enzyme knockdown increases apoptosis of CT-26 cells transplant tumor. Furthermore, the activity of Akt and Erk cell signal pathways and expression of an apoptosis biomarker, betaIIItubulin, decrease when the enzyme is silenced
avian orthologue of the acatalytic mammalian ART4 is a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase with enzymatic activity comparable to that of other, catalytically active and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored members of the mammalian ART family
enzyme is an actin-specific ADP-ribosyltransferase, called binary toxin CDT, present in about 6% of strains isolated from patients with suspected Peptoclostridium difficile-associated diarrhea or colitis. All binary toxin-positive strains tested also produce toxins TcdB and/or TcdA. However, they have significant changes in the tcdA and tcdB genes and belong to variant toxinotypes III, IV, V, VII, IX, and XIII
Peptoclostridium difficile surface layer consists of the high and low molecular weight S-layer proteins, which are formed from the post-translational cleavage of a single precursor, SlpA. Cysteine potease Cwp84 is involved in maturation of SlpA. Inactivation of the Cwp84 results in a bacterial phenotype in which only immature, single chain SlpA comprises the S-layer. The Cwp84 knock-out mutants display significantly different colony morphology compared with the wild-type strain and grow more slowly in liquid medium. The knock-out strain is competent at causing disease with a similar pathology to the wild-type strain. Whereas Cwp84 plays a role in the cleavage of SlpA, it is not an essential virulence factor
the enzyme can regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating the RhoA/ROCK1/AKT/beta-catenin pathway and its downstream factors (snail1, vimentin, N-cadherin and E-cadherin) and therefore plays an important role in the progression of colon carcinoma
the enzyme is involved in angiogenesis in cases of colorectal cancer and plays an important role in the invasion of colorectal cancer cells and the metastasis of colorectal cancer
enzyme over-expression causes hypomethylation of the urokinase plasminogen activator gene. The enzyme is related to the expression and activity of DNA methyltransferase 1