-oxopropanal + NH3 + H2O2
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kynuramine + H2O + O2
3-(2-aminophenyl)-3-oxopropanal + NH3 + H2O2
MAO-A
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phenylethylamine + H2O + O2
2-phenylethanal + NH3 + H2O2
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phenylethylamine + H2O + O2
2-phenylethanal + NH3 + H2O2
MAO-A
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RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2
RCHO + NH3 + H2O2
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responsible for the catabolism of various biogenic amine neurotransmitters as well as for the metabolism of certain exogenous amines
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RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2
RCHO + NH3 + H2O2
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important functions in the metabolism of biogenic amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues
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RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2
RCHO + NH3 + H2O2
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RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2
RCHO + NH3 + H2O2
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important functions in the metabolism of biogenic amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues
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RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2
RCHO + NH3 + H2O2
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important functions in the metabolism of biogenic amines in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues
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RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2
RCHO + NH3 + H2O2
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RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2
RCHO + NH3 + H2O2
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responsible for the catabolism of various biogenic amine neurotransmitters as well as for the metabolism of certain exogenous amines
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RCH2NH2 + H2O + O2
RCHO + NH3 + H2O2
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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MAO-A
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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MAO-A
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
MAO A catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin. MAO A is a putative target gene directly regulated by a transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region Y, SRY, gene located on the Y chromosome, via the functional SRY-binding site in the MAO A core promoter
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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substrate of MAO-A
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
MAO-A
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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substrate of MAO-A
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serotonin + H2O + O2
(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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tyramine + H2O + O2
(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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tyramine + H2O + O2
(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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tyramine + H2O + O2
(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetaldehyde + NH3 + H2O2
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H2O2-generated during tyramine oxidation by MAO-A triggers a stress-induced mitogenic signaling via the MMP2/sphingolipid pathway, which could participate in excessive remodeling and alteration of the vascular wall
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tyramine + H2O + O2
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tyramine + H2O + O2
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additional information
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enzyme is involved in the degradation of many biological amines in the nervous system and in peripheral organs
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additional information
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the enzyme is involved in brain and peripheral oxidative catabolism of neurotransmitters and xenobiotic amines, including neurotoxic amines. Smokers have a 30% lower activity of peripheral and brain MAO-A compared to smokers
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additional information
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the enzyme is involved in brain and peripheral oxidative catabolism of neurotransmitters and xenobiotic amines, including neurotoxic amines. Smokers have a 40% lower activity of peripheral and brain MAO-B compared to smokers
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additional information
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key enzyme for the degradation of neurotransmitters serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Differential regulation of MAO A by glucocorticoid and androgen
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additional information
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the enzyme is involved in brain and peripheral oxidative catabolism of neurotransmitters and xenobiotic amines
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additional information
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the enzyme is involved in brain and peripheral oxidative catabolism of neurotransmitters and xenobiotic amines
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additional information
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the enzyme is involved in brain and peripheral oxidative catabolism of neurotransmitters and xenobiotic amines
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additional information
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MAO B is a stable trait marker for alcoholism. The associations obtained between platelet MAO B activity with executive neurocognitive task and hostility component may support the involvement of plateletMAOB activity in the further development of an impulsive cognitive style
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additional information
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MAO B is a stable trait marker for alcoholism. The associations obtained between platelet MAO B activity with executive neurocognitive task and hostility component may support the involvement of plateletMAOB activity in the further development of an impulsive cognitive style
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additional information
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in the catalytic cycle of MAO-B, one mol each of an iminiumyl intermediate that is hydrolyzed to the aldehyde product and H2O2 are produced for each mol of monoamine substrate oxidized. These catabolic products may be neurotoxic if not rapidly inactivated by centrally located aldehyde dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase, respectively
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additional information
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MAO-A degrades monoamines including neurotransmitters
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additional information
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substrate activation of MAO can interact with adipocyte metabolism by mimicking diverse effects of insulin in addition to preventing tumor necrosis factor alpha-dependent responses
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additional information
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MAO A KO mice display attenuated endocrine responses to major stressors, such as restraint, cold temperature, prolonged water deprivation and chronic variable stress
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additional information
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in the catalytic cycle of MAO-B, one mol each of an iminiumyl intermediate that is hydrolyzed to the aldehyde product and H2O2 are produced for each mol of monoamine substrate oxidized. These catabolic products may be neurotoxic if not rapidly inactivated by centrally located aldehyde dehydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase, respectively
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additional information
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the enzyme catalyzes the degradation of neurotransmitters in the central nervous system and is the target for anti-depression drug design
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