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(3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2R)-1-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phosphono-propan-2-yl]oxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
(3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S)-1-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phosphono-propan-2-yl]oxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
(3R,4S,5R)-5-((R)-1-carboxy-1-phosphono-ethoxy)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid
analogue of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate, competitive to both substrates, binding structure analysis, binding induces conformational changes to residues Arg124 and Glu341 within the active site, which results in structural alterations in the amino-terminal globular domain of the enzyme
(3R,4S,5R)-5-((S)-1-carboxy-1-phosphono-ethoxy)-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid
analogue of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate, competitive to both substrates, binding structure analysis, binding induces no conformational changes
(3R,4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-1,1-difluoro-3-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-phosphonooxy-propan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
(Z)-3-fluorophosphoenolpyruvate
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competitive vs. phosphoenolpyruvate at saturated shikimate 3-phosphate concentration and vice versa
5-Deoxy-shikimate 3-phosphate
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competitive vs. shikimate 3-phosphate
5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate
ammonium heptamolybdate
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1.1 mM, 50% inhibition, no inhibition below 0.1 mM
Br-
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inhibition above 200 mM, stimulation below
Ca2+
90.1% residual activity at 1 mM
Carboxyallenyl phosphate
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strong
Cl-
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inhibition above 400 mM, stimulation below
Co3+
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10 mM, 25% inhibition
diethyldicarbonate
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inactivation with a second-order rate constant of 220/M/min, subtstrates protect from inactivation, enzyme activity is recovered by treatment with hydroxylamine
I-
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inhibition above 100 mM, stimulation below
La3+
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10 mM, complete inhibition
molybdate
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10 mM, complete inhibition
NH4Cl
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inhibition above 300 mM, stimulation below
NO3-
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inhibition above 150 mM, stimulation below
pyruvate
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20 mM, 85% inactivation after 1 h in the presence of cyanoborhydride, no inactivation in the absence of cyanoborhydride, preincubation with 5-enolpyruvylshikimate or a combination of shikimate 3-phosphate and glyphosate prevents from inactivation
Reaction intermediate analogue
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-
-
shikimate 3-phosphate
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product inhibition
shikimate 3-phosphate-5-carboxymethyl-(2R)-phosphonate
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competitive vs. 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate and phosphate
shikimate 3-phosphate-5-carboxymethyl-(2S)-phosphonate
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competitive vs. 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate and phosphate
SO42-
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inhibition above 50 mM, slight stimulation below
(3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2R)-1-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phosphono-propan-2-yl]oxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
RP-TI, (R)-phosphonate analogue of the (S)-tetrahedral reaction intermediate, competitive inhibitor of EPSPS forward reaction, 460fold decrease in potency compared to glyphosate-sensitive class I EPSPS from Escherichia coli
(3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2R)-1-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phosphono-propan-2-yl]oxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
RP-TI, (R)-phosphonate analogue of the (S)-tetrahedral reaction intermediate, very potent competitive inhibitor of EPSPS forward reaction, binding induces substantial conformational change in enzymes backbone and active site (e.g., Glu341 and Arg124)
(3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2R)-1-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phosphono-propan-2-yl]oxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
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RP-TI, (R)-phosphonate analogue of the (S)-tetrahedral reaction intermediate, competitive inhibitor of EPSPS forward reaction, 120-fold decrease in potency compared to glyphosate-sensitive class I EPSPS from Escherichia coli
(3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S)-1-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phosphono-propan-2-yl]oxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
SP-TI, (S)-phosphonate analogue of the (S)-tetrahedral reaction intermediate, non-potent competitive inhibitor of EPSPS forward reaction
(3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S)-1-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phosphono-propan-2-yl]oxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
SP-TI, (S)-phosphonate analogue of the (S)-tetrahedral reaction intermediate, moderate competitive inhibitor of EPSPS forward reaction
(3R,4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(2S)-1-hydroxy-1-oxo-2-phosphono-propan-2-yl]oxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
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SP-TI, (S)-phosphonate analogue of the (S)-tetrahedral reaction intermediate, competitive inhibitor of EPSPS forward reaction
(3R,4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-1,1-difluoro-3-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-phosphonooxy-propan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
2F-TI, (R)-difluoromethyl analogue of the (S)-tetrahedral reaction intermediate, competitive inhibitor of EPSPS forward reaction, 8fold decrease in potency compared to glyphosate-sensitive class I EPSPS from Escherichia coli
(3R,4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-1,1-difluoro-3-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-phosphonooxy-propan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
2F-TI, (R)-difluoromethyl analogue of the (S)-tetrahedral reaction intermediate, very potent competitive inhibitor of EPSPS forward reaction
(3R,4S,5R)-5-[(2R)-1,1-difluoro-3-hydroxy-3-oxo-2-phosphonooxy-propan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-3-phosphonooxy-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid
-
2F-TI, (R)-difluoromethyl analogue of the (S)-tetrahedral reaction intermediate, competitive inhibitor of EPSPS forward reaction, 4-fold decrease in potency compared to glyphosate-sensitive class I EPSPS from Escherichia coli
3-Bromopyruvate
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0.1 mM, approx. 80% inactivation after 5 min, maximum rate-constant: 0.31/min, substrates or a combination of shikimate 3-phosphat and glyphosate protect from inactivation, bromopyruvate modifies residues C408 and L411
3-Bromopyruvate
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1 mM, 50% inactivation after 3.4 min
3-Bromopyruvate
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glyphosate protects
5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate
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product inhibition
5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate
-
product inhibition
Al3+
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10 mM, 37% inhibition
Al3+
18.3% residual activity at 1 mM
Cu2+
-
10 mM, 90-95% inhibition
Cu2+
57.6% residual activity at 1 mM
Cu2+
-
5 mM, complete inhibition
Fe2+
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10 mM, complete inhibition
Fe2+
25.2% residual activity at 1 mM
Fe2+
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5 mM, 42% inhibition
Fe3+
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10 mM, 60% inhibition
Fe3+
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5 mM, 68% inhibition
glyphosate
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-
glyphosate
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3-phosphoshikimate binding is prerequisite for glyphosate binding
glyphosate
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competitor with phosphoenolpyruvate binding site, AroA(1398) transformation allows Escherichia coli DH5alpha and XL1 Blue colonies to grow on up to 200 mM glyphosate (non-transformed bacteria stop growing on 5 mM inhibitor), AroA(1398) integrated maize transgenic plant lines showed 54% survival upon glyphosate treatment compared to none of control plants
glyphosate
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competitive inhibition of the wild-type enzyme, mutant T42M is less sensitive
glyphosate
N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, broad-spectrum herbicide
glyphosate
Lyngbya sp.
-
-
glyphosate
Kd: 350 micromolar (pH 6.9, 25°C), binding induces conformational change that leads to increase in alpha helix (40% to 57%) and decrease in beta-sheet (30% to 23%) content (revealed by circular dichroism spectroscopy) and prevents access of solvent to core molecule (revealed by hydrogen/deuterium exchange, peptic digestion and LC-ESI-MS)
glyphosate
plant
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plants do not survive glyphosate spray treatment (1.78 l/ha of a 480 g AE/L formulation) in the field
glyphosate
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inhibits forward reaction only slightly at 0.2 mM but substantially at 20 mM
glyphosate
N-phosphonomethylglycine
glyphosate
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at 300 mM: no growth of Escherichia coli transformed with either EPSPS wild-type or mutant N130S
glyphosate
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competitive inhibition of the wild-type enzyme, mutant T42M is less sensitive
glyphosate
-
slight inhibition, insensitivity is independent from cations, mechanism
glyphosate
Tolypothrix sp.
-
Mn2+
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10 mM, 16% inhibition
Mn2+
84% residual activity at 1 mM
Mn2+
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5 mM, 42% inhibition
N-ethylmaleimide
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1 mM, 50% inactivation after approx. 3 min
N-ethylmaleimide
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glyphosate protects
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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0.25 mM, 50% inhibition of NH4Cl activated enzyme, 75 mM, 50% inhibition of nonactivated enzyme
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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0.006 mM, 50% inhibition of glyphosate-sensitve strain, 0.03 mM, 50% inhibition of glyphosate-resistant strain
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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inhibition of enolpyruvate transfer, competitive vs. phosphoenolpyruvate
N-phosphonomethylglycine
-
-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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0.01 mM, 50% inhibition
N-phosphonomethylglycine
-
-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
mechanism of inhibition in atomic detail
N-phosphonomethylglycine
-
-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
-
-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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wild-type enzyme
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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competitive vs. phosphoenolpyruvate, noncompetitive vs. shikimate 3-phosphate, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate and phosphate, not inhibited by non-herbicidal analogues of glyphosate, e.g. aminomethylphosphonic acid, glyphosine, i.e. bis-N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, or iminodiacetic acid; pH-dependent
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
-
-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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0.0183 mM, 50% inhibition, 0.5 mM 96% inhibition, competitive vs. phosphoenolpyruvate, uncompetitive vs. shikimate 3-phosphate at pH 7.0, mechanism; pH-dependent
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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noncompetitive vs. phosphate, competitive vs. phosphoenolpyruvate, uncompetitive vs. shikimate 3-phosphate
N-phosphonomethylglycine
-
-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
-
-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
-
-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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N-phosphonomethylglycine
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3 mM, 50% inhibition, 25 mM, 90% inhibition; trivial name glyphosate, non-selective herbicide "Round up", free acid or monoisopropylamine salt
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
-
-
N-phosphonomethylglycine
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0.006-0.008 mM, 50% inhibition, 1 mM, complete inhibition
Pb2+
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10 mM, 90-95% inhibition
Pb2+
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5 mM, 97% inhibition
Phenylglyoxal
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2 mM, 50% inactivation after 32 min
Phenylglyoxal
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glyphosate protects
phosphoenolpyruvate
-
substrate inhibition
Zn2+
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10 mM, 90-95% inhibition
Zn2+
15.9% residual activity at 1 mM
Zn2+
-
5 mM, complete inhibition
additional information
insensitive to inhibition by glyphosate.
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additional information
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insensitive to inhibition by glyphosate.
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additional information
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resistant to glyphosate
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additional information
insensitive to inhibition by glyphosate exhibiting Ki and IC50 values of 1.2 and 5.2 mM, respectively; not inhibited by EDTA
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additional information
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insensitive to inhibition by glyphosate exhibiting Ki and IC50 values of 1.2 and 5.2 mM, respectively; not inhibited by EDTA
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