2.4.1.212: hyaluronan synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about hyaluronan synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.4.1.212
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2.4.1.212
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glycosaminoglycans
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collagen
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polysaccharide
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keratinocytes
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cartilage
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4-methylumbelliferone
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proteoglycans
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hyaluronidases
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chondrocytes
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dermal
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mesenchymal
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pericellular
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pasteurella
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udp-glucuronic
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hyals
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versican
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cumulus
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synovial
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vocal
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articular
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aggrecan
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osteoarthritis
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streptococcal
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udp-n-acetylglucosamine
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multocida
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rhamm
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pyogenes
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udp-sugars
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chondroitin
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glucuronic
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procollagen
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synoviocytes
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cumulus-oocyte
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decorin
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udp-glcua
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photoaging
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filaggrin
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equisimilis
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ha-binding
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temporomandibular
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glcua
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perineuronal
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ophthalmopathy
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zooepidemicus
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uvb-irradiated
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ha-mediated
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tnfaip6
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medicine
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hyaluronan-binding
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fibromodulin
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biglycan
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analysis
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synthesis
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drug development
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biotechnology
- 2.4.1.212
- glycosaminoglycans
- collagen
- polysaccharide
- keratinocytes
- cartilage
- 4-methylumbelliferone
- proteoglycans
- hyaluronidases
- chondrocytes
-
dermal
- mesenchymal
-
pericellular
- pasteurella
-
udp-glucuronic
-
hyals
- versican
-
cumulus
- synovial
-
vocal
-
articular
- aggrecan
- osteoarthritis
- streptococcal
- udp-n-acetylglucosamine
- multocida
-
rhamm
- pyogenes
- udp-sugars
- chondroitin
-
glucuronic
- procollagen
- synoviocytes
-
cumulus-oocyte
- decorin
- udp-glcua
-
photoaging
- filaggrin
- equisimilis
-
ha-binding
-
temporomandibular
-
glcua
-
perineuronal
- ophthalmopathy
- zooepidemicus
-
uvb-irradiated
-
ha-mediated
-
tnfaip6
- medicine
-
hyaluronan-binding
- fibromodulin
- biglycan
- analysis
- synthesis
- drug development
- biotechnology
Reaction
Synonyms
CHAS2, CHAS3, class I hyaluronan synthase, CPS1, DG42 protein, HA synthase, HA synthase 3, HA1, HA2, HA3, HAS, HAS-1, HAS-2, HAS-3, HAS1, Has2, Has3, hasA, HASs, HsHAS1, HuHAS1, HyaD, hyaluronan synthase, hyaluronan synthase 1, hyaluronan synthase 2, hyaluronan synthase 3, hyaluronan synthase-1, hyaluronan synthase-2, hyaluronan synthases 2, hyaluronan synthethase, hyaluronate synthase, hyaluronate synthetase, hyaluronic acid synthase, hyaluronic acid synthetase, More, PmHAS, seHAS, XHAS1, XHAS2, XHAS3
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Source Tissue
Source Tissue on EC 2.4.1.212 - hyaluronan synthase
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expression of HAS1 splice variants is absent from B cells of healthy donors and in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) is restricted to the B-cell compartment
tumorigenic cell line, 3-5fold higher hyaluronan accumulation than in the parental cell line 3Y1
MDA-MB-231 and Hs-578T breast cancer cell line express higher levels of HAS2 mRNA and synthesize higher amounts of HA than breast cancer cell lines with a less aggressive phenotype, like MCF-7
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HAS1 expression is shown in 55.7% of SIRPA-positive macrophages in stage III follicles
MDA-MB-231 and Hs-578T breast cancer cell line express higher levels of HAS2 mRNA and synthesize higher amounts of HA than breast cancer cell lines with a less aggressive phenotype, like MCF-7. HAS2 is dramatically increased in bone metastases compared to the parental MDA-MB-231 cells
embryonic mouse molar. Difference in the distribution and expression of the three hyaluronan synthases at different developmental stages. Hyaluronan synthase 1 and hyaluronan synthase 2, but not hyaluronan synthase 3, are highly expressed in the bud stage
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expression of isoform HAS1 in theca cells of healthy and early atretic follicles of stage I and stage II and in progressing atretic stage III follicles
platelet-derived growth factor BB exerts dominant influence on HAS2 isoform expression by osteoblasts
metastatic cell line, 3-5fold higher hyaluronan accumulation than in the parental cell line 3Y1
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35 endometrial tissue biopsies from 35 patients, including proliferative and secretory endometrium, post-menopausal proliferative endometrium, complex atypical hyperplasia, grade 1 and grade 2 + 3 endometrioid adenocarcinomas. Immunoreactivity of all HAS proteins is increased in the cancer epithelium
additional information
fibroblast, expression of isozymes HAS1 and HAS2 is increased after oncogenic malignant transformation with v-sre and/or v-fos, while only the expression of isozyme HAS2 is increased by transformation with v-HA-ras
fibroblast, oncogenic malignant transformation with v-sre and/or v-fos, and v-HA-ras
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HAS2 is the main synthase in aortic smooth muscle cells
at embryonic day 7.5, Has1 is expressed throughout the gastrulating embryo. After ambryonic day 8.5, Has1 expression disappears
at embryonic day 7.5, Has2 is expressed throughout the gastrulating embryo. After ambryonic day 8.5, Has2 continues to be strongly, albeit transiently, expressed in numerous tissues, including the branchial arches and craniofacial structures such as the palatal shelves and lens pit. Has2 is also expressed during cardiac, skeletal, and tail development
Has3 transcripts are first detected at embryonic day 10.5 in the maxillary and mandibular components of the first branchial arch. Has3 expression in the developing teeth, vibrissae hair follicles, nasal cavity, and inner ear complements the expression pattern of Has2
expression of different HAS isoenzymes during embryonic development, overview. Intense hyaluronan staining is observed throughout the development in the tissues of mesodermal origin, like heart and cartilages, but also for example during the maturation of kidneys and stratified epithelia. In general, staining for one or several HAS isozymes correlates with hyaluronan staining. While epithelial cells are mostly negative for HASs, stratified epithelia become HAS positive during differentiation
expression of different HAS isoenzymes during embryonic development, overview. Intense hyaluronan staining is observed throughout the development in the tissues of mesodermal origin, like heart and cartilages, but also for example during the maturation of kidneys and stratified epithelia. In general, staining for one or several HAS isozymes correlates with hyaluronan staining. While epithelial cells are mostly negative for HASs, stratified epithelia become HAS positive during differentiation
HAS2 is suppressed in senescent fibroblasts, real time PCR enzyme expresion in fibrotic and senescent fibroblasts
MDA-MB-231 and Hs-578T breast cancer cell line express higher levels of HAS2 mRNA and synthesize higher amounts of HA than breast cancer cell lines with a less aggressive phenotype, like MCF-7
13fold decrease in hyaluronan synthase 3 expression in mineralising MG63 cells
hyaluronan synthesized by HAS-2 in MG-63 plays a crucial role in osteosarcoma cell proliferation, motility, and invasion
no significant change in hyaluronan synthase 2 expression in mineralising cells
TGF-beta2 is the major stimulator of HAS2 isoform expression in osteosarcoma cells
SKOV-3.ipl cell, the cell line is established from ascites that developed in a nu/nu mouse given an intraperitoneal injection of SK-OV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cell line
the SK-OV-3.ipl cell line is established from ascites that developed in a nu/nu mouse given an intraperitoneal injection of SK-OV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cell line
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expression of isoform HAS1 in theca cells of healthy and early atretic follicles of stage I and stage II and in progressing atretic stage III follicles
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while immunoreactivity for HASs increases in the cancer cells, tumor mRNA levels for HASs are not changed, suggesting that reduced turnover of HAS protein may also have contributed to the accumulation of hyaluronan, quantitative expression analysis, overview
additional information
both full length and splice variants of HAS1 are expressed in malignancies like bladder and prostate cancers, multiple myeloma, and malignant mesothelioma
additional information
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subcellular localization study, intracellular localization of EGFP-HAS1 and Dendra-HAS1 in MCF-7 cells, overview
additional information
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isozyme expression profile in uterine cervix of pregnant mice
additional information
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immunohistochemic localization, highest content in the granulosa layer
additional information
immunohistochemic localization, highest content in the granulosa layer
additional information
immunohistochemic localization, highest content in the granulosa layer