2.1.1.5: betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
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For detailed information about betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.1.1.5
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2.1.1.5
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cystathionine
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s-adenosylmethionine
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choline
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folate
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remethylation
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hyperhomocysteinemia
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s-adenosylhomocysteine
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adenosyltransferase
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n-methyltransferase
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one-carbon
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beta-synthase
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dimethylglycine
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transsulfuration
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methylenetetrahydrofolate
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5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine
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transmethylation
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medicine
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mthfd1
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guanidinoacetate
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homocysteine-induced
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folate-dependent
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homocystinuria
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5-methyltetrahydrofolate
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transcobalamin
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b-vitamins
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slc19a1
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hypotaurine
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molecular biology
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analysis
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nutrition
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food industry
- 2.1.1.5
- cystathionine
- s-adenosylmethionine
- choline
- folate
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remethylation
- hyperhomocysteinemia
- s-adenosylhomocysteine
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adenosyltransferase
- n-methyltransferase
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one-carbon
- beta-synthase
- dimethylglycine
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transsulfuration
- methylenetetrahydrofolate
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5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine
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transmethylation
- medicine
- mthfd1
- guanidinoacetate
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homocysteine-induced
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folate-dependent
- homocystinuria
- 5-methyltetrahydrofolate
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transcobalamin
-
b-vitamins
-
slc19a1
- hypotaurine
- molecular biology
- analysis
- nutrition
- food industry
Reaction
Synonyms
betaine homocysteine methyltransferase, betaine homocysteine methyltransferase-1, betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase, betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase, betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2, betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase-2, betaine-homocysteine transmethylase, betaine:homocysteine methyltransferase, betaine:homocysteine S-methyltransferase, BHMT, BHMT-1, BHMT-2, BHMT1, BHMT2, methyltransferase, betaine-homocysteine
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Application on EC 2.1.1.5 - betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
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analysis
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synthesis of a series of S-substituted derivatives of homocysteine as potential inhibitors of human recombinant BHMT, some of these compounds are very potent inhibitors, having IC50 values in the nanomolar range
food industry
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compared with the prepartum level, overall BHMT expression and enzyme activity increases 0.7-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively, soon after parturition. There is no overall effect of methionine or choline supplementation for BHMT expression or BHMT enzyme activity
medicine
molecular biology
nutrition
additional information
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methionine-deficient diet produces large increase in enzyme activity
medicine
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decreased plasma homocysteine in various models of diabetes may be due to enhanced homocysteine removal brought about by a combination of increased transsulfuration of homocysteine to cysteine and increased remethylation of homocysteine to methionine by BHMT
medicine
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transient inhibition of BHMT in vivo causes transient hyperhomocysteinemia
medicine
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upregulation of BHMT may indicate an increased choline requirement in the diabetic rat
medicine
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Zucker diabetic fatty rats show increased BHMT activity and mRNA levels
medicine
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a polymorphisms in betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase might be linked to an increased risk for placental abruption
medicine
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effect of extrahepatic expression of homo sapiens betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase on alcohol or homocysteine-induced fatty liver is shown in transgenic mice
medicine
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BHMT1 is a auto-antigen associated with anti-Golgi immune reactivity. Antibodies to BHMT1 were found in four of 80 samples with a Golgi-pattern on indirect immunofluorescence. The antibodies are not associated with a specific clinical condition
medicine
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in serum from healthy individuals, the median value is 1.83 ng/ml. In serum from patients with acute liver injury, the median value of BHMT is 748.48 ng/ml. The detection range of the ELISA assay is from 1.56 to 100 ng/ml with good sensitivity and specificity. In five acute liver injury cases with time course samples available, BHMT and alanine transaminase both follow the rise and fall temporal pattern with the disease progression. The slopes of BHMT curves are steeper than alanine transaminase curves. In three out of the five cases, BHMT levels peak 1 day earlier than alanine transaminase levels
medicine
treatment of hepatocytes with homocysteine to follow the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia and concomittant inhibition of betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase BHMT. Inhibition and 0.1 mM homocysteine treatment induce only moderate changes in the hepatocyte proteome and secretome, while the changes induced by 2 mM homocysteine treatment are extensive: phosphatidylethanolamine carboxykinase and ornithine aminotransferase are up-regulated about twofold indicating an intervention into metabolism. Cellular proliferation is suspended, secretome composition is changed and signs of apoptosis are discernible. Fibrinogen gamma dimers can be detected and maturation of apolipoprotein A1 fails
osmotic regulation of BHMT may be part of a cell volume-regulatory response and additionally lead to metabolic alterations that depend on the availability of betaine-derived methyl groups
molecular biology
S-adenosylmethionine and 5-methylthioadenosine down-regulate BHMT expression in HepG2 cells in part by inducing NF-kappaB, which acts as a repressor for the human BHMT gene. While S-adenosylmethionines mechanism is NF-kappaB-dependent, 5-methylthioadenosine has both NF-kappaB-dependent and -independent mechanisms
molecular biology
the BHMT/betaine system directly protects hepatocytes from homocysteine-induced injury but not tunicamycin-induced injury, including an endoplasmic reticulum stress response, lipid accumulation, and cell death
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activity and mRNA abundance of hepatic BHMT are greater with restricted water intake and increase with choline supplementation. Enhanced supply of choline during negative energy balance increases hepatic activity of BHMT and MTR to regenerate methionine and phosphatidylcholine, partly to help clear triacylglycerols
nutrition
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dietary zinc might be important for the alleviation of oxidative stress and the clearance of homocysteine in high-fat-diet-pretreated mice
nutrition
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rats fed a casein-based diet lacking folate exhibit a 53% increase in circulating homocysteine concentrations compared with rats fed a casein-based diet including folate. Serum homocysteine does not differ between rats fed casein-based diet including folate and egg protein-based diet lacking folate. Hepatic BHMT activity is increased by 45% and 40% by the egg protein-based diet and whole egg-based diet compared with the casein-based diets, respectively
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Bhmt expression is strongly regulated by changes in ambient osmolarity, osmotic regulation of BHMT may be part of a cell volume-regulatory response and additionally leads to metabolic alterations that depend on the availability of betaine-derived methyl groups
additional information
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Bhmt expression is strongly regulated by changes in ambient osmolarity, osmotic regulation of BHMT may be part of a cell volume-regulatory response and additionally leads to metabolic alterations that depend on the availability of betaine-derived methyl groups
additional information
Bhmt expression is strongly regulated by changes in ambient osmolarity, osmotic regulation of BHMT may be part of a cell volume-regulatory response and additionally leads to metabolic alterations that depend on the availability of betaine-derived methyl groups
additional information
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in contrast to previous suppositions based on enzyme activity, under most dietary conditions, the quantity of homocysteine remethylated by methionine synthase appeared to exceed that remethylated by the alternate betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase pathway
additional information
lower BHMT expression can impair homocysteine metabolism, which can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress
additional information
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lower BHMT expression can impair homocysteine metabolism, which can induce endoplasmic reticulum stress
additional information
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relationship between BHMT expression and ApoB mRNA in transfected McA cells recapitulated in vivo through dietary BHMT induction, providing additional support for a physiologic linkage between 1-carbon metabolism and apob gene expression
additional information
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sequence of the pseudogene BHMT2 shows 97% homology to mouse BHMT
additional information
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sequence of the pseudogene BHMT2 shows 97% homology to mouse BHMT
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