2.3.2.2: gamma-glutamyltransferase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about gamma-glutamyltransferase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.3.2.2
-
2.3.2.2
-
aminotransferase
-
alt
-
bilirubin
-
cholesterol
-
albumin
-
triglyceride
-
bile
-
biliary
-
women
-
creatinine
-
gsh
-
transaminase
-
hepatocytes
-
cirrhosis
-
fibrosis
-
urinary
-
cholestasis
-
duct
-
uric
-
c-reactive
-
steatosis
-
aminopeptidase
-
jaundice
-
drinkers
-
hepatotoxicity
-
non-alcoholic
-
intrahepatic
-
nafld
-
nephrotoxicity
-
ursodeoxycholic
-
waist
-
ultrasonography
-
diethylnitrosamine
-
circumference
-
corpuscular
-
hepatocarcinogenesis
-
abuse
-
hepatectomy
-
hepatobiliary
-
phenobarbital
-
preneoplastic
-
alpha-fetoprotein
-
homa-ir
-
abstinence
-
pruritus
-
2-acetylaminofluorene
-
n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase
-
cholangitis
-
cholangiopancreatography
-
pharmacology
-
elastography
-
diagnostics
-
nutrition
-
food industry
-
drug development
-
analysis
-
medicine
-
synthesis
- 2.3.2.2
- aminotransferase
-
alt
- bilirubin
- cholesterol
- albumin
- triglyceride
- bile
- biliary
- women
- creatinine
- gsh
- transaminase
- hepatocytes
- cirrhosis
- fibrosis
- urinary
- cholestasis
- duct
-
uric
-
c-reactive
- steatosis
- aminopeptidase
- jaundice
-
drinkers
-
hepatotoxicity
-
non-alcoholic
-
intrahepatic
- nafld
-
nephrotoxicity
-
ursodeoxycholic
-
waist
-
ultrasonography
- diethylnitrosamine
-
circumference
-
corpuscular
-
hepatocarcinogenesis
-
abuse
-
hepatectomy
- hepatobiliary
- phenobarbital
-
preneoplastic
- alpha-fetoprotein
-
homa-ir
-
abstinence
- pruritus
- 2-acetylaminofluorene
-
n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase
- cholangitis
-
cholangiopancreatography
- pharmacology
-
elastography
- diagnostics
- nutrition
- food industry
- drug development
- analysis
- medicine
- synthesis
Reaction
Synonyms
(5-L-glutamyl) peptide: amino-acid 5-glutamyl transferase, alpha-glutamyl transpeptidase, AngammaGT, AsGGT1, At1g69820, At4g29210, At4g39640, At4g39650, BaGGT, BaGGT42, BaGGT469, BlGGT, BlGGT13, BsGGT168, Cgl0954, eqGGT, gamma glutamyl transferase, gamma-glutamyl peptidyltransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase 1, gamma-glutamyl transferase 5, gamma-glutamyl transferase/transpeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transferases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 4, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-1, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, gamma-GPT, gamma-GT, gamma-GTase, gamma-GTP, gammaGT, GGT, GGT A, GGT I, GGT-1, GGT1, GGT2, GGT3, GGT4, GGT5, ggtB, GGTII protein, GGTLA1, glutamyl transpeptidase, glutamyltransferase, gamma-, HGGT, L-gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, L-gamma-glutamyltransferase, L-glutamyltransferase, More, PnGGT, SBLGGT, VvGGT3
ECTree
2.3.2.2 gamma-glutamyltransferaseAdvanced search results
results (
results (Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 2.3.2.2 - gamma-glutamyltransferase
Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
top
SOURCE TISSUE 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
SOURCE
skin and pulp of mature berries, across whole berry development, VvGGT3 demonstrates a general pattern of increasing in transcript abundance
-
upreglation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is induced by suboptimal concentrations of the serum and modification of intracellular cAMP level by dibutyryl cAMP. Up-regulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase can contribute to adaption of astrocytic cells to metabolic and/or oxidative perturbances occuring under various pathological conditions, including radiation- and drug-induced toxicity
-
gamma-glutamyltransferase is upregulated after oxidative stress through the Ras signal transduction pathway in rat colon carcinoma cells
-
decrease in the hippocampal GGT decreases 2 h after the intravenous injection of 0.005 mg IL-1beta, increaes after 24 h and returns to control levels after 96 h. No significant changes in the hippocampal GGT activity are observed at 2 h and 24 h following the intracerebroventricular infusion of 50 ng IL-1beta
-
GGT-overexpression in melanoma cells is associated with resistance to oxidative stress produced by prooxidant agents such as hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid
GGT1 accounts for nearly 100% of the activity in rosettes
-
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase of Aphidius ervi venom induces apoptosis in the ovaries of host aphids
additional information
-
dyslipidemic patients exhibiting metabolic syndrome are characterized by elevated GGT activity which is associated with perturbed metabolism of thiol compounds
-
elevated GGT is significantly associated with increased cancer risk in men
-
from individuals with no alcohol-related problems (NARP), individuals presenting alcohol abuse (AA) or individuals with alcohol dependence (AD). The highest gamma-glutamyltransferase values are seen in the AD group
-
in a general population of children, overweight and abdominal fat distribution are associated with increased GGT. GGT activity is higher in boys than in girls as puberty starts
-
the mean values of the gamma-glutamyltransferase in chronic dialysis patients and renal transplant recipients with hepatitis C virus infection are 3 or 4times above the reference limit and a greater frequency of patients evolve with values persistently elevated
-
elevated GGT in diabetic children could be due to release from apoptotic cells
-
four GGT fractions of different molecular weight are detected in all subjects of both genders: b-GGT, m-GGT, s-GGT (likely lipoprotein-bound, molecular masses >2000, 940, and 140 kDa, respectively), and a free fraction (f-GGT, 70 kDa). Higher total GGT activity in males is related mainly to f-GGT
-
plasma layer stratification might occur in primary lithium-heparin tubes for a limited number of routine clinical chemistry tests, introducing a statistically significant bias in the measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, triglycerides and C-reactive protein in the upper vs. the bottom section. When delayed testing is necessary for these parameters, plasma should be separated after centrifugation and appropriately mixed before delayed/repeated analysis or aliquoting
-
pattern of changes in gamma-glutamyltransferase catalytic activity and total antioxidant status concentration might be indicative of a certain role of thrombocytosis during treatment in patients with community-acquired pneumonia
-
association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and type 2 diabetes
-
association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels and coronary microvascular function in hypertensive patients
-
associations of gamma-glutamyltransferase with fasting glucose and HbA1c are stronger in women with diabetes compared to women without diabetes. gamma-Gutamyltransferase is associated with fasting insulin to the same extent in all women, irrespective of diabetes status. Results excluding hyperinsulinemic women, i.e., in the highest fourth of the fasting insulin distribution, are similar to those obtained for all non-diabetic women as are results excluding women in the highest quartile of the alcohol consumption distribution and for women with alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels within the normal range
-
elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with significantly increased risk of stroke, fatal coronary heart disease events and cardiovascular disease mortality independent of established cardiovascular disease risk factors and may be a useful additional marker for long-term cardiovascular disease
-
gamma-glutamyltransferase can be used as a marker related with oxidative stress
-
gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with mortality in both men and women, especially in patients younger than 30 years. Even high-normal gamma-glutamyltransferase is a risk factor for all-cause mortality
-
gamma-glutamyltransferase is independently associated with an increased level of C-reactive protein in both males and females. In addition, in males, gamma-glutamyltransferase is related to an increased level of arterial stiffness
-
gamma-glutamyltransferase level is related to adiponectin level in nonalcoholic women without liver disease
-
GGT activities from 1147 moderate drinkers and 449 abstainers are classified according to body mass index are compared with those of 208 heavy drinkers admitted for detoxification. GGT upper normal limits, defined based on normal weight abstainers are lower than those based on moderate drinkers. The relative increases in GGT activities in male moderate drinkers with overweight (54%) or obesity (125%) exceedes the corresponding changes found in women (25% and 75%, respectively). The BMI-dependent variation on the sensitivity of GGT for correctly classifying heavy drinkers ranges from 29% to 67%. The rates of false-positive values in the subgroups from low to high BMI varies from 0% to 27%, respectively
-
GGT is closely related with insulin resistance and the increased number of components of metabolic syndrome. Among components of metabolic syndrome, serum GGT may be more associated with dyslipidemia and abnormal glucose tolerance, suggesting that serum GGT has more relationship with hepatic insulin resistance regardless of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
-
GGT level has positive correlation with family history of liver disease
-
GGT levels are increased significantly in Alzheimers disease patients
-
GSTM1- and GSTM1-/GSTT1- genotypes may be a genetic risk factor for the increase of GGT in Japanese epileptic patients treated with valproic acid patients. It is not possible to clarify whether the GGT increase is caused by valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity or not
-
habitual coffee consumption is associated with lower incidence of type II diabetes particularly in those with higher baseline serum GGT levels
-
high serum gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer
-
higher serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are associated with prehypertension in a nationally representative sample of US adults, free of cardiovascular disease and hypertension
-
higher serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are independently associated with impaired coronary microvascular function in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy
-
increased GGT activities are independently associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile in general population
-
presence in plaques of a serum-like gamma-glutamyltransferase protein, indicating that a direct contribution of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase to enzyme activity found within atherosclerotic lesions is possible. Occurrence of gamma-glutamyltransferase-mediated redox reactions within plaque environment might influence plaque progression
-
serum gamma-glutamyltransferase levels are positively associated with peripheral arterial disease among men (peripheral arterial disease) but not women
-
serum GGT activity is increased in patients with calcific aortic stenosis. These increases seem to occur in advanced rather than milder forms of calcific aortic valve disease
-
serum GGT is specifically associated with the visceral fat area, but not with the subcutaneous fat area, suggests that the serum GGT may be useful as a convenient indicator of visceral fat area in the clinical treatment of obesity
-
serum GGT within its normal range can predict cardiovascular diseases mortality in those aged less than 70 years, but may have limited usefulness for risk assessment in older adults
-
strong interaction between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and obesity on the risk of prevalent type 2 diabetes
-
subjects are divided into four groups according to their level of alcohol consumption: nondrinkers, light drinkers (1-188 ml/week), intermediate drinkers (189-377 ml/week), and heavy drinkers (more than 378 ml/week). The frequency of subjects with an fasting plasma glucose of 110 mg/dl or more rises significantly as alcohol consumption increases, from 6.7% in non-drinkers to 10.1% in intermediate drinkers and 12.1% in heavy drinkers. When only the subjects with a gamma-glutamyltransferase level of less than 40 IU/l are analyzed, no difference is observed in the frequency of subjects with an FPG level of 110 mg/dl or more among the four groups
-
treatment with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolone affects the enzymatic activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in the dopaminergic structures of brain
-
the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase increases during cold storage whereas it declines during warm storage. gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidase is involved in garlic greening
-
in wild-type the enzyme is synthesized only during the mid-stationary phase
-
in wild-type the enzyme is synthesized only during the mid-stationary phase
-
GGT3 is a major contributor to total GGT activity in roots, but a relatively minor contributor in other tissues
-
the role of high gamma-glutamyltransferase activity in Hep-G2 cells can be connected with production of reactive oxygen species and with S-thiolation with Cys and Cys-Gly that can influence activity of caspase 3
-
-
487899, 487905, 487912, 487916, 487918, 487929, 487930, 487931, 487936, 487938, 487964, 487971, 657955, 658282, 659787, 660051, 755785
GGT3 is a major contributor to total GGT activity in roots, but a relatively minor contributor in other tissues
-
tissue, serum and bile contain multiple enzyme forms of different molecular weights
-
icreased levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase during hepato-biliary dysfunction
-
normal and induced enzyme activity, not expression level, by streptozotocin diabetes induced in rats
-
hyperplastic hepatic nodules, primary and Yoshida ascites (AH 13) hepatomas
-
mammary cell products formed by exocytosis: mammary tumour virus
Oncornavirus
-
mammary cell products formed by exocytosis: mammary tumour virus
GGT1 accounts for greater than 80% of the activity in stems and roots
GGT3 is a major contributor to total GGT activity in roots, but a relatively minor contributor in other tissues
-
high activity in root apical region. Protein is anchored to root cell wall components
GGT3 is a major contributor to total GGT activity in roots, but a relatively minor contributor in other tissues
GGT1 accounts for greater than 80% of the activity in stems and roots
GGT3 is a major contributor to total GGT activity in roots, but a relatively minor contributor in other tissues
-
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase are significantly higher in daytime samples than in overnight samples
additional information
O65652
GGT2 activity is below the detection limit of the assay in leaves and most other tissues of Arabidopsis
additional information
GGT2 activity is below the detection limit of the assay in leaves and most other tissues of Arabidopsis
additional information
GGT2 activity is below the detection limit of the assay in leaves and most other tissues of Arabidopsis
additional information
GGT2 activity is below the detection limit of the assay in leaves and most other tissues of Arabidopsis
additional information
-
GGT2 activity is below the detection limit of the assay in leaves and most other tissues of Arabidopsis
additional information
O65652
GGT4 activity, if present in the roots and stems, is near the limit of detection
additional information
GGT4 activity, if present in the roots and stems, is near the limit of detection
additional information
GGT4 activity, if present in the roots and stems, is near the limit of detection
additional information
GGT4 activity, if present in the roots and stems, is near the limit of detection
additional information
-
GGT4 activity, if present in the roots and stems, is near the limit of detection
additional information
-
accumulation of catalytically active enzyme in atherosclerotic lesion
additional information
activity of GGT1 is increased in liver disease, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome
additional information
activity of GGT1 is increased in liver disease, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome
additional information
-
activity of GGT1 is increased in liver disease, oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome
additional information
-
not detected in brain, skin, skeletal muscle, and peripheral nerves including the axon and myelin sheath
additional information
-
blood-brain-barrier-associated isozyme activity induces the cell to form three-dimensional structures in cell culture, inducible by angiogenic and astroglial factors, e.g. bFGF, formation is reduced by cAMP
additional information
-
the enzyme is widely expressed on the apical surface of epithelial-cell lining ducts, most prominently in the proximal tubules of the kidney and liver biliary ducts, and is also expressed on leukocytes and astrocytes. Non-invasive, real-time detection of GGT activity in vivo, overview
additional information
the VvGGT3 transcript is expressed in all tissues tested, i.e. roots, leaf, inflorescences, and tendril, and in the skin, pulp, and seed fractions of mature grape berries. The transcript abundance of VvGGT3 is the lowest in the tendril, followed by the root, with a 1.7 and 1.8fold increase in leaf and inflorescence compared to the tendril, respectively. Focusing on the relative VvGGT3 abundance in the skin, pulp, and seed fractions of mature grape berries, similar levels of transcript is observed in all three berry tissues, with these all being over 7fold higher than the tendril
