2.1.1.220: tRNA (adenine58-N1)-methyltransferase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about tRNA (adenine58-N1)-methyltransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.1.1.220
-
2.1.1.220
-
trnaimet
-
1-methyladenosine
-
nucleoside
-
mtases
-
two-subunit
-
thermus
-
exosome
-
polyadenylation
-
adomet
-
t-loop
-
polya
-
s-adenosylmethionine
-
n1-methylation
-
heterotetramer
-
homotetrameric
-
methionyl-trna
-
high-copy-number
-
eubacteria
-
methyltransferases
-
s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine
-
two-component
-
s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent
-
l-shaped
-
tpsic
-
trna-binding
-
hypomodified
-
drug development
- 2.1.1.220
- trnaimet
- 1-methyladenosine
- nucleoside
- mtases
-
two-subunit
-
thermus
-
exosome
-
polyadenylation
- adomet
-
t-loop
- polya
- s-adenosylmethionine
-
n1-methylation
- heterotetramer
-
homotetrameric
- methionyl-trna
-
high-copy-number
- eubacteria
- methyltransferases
- s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine
-
two-component
-
s-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent
-
l-shaped
-
tpsic
-
trna-binding
-
hypomodified
- drug development
Reaction
Synonyms
EC 2.1.1.36, Gcd10p, Gcd10p-Gcd14p, Gcd10pyGcd14p complex, Gcd14p, m1A58 MTase, m1A58 tRNA methyl-transferase, m1A58 tRNA methyltransferase, m1A58-methyltransferase, m1A58MTase, Rv2118c, Rv2118p, Trm6, TRM6-TRM61 holoenzyme, Trm61A, Trm61B, TRm61p, TRm6p, TrmI, tRNA (m1A58) methyltransferase, tRNA (m1A58) MTase, tRNA m(1)A58 methyltransferase, tRNA m1A58 methyltransferase, two component m1A58 tRNA methyl-transferase
ECTree
Advanced search results
General Information
General Information on EC 2.1.1.220 - tRNA (adenine58-N1)-methyltransferase
Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
evolution
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
additional information
-
comparative structural analysis of TrmIs from archea, prokaryota, and eukaryota, overview
evolution
-
comparative structural analysis of TrmIs from archea, prokaryota, and eukaryota, overview
evolution
-
comparative structural analysis of TrmIs from archea, prokaryota, and eukaryota, overview
evolution
-
comparative structural analysis of TrmIs from archea, prokaryota, and eukaryota, overview
evolution
-
comparative structural analysis of TrmIs from archea, prokaryota, and eukaryota, overview
evolution
-
comparative structural analysis of TrmIs from archea, prokaryota, and eukaryota, overview
evolution
-
comparative structural analysis of TrmIs from archea, prokaryota, and eukaryota, overview
evolution
the N1-methyladenosine residue at position 58 of tRNA is found in the three domains of life
evolution
P41814; P46959
the m1A58 modification occurs on (cyt)tRNAs from all three domains of life and further in (mt)tRNAs. The enzyme belongs to the RFM class I methyltransferases. In eukaryotes, the m1A58 MTase located in the cytosol is composed of a catalytic protein unit from the Trm61 subfamily (Trm61A) and an RNA-binding protein unit from the Trm6 subfamily (Trm6). Trm6 and Trm61 share a common ancestor and arose via gene duplication and divergent evolution. The mitochondrial m1A58 MTase consists of a single protein from the Trm61 family (Trmt61B), which is a paralogue to Trm61A from the cytosolic complex
evolution
the m1A58 modification occurs on (cyt)tRNAs from all three domains of life and further in (mt)tRNAs. The enzyme belongs to the RFM class I methyltransferases. In eukaryotes, the m1A58 MTase located in the cytosol is composed of a catalytic protein unit from the Trm61 subfamily (Trm61A) and an RNA-binding protein unit from the Trm6 subfamily (Trm6). Trm6 and Trm61 share a common ancestor and arose via gene duplication and divergent evolution. The mitochondrial m1A58 MTase consists of a single protein from the Trm61 family (Trmt61B), which is a paralogue to Trm61A from the cytosolic complex. In mitochondria, MTase Trmt61B forms a tetramer, presumed to resemble the homotetramers of TrmI proteins. In support of a similar structural arrangement between Trmt61B and TrmI, a phylogenetic analysis confirmed a bacterial origin of the human protein
evolution
the m1A58 modification occurs on (cyt)tRNAs from all three domains of life and further in (mt)tRNAs. The m1A58 MTases belong to the RFM methyltransferase superfamily, class I. In archaea and bacteria, the m1A58 MTases belong to the TrmI subfamily and function without complex partners
evolution
P41814; P46959
TRM61 is the eukaryotic homologue of the bacterial and archaeal m1A58 tRNA methyl-transferase TrmI. Evolutionary relationship between TRM6 and TRM61, overview
evolution
-
TRM61 is the eukaryotic homologue of the bacterial and archaeal m1A58 tRNA methyl-transferase TrmI. Evolutionary relationship between TRM6 and TRM61, overview
-
inactivation of the Thermus thermophilus trmI gene results in a thermosensitive phenotype (growth defect at 80°C)
malfunction
P46959; P41814
the absence of m1A from all tRNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants lacking Gcd10p elicits severe defects in processing and stability of initiator methionine tRNA
malfunction
-
siRNA knockdown of either subunit of the m1A58-methyltransferase results in a slow-growth phenotype, and a marked increase in the amount of m1A58 hypomodified tRNAs. Most m1A58 hypomodified tRNAs can associate with polysomes in varying extents
malfunction
P41814; P46959
deletion of the MTase N1-methylation A58 in yeast produces non-viable cells
malfunction
the lack of m1A58 in human tRNALys3 has been shown to be crucial for reverse transcription fidelity and efficiency of retroviruses like HIV-1. The lack of m1A58 results in an abnormal tRNAi structure, guiding it for degradation. This might explain why exclusion of this MTase by siRNA-mediated knockdown gives rise to a slow-growth phenotype in human cells
malfunction
the lack of the enzyme forming m1A58 leads to thermosensitivity in bacterial tRNAs
malfunction
Thermus thermophilus HB27 / ATCC BAA-163 / DSM 7039
-
inactivation of the Thermus thermophilus trmI gene results in a thermosensitive phenotype (growth defect at 80°C)
-
in cytosolic (cyt) tRNA, the m1A modification occurs at five different positions (9, 14, 22, 57, and 58), two of which (9 and 58) are also found in mitochondrial (mt) tRNAs. In some cases, these modifications have been shown to increase tRNA structural stability and induce correct tRNA folding. Two enzyme families are responsible for formation of m1A at nucleotide position 9 and 58 in tRNA, tRNA binding, m1A mechanism, protein domain organisation and overall structures
metabolism
P41814; P46959
in cytosolic (cyt) tRNA, the m1A modification occurs at five different positions (9, 14, 22, 57, and 58), two of which (9 and 58) are also found in mitochondrial tRNAs. In some cases, these modifications have been shown to increase tRNA structural stability and induce correct tRNA folding. Two enzyme families are responsible for formation of m1A at nucleotide position 9 and 58 in tRNA, tRNA binding, m1A mechanism, protein domain organisation and overall structures
methylation of A58 is critical for maintaining the stability of initiator tRNAMet in yeast
physiological function
role of the N1-methylation of tRNA adenosine-58 in adaptation of life to extreme temperatures
physiological function
P46959; P41814
the Gcd10pGcd14p complex is required specifically at the initiation step of translation because of a strong requirement for 1-methyladenosine at position 58 (m1A58) in the processing and accumulation of initiator tRNAMet
physiological function
-
N1-adenine58 methylation of initiator-tRNAMet is required for stabilizing this tRNA in human cells
physiological function
-
TRM6 and TRM61 compose a tRNA methyltransferase which catalyzes the methylation of the N1 of adenine at position 58 in tRNAs, especially initiator methionine tRNA. The TRM6-TRM61 complex is required specifically in the initiation step of translation because of a strong requirement for m1A58 in the processing and accumulation of tRNAiMet. It is also required for repression of translation of GCN4, a gene encoding a transcriptional activator of amino-acid biosynthetic enzymes, mRNA
physiological function
-
tRNA m1A58 methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N1 of adenine 58 in the T-loop of tRNAs
physiological function
-
tRNA m1A58 methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N1 of adenine 58 in the T-loop of tRNAs, a modification, that is essential for cell growth at high temperatures
physiological function
-
tRNA m1A58 methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N1 of adenine 58 in the T-loop of tRNAs, a modification, that is essential for cell growth at high temperatures
physiological function
-
tRNA m1A58 methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N1 of adenine 58 in the T-loop of tRNAs, a modification, that is essential for cell growth at high temperatures
physiological function
-
tRNA m1A58 methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N1 of adenine 58 in the T-loop of tRNAs, a modification, that is essential for cell growth at high temperatures
physiological function
-
tRNA m1A58 methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N1 of adenine 58 in the T-loop of tRNAs, a modification, that is essential for cell growth in yeast
physiological function
-
tRNA m1A58 methyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to N1 of adenine 58 in the T-loop of tRNAs, a modification, that is essential for cell growth in yeast
physiological function
m1A58 modification of tRNA3Lys also has a role in replication of HIV in humans, human tRNA3 Lys is the primer for reverse transcription of HIV, the 3' end is complementary to the primer-binding site on HIV RNA. The complementarity ends at the 18th base, A58, which in tRNA3 Lys is modified to remove Watson-Crick pairing. tRNA m1A58 methyltransferase methylates N1 of A58, which is buried in the TPsiC-loop of tRNA, from cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine. This conserved tRNA modification is essential for stability of initiator tRNA
physiological function
the N1-methyladenosine residue at position 58 of tRNA is found in the three domains of life, and contributes to the stability of the three-dimensional L-shaped tRNA structure. In thermophilic bacteria, this modificationis important for thermal adaptation, and is catalyzed by thetRNA m1A58 methyltransferase TrmI, using S-adenosyl-L-methionine as the methyl donor
physiological function
P41814; P46959
the m1A58 modifications have both been linked to structural stability and/or correct folding of the tRNA and is related to structural thermostability of tRNA, role of m1A58 in tRNAi structure stability. m1A58 is important for maturation of the initiator tRNAMet from yeast. The initiator tRNA from eukaryotes (tRNAi) has a conserved A-rich T-loop (A54, A58, and A69), a conserved A20 and a shorter-than-average D-loop (seven nucleobases). These features cluster in the corner of the L-shaped tRNA and the structure is maintained by a dense network of hydrogen bonds between the conserved adenines. In this network, A58 forms hydrogen bonds to A54 and A60
physiological function
the m1A58 modifications have both been linked to structural stability and/or correct folding of the tRNA and is related to structural thermostability of tRNA, role of m1A58 in tRNAi structure stability. The initiator tRNA from eukaryotes (tRNAi) has a conserved A-rich T-loop (A54, A58, and A69), a conserved A20 and a shorter-than-average D-loop (seven nucleobases). These features cluster in the corner of the L-shaped tRNA and the structure is maintained by a dense network f hydrogen bonds between the conserved adenines. In this network, A58 forms hydrogen bonds to A54 and A60
physiological function
the m1A58 modifications have both been linked to structural stability and/or correct folding of the tRNA and is related to structural thermostability of tRNA. The combination of m1A58 with two other post-transcriptional modifications (Gm18 and m5s2U54) increases the melting temperature of tRNAs from Thermus thermophilus by approximately 10°C compared to the unmodified transcript
physiological function
P41814; P46959
the N1 methylation of adenine at position 58 (m1A58) of tRNA is an important post-transcriptional modification, which is vital for maintaining the stability of the initiator methionine tRNAiMet. Adenine at position 58 (A58) located in the T-loop is one of the most conserved nucleosides in tRNA. In eukaryotes, this modification is performed by the TRM6-TRM61 holoenzyme, molecular mechanism that underlies the cooperation of TRM6 and TRM61 in the methyl transfer reaction, overview
physiological function
Thermus thermophilus HB27 / ATCC BAA-163 / DSM 7039
-
role of the N1-methylation of tRNA adenosine-58 in adaptation of life to extreme temperatures
-
physiological function
-
the N1 methylation of adenine at position 58 (m1A58) of tRNA is an important post-transcriptional modification, which is vital for maintaining the stability of the initiator methionine tRNAiMet. Adenine at position 58 (A58) located in the T-loop is one of the most conserved nucleosides in tRNA. In eukaryotes, this modification is performed by the TRM6-TRM61 holoenzyme, molecular mechanism that underlies the cooperation of TRM6 and TRM61 in the methyl transfer reaction, overview
-
-
microarray method genomic approach to determine the presence of m1A58 hypomodified tRNAs, on the basis of their permissiveness in primer extension, in human cell lines, overview. A58 hypomodification affects stability and involvement of tRNAs in translation. No hypomodification of initiator-tRNAMet. The pattern of the m1A58 hypomodified tRNAs is similar in five human cell lines
additional information
m1A58 MTase is composed of two subunits, a catalytic component, Trm61, and an RNA-binding component, Trm6. tRNAs bind across the dimer interface such that Trm6 from the opposing heterodimer brings A58 into the active site of Trm61. T-loop and D-loop are splayed apart showing how A58, normally buried in tRNA, becomes accessible for modification, mechanisms of modifying internal sites in folded tRNA, overview. 2Fold related tRNAs bind across the tetramer interface, active site structure analysis. m1A58 MTase uses induced fit to access its target base
additional information
-
m1A58 MTase is composed of two subunits, a catalytic component, Trm61, and an RNA-binding component, Trm6. tRNAs bind across the dimer interface such that Trm6 from the opposing heterodimer brings A58 into the active site of Trm61. T-loop and D-loop are splayed apart showing how A58, normally buried in tRNA, becomes accessible for modification, mechanisms of modifying internal sites in folded tRNA, overview. 2Fold related tRNAs bind across the tetramer interface, active site structure analysis. m1A58 MTase uses induced fit to access its target base
additional information
recognition of tRNA substrate and structure of the catalytic pocket, overview. The flexibility of the N-terminal domain that is probably important to bind tRNA. Role of residue Y78 in stabilizing the conformation of the A58 ribose needed to hold substrate adenosine in the active site, and central role of residue D170 in binding the amino moiety of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and the exocyclic amino group of adenine
additional information
catalytic mechanism of m1A58 specific RFM family member TrmI, overview. The conserved aspartate residue (Asp181) is essential for m1A58 MTase activity in Thermus thermophilus
additional information
crystal structure of the human m1A58 MTase in complex with tRNALys3 have not provided information on the correct mechanism, as the position of A58 in the active site resembles a methylated nucleobase in a product-complex
additional information
P41814; P46959
crystal structure of the human m1A58 MTase in complex with tRNALys3 have not provided information on the correct mechanism, as the position of A58 in the active site resembles a methylated nucleobase in a product-complex. tRNA undergoes large conformational changes during binding in which the D- and T-arm are separated. The T-loop contains the nucleobase to be modified (A58) and binds in the active site. The binding is stabilised by the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds with the C56 nucleobase and the sugar-phosphate backbone. A stabilising hydrogen bond is also formed between a phosphate O atom of C56 and a H atom of the exocyclic N6 atom of A58. No hydrogen bonds are observed between the protein complex and A58, and the orientation of this adenosine towards the bound S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) resembles a methylated nucleobase. A conserved aspartate residue (Asp181) is found in close proximity to A58 and could serve as the catalytic base. The complex makes additional contacts with the tRNA substrate with binding of the acceptor stem to the N?terminal domain of the catalytic subunit Trm61, and binding of the T?stem/loop to an insert in the N?terminal domain of Trm6, not present in Trm61. The vast number of interactions with both complex subunits explain previous findings that both Trm6 and Trm61 are required for tRNA binding. The interactions between tRNA and Trm6 help orient A58 for catalysis and may contribute to target specificity, providing a role for the non?catalytic subunit Trm6 in activity
additional information
P41814; P46959
two TRM6-TRM61 heterodimers assemble as a heterotetramer. Both TRM6 and TRM61 subunits comprise an N-terminal beta-barrel domain linked to a C-terminal Rossmann-fold domain. TRM61 functions as the catalytic subunit, containing a methyl donor (SAM) binding pocket. TRM6 diverges from TRM61, lacking the conserved motifs used for binding SAM. TRM6 cooperates with TRM61 forming an L-shaped tRNA binding regions. Target tRNA recognition and catalytic mechanism of the two component m1A58 tRNA methyl-transferase, overview
additional information
-
two TRM6-TRM61 heterodimers assemble as a heterotetramer. Both TRM6 and TRM61 subunits comprise an N-terminal beta-barrel domain linked to a C-terminal Rossmann-fold domain. TRM61 functions as the catalytic subunit, containing a methyl donor (SAM) binding pocket. TRM6 diverges from TRM61, lacking the conserved motifs used for binding SAM. TRM6 cooperates with TRM61 forming an L-shaped tRNA binding regions. Target tRNA recognition and catalytic mechanism of the two component m1A58 tRNA methyl-transferase, overview
additional information
-
recognition of tRNA substrate and structure of the catalytic pocket, overview. The flexibility of the N-terminal domain that is probably important to bind tRNA. Role of residue Y78 in stabilizing the conformation of the A58 ribose needed to hold substrate adenosine in the active site, and central role of residue D170 in binding the amino moiety of S-adenosyl-L-methionine and the exocyclic amino group of adenine
-
additional information
-
two TRM6-TRM61 heterodimers assemble as a heterotetramer. Both TRM6 and TRM61 subunits comprise an N-terminal beta-barrel domain linked to a C-terminal Rossmann-fold domain. TRM61 functions as the catalytic subunit, containing a methyl donor (SAM) binding pocket. TRM6 diverges from TRM61, lacking the conserved motifs used for binding SAM. TRM6 cooperates with TRM61 forming an L-shaped tRNA binding regions. Target tRNA recognition and catalytic mechanism of the two component m1A58 tRNA methyl-transferase, overview
-