2.1.1.165: methyl halide transferase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about methyl halide transferase, go to the full flat file.
Reaction
Synonyms
AtHOL1, AtHOL2, AtHOL3, halide/bisulfide methyltransferase, HMT, HMT/HTMT, HOL, HTMT, MCT, methyl chloride transferase, methyl halide transferase, MHT, S-adenosyl-L-methionine: halide ion methyltransferase, S-adenosyl-L-methionine:halide/bisulfide methyltransferase, S-adenosylmethionine-dependent halide/thiol methyltransferase, SAM:halide ion methyltransferase
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Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 2.1.1.165 - methyl halide transferase
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REACTION DIAGRAM
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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kcat/KM for bromide is 12529fold lower than kcat/Km for iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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very low activity
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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very low activity
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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very low activity
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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the rate of production of methyl bromide is 135fold lower than production of methyl iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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Vmax/Km for bromide is 17fold lower than Vmax/Km for iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
production rate of bromomethane is 24fold lower than production rate of iodomethane
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + bromide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl bromide
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S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
an obvious function for a halophytic methylase would be the maintenance of homeostatic levels of cytoplasmic chloride ion. The secretion of excess chloride into the soil could not greatly benefit a halophytic plant. On the other hand, the synthesis and distillation of a volatile gas, methyl chloride, into the atmosphere could be a useful mechanism for disposing of excess chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
this enzyme possibly functions in the control and regulation of the internal concentration of chloride ions in halophytic plant cells
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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kcat/KM for chloride is 19065fold lower than kcat/Km for iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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the rate of production of methyl chloride is 270fold lower than production of methyl iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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very low activity
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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the enzyme is responsible for the massive amounts of CH3Cl produced by this fungus
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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Vmax/Km for chloride is 709fold lower than Vmax/Km for iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
production rate of chloromethane is 925fold lower than production rate of iodomethane
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + chloride
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl chloride
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very low activity
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S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
recombinant protein methylates iodide with greater efficiency than chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
recombinant proteins methylate iodide with greater efficiency than chloride
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
iodide is the preferred substrate
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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the enzyme is strictly dependent on S-adenosyl-L-methionine as a methyl donor
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
iodide is the preferred substrate
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?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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S-adenosyl-L-methionine + iodide
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + methyl iodide
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iodide is the preferred substrate
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a phylogenetic analysis with the HOL gene suggests that the ability to produce methyl halides is widespread among vascular plants. All wild-type plants strongly favor the methylation of I- to Br- to Cl-. Adult plants show a relative methylation preference ratio for I:Br:Cl of roughly 10000:50:1. Juvenile plants showed a ratio of roughly 40000:9:1
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additional information
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AtHOL1 is involved in glucosinolate metabolism and defense against phytopathogens. CH3Cl synthesized by AtHOL1 could be considered a byproduct of NCS- metabolism
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additional information
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the activation of AtHOL1, AtHOL2 and AtHOL3 genes contributes to the methyl halide emissions from Arabidopsis
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additional information
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the activation of AtHOL1, AtHOL2 and AtHOL3 genes contributes to the methyl halide emissions from Arabidopsis
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additional information
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the activation of AtHOL1, AtHOL2 and AtHOL3 genes contributes to the methyl halide emissions from Arabidopsis
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additional information
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purified enzyme is unable to use bisulfide (HS-) as an acceptor
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additional information
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purified enzyme is unable to use bisulfide (HS-) as an acceptor
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additional information
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also methylates HS to CH3SH (EC 2.1.1.9) at a rate comparable to that for iodide
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additional information
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the bifunctional enzyme also shows activity of EC 2.1.1.9
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additional information
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marine microalgae are the main oceanic source of methyl bromide. The monohalomethanes produced by marine microalgae are probably important in the global cycling of gaseous organohalogen species, especially bromine and iodine
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additional information
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marine microalgae are the main oceanic source of methyl bromide. The monohalomethanes produced by marine microalgae are probably important in the global cycling of gaseous organohalogen species, especially bromine and iodine. From the viewpoint of stratospheric ozone depletion, methyl bromide is the most destructive compound because it has a high ozone depletion potential
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additional information
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no activity with chloride, no activity with L-methionine, S-methyl methionine or dimethylsulfoniopropionate
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additional information
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the enzyme also catalyzes the methylation of HS- to methyl mercaptan (EC 2.1.1.9)
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additional information
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the enzyme may be involved in the detoxification of sulfur compounds produced by the degradation of glucosinolates to release them as volatile compounds. The volatile sulfur compounds, including CH3SH and CH3SCN and methyl halides, are believed to act as insecticidal or anti-pathogenic agents. Therefore, it is speculated that the enzyme plays a role in controlling the levels of anions that can inhibit metabolic enzymes in the leaves and also to protect them from damage caused by insects or pathogens
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additional information
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the enzyme also shows thiol methyltransferase activity (EC 2.1.1.9), high activity towards SCN-
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additional information
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bacteria contribute to iodine transfer from the terrestrial and marine ecosystems into the atmosphere
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additional information
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bacteria contribute to iodine transfer from the terrestrial and marine ecosystems into the atmosphere
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additional information
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marine microalgae are the main oceanic source of methyl bromide. The monohalomethanes produced by marine microalgae are probably important in the global cycling of gaseous organohalogen species, especially bromine and iodine
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?