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1.8.1.7: glutathione-disulfide reductase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glutathione-disulfide reductase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 1.8.1.7

Reaction

2 glutathione +

NADP+
=
glutathione disulfide
 +
NADPH
 +
H+

Synonyms

At3g54660, EC 1.6.4.2, GLR, glutahione reductase, glutathione disulfide reductase, glutathione reductase, glutathione reductase (NADPH), glutathione reductase 3, glutathione reductase Glr1, glutathione S-reductase, glutathione: NADP(+) oxidoreductase, glutathione: NADP+ oxidoreductase, glutathione:NADP+ oxidoreductase, Gor, GOR1, GOR2, GR, GR1, GR2, Gr3, GRase, GRase-1, GRd, GSH reductase, GSHR, Gsr, GSR-1, GSSG reductase, HCOI_01258400, hGR, HvGR1, HvGR2, multifunctional thioredoxin-glutathione reductase, NADPH-glutathione reductase, NADPH-GSSG reductase, NADPH-reduced GR, NADPH: oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, NADPH:oxidized glutathione oxidoreductase, NADPH:oxidized-glutathione oxidoreductase, OBP29, PfGR, psgr, PtGR1.1, PtGR1.2, PtGR2, reductase, glutathione, SpGR, TaGR1, TaGR2, TGR, thioredoxin glutathione reductase, thioredoxin/glutathione reductase, TrxR3

ECTree

     1 Oxidoreductases
         1.8 Acting on a sulfur group of donors
             1.8.1 With NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor
                1.8.1.7 glutathione-disulfide reductase

Expression

Expression on EC 1.8.1.7 - glutathione-disulfide reductase

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
after treatment with methyl viologen for two weeks, there is a significant increase in the glutathione reductase activity in both wild type and transgenic plants and such an increase is greater in transgenic plants than in wild type plants
dimethyl fumarate increases glutathione recycling through induction of glutathione reductase
expression at the transcriptional level is induced by multiple abiotic stresses including NaCl, Cd2+, heat, cold, PEG 6000, and abscisic acid
-
expression of both the cytosolic isoform Gr1 and mitochondrial isoform Gr2 genes is induced by reactive oxygen species
expression of isoform GR3 is induced by salt stress (35fold in shoots at 200 mM NaCl, 6fold in roots by 100 mM NaCl). In addition, the transcript level of isoform GR3 is greatly increased with salicylic acid treatment (0.1-0.2 mM)
expression of PtGR genes is general upregulated under salicylic acid and alamethicin treatment
gene expressions is significantly repressed in the presence of nontoxic (0.87 and 3 ppm) and toxic iron concentrations (30 and 300 ppm)
gene GLR1 uses alternative start codons to generate two forms of enzyme. Translation from the first AUG codon generates the mitochondrial form incorporating a presequence necessary for import, while translation from the second AUG codon yields the cytosolic counterpart. The N-terminus of cytosolic GLR1 normally is N-acetylserine. In a GLR1-overproducing strain, unprocessed mitochondrial GLR1 with N-terminal acetylmethionine also accumulates in the cytosol. The processed mitochondrial GLR1 has three alternative N-termini, none of them acetylated. Mitochondrial GLR1 is turned over faster than the cytosolic form by a factor of about 2. The second AUG appears to be responsible for most of the cellular GLR1
glutathione reductase activity is generally higher in the rag2 mutant than in the wild type strain, either under hypoxic or aerobic conditions
hepatic glutathione reductase activity is significantly increased on days 4 and 10 after injection of DL-ethionine (12.5 mg/kg)
-
highest mRNA expression of mitochondrial isoform of Liza haematocheila glutathione reductase is observed in the gill tissue under normal physiological conditions. Following pathogenic challenges, the transcription level is upregulated in a time-dependent manner in the gill and liver tissues, which may modulate the immune reaction against pathogens
-
isoform Gr2 gene expression in leaves changes depending on changes in redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In heterotrophic suspension cell culture, expression of isoform Gr1 and Gr2 genes does not depend on H2O2 level or on changes in the redox state of the mitochondrial electron transport chain
the expression of isoforms GR2 and GR3 but not GR1 is increased in rice roots treated with NaCl, Na+ but not Cl- or osmotic stress is involved in NaCl-induced expression of glutathione reductase in roots of rice seedlings, after 8 h treatment with NaCl (150, 200, and 300 mM), isoform GR3 expression is specifically increased, the expression of isofomr GR2 is also increased by 150 and 200 mM NaCl but not 300 mM NaCl, no significant increase due to NaCl (150, 200, and 300 mM) can be detected in the expression of isoform GR1
-
the transcript level of isoform GR3 is not significantly affected by methyl jasmonate, dehydration or heat shock stress
the treatment with menadione, H2O2, or tert-butyl hydroperoxide does not increase significantly glutathione reductase activity in the wild type strain
transcript is significantly upregulated in response to salt and methyl viologen
transcript level is downregulated by 0.5fold following 1 h of salt stress
under drought and H2O2 treatments, transcripts ae constantly upregulated
with high salt treatment, transcripts are gradually downregulated
zinc exposure (0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 mM Zn2+ for a period of 48 h) causes a concentration-dependent reduction in glutathione reductase activity in gills, liver and brain
-