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2.5.1.21: squalene synthase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about squalene synthase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 2.5.1.21

Reaction

2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate +

NAD(P)H
+
H+
=
squalene
 + 2 diphosphate +
NAD(P)+

Synonyms

BbSS, BSS, CrSQS, dt-ySQase, Erg9, EtSS, farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase, farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyldiphosphate farnesyltransferase, farnesyldiphosphate farnesyltransferase 1, farnesyldiphosphate:farnesyldiphosphate farnesyltransferase, farnesyltransferase, FDFT1, hSQS, presqualene synthase, presqualene-diphosphate synthase, SgSQS, SQase, SQS, SQS1, SQS2, squalene synthase, squalene synthase 1, squalene synthase 2, squalene synthetase, SS1, SSase, SSN, synthase, squalene, TkSQS1, TkSQS2

ECTree

     2 Transferases
         2.5 Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups
             2.5.1 Transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other than methyl groups (only sub-subclass identified to date)
                2.5.1.21 squalene synthase

Cloned

Cloned on EC 2.5.1.21 - squalene synthase

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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
clone 8380-1, gene PSS1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, overexpression in Solanum tuberosum plants, only four of 12 SQS-transgenics have greater steroidal glycoalkaloid levels than control, quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
cloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha, overexpression of the endogenoous gene encoding squalene synthase in Withania somnifera via transfection with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 using binary vector pBI121
-
development of a plasmid for heterologous expression of yeast squalene synthase in Escherichia coli
-
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, real-time RT-PCR expression analysis
-
enzyme expressed in Escherichia coli
-
Escherichia coli codon-optimized gene tsqs, recombinant expression of wild-type and endgineered enzymes in Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue, coexpression with gene crtN encoding DSQ desaturase from Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli results in carotinoid production and accumulation of C30 carotenoid pigments, which does not happen with coexpression of gene crtI encoding Pantoea ananatis phytoene desaturase, carotenoid pigment analysis, overview
Thermosynechococcus vestitus
-
expressed in Escherichia coli, several truncated versions of SQS with a His tag attached to the amino terminus
-
expressed in Mus musculus C57BL/6
-
expressed in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
expression as green fluorescent protein-tagged version in onion
O23118, P53799
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli, His-tagged protein found exclusively in inclusion bodies
Thermosynechococcus vestitus
-
full-length cDNAs of SgSQS is cloned by a rapid amplification of cDNA-ends with polymerase chain reaction approach. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthsmiana
full-length SgSQS with measurable catalytic activity is expressed in Escherichia coli
gene BbSS, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of C-terminally truncated wild-type and mutant enzymes BbSS, lacking 65 amino acids, in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene BfSS1, overexpression in Bupleurum falcatum using transfection via Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101
gene BSS, recombinant enzyme expression in an enzyme-deficient SQS-knockout Saccharomyces cerevisiae DELTAerg9 strain, the enzyme can partially complement the knockout mutation when the gene is weakly expressed, but when highly expressed, the non-fungal squalene synthase cannot complement the yeast mutation and instead leads to the accumulation of a toxic intermediate(s) as defined by mutations of genes downstream in the ergosterol pathway
gene CbSqS, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, expression in Escherichia coli strain M15
gene CrSQS, a single-copy gene, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, recombinant functional expression of C-terminally His6-tagged enzyme, with the hydrophobic transmembrane regions removed, in Escherichia coli. Transient expression of full-length GFP-tagged CrSQS and GFP-tagged squalene epoxidase CrSQE in onion epidermal tissue suggests that both proteins are co-localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression of gene CrSQS in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant strain UVM4 under the regulation of the constitutive PsaD promoter, squalene does not accumulate significantly in CrSQS-overexpressing cells, although conversion of farnesyl diphosphate to squalene is enhanced by overexpression of enzyme CrSQS
-
gene erg9, recombinant expression in enzyme-deficient SQS-knockout Saccharomyces cerevisiae DELTAerg9 strain, the endogenous enzyme partially complements the knockout mutation, restoration of the complete complementation phenotype is mapped to a 26-amino acid hinge region linking the catalytic and membrane-spanning domains specific to fungal squalene synthases
gene ERG9, recombinant expression of C-terminally His6-tagged enzyme in Pichia pastoris strain GS115
gene FDFT1, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR enzyme expression analysis
gene fragment SQS(31-370) as N-terminally His6-tagged protein containing a thrombin cleavage site in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
-
gene hSQS, recombinant enzyme expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3)
gene hsqs, recombinant expression of a truncated Q33R/D34N/S38N mutant lacking 30 N-terminal residues and 47 C-terminal residues in Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue, coexpression with gene crtN encoding DSQ desaturase from Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli results in carotinoid production and accumulation of C30 carotenoid pigments, which does not happen with coexpression of gene crtI encoding Pantoea ananatis phytoene desaturase, carotenoid pigment analysis, overview
gene hSQS, recombinant expression of His-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3)
gene hsqs, recombinant functional expression of mutant enzyme with truncated membrane-binding domains, i.e. 30 residues of the N-terminus and 47 residues of the C-terminus, in Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue, performance of the squalene hyperproducing strain is best at 37°C
gene krsSQS, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, functional recombinant expression of soluble His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene MoSQS, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, a transmembrane domain-deleted (385-409 aa) MoSQS mutant (MoSQSDELTATM) can be functionally expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli strain Transetta (DE3)
gene PmSQS, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis
gene PtSQS, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis
gene SQS, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis and tree, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene SQS, recombinant enzyme expression in an enzyme-deficient SQS-knockout Saccharomyces cerevisiae DELTAerg9 strain, the enzyme can partially complement the knockout mutation when the gene is weakly expressed, but when highly expressed, the non-fungal squalene synthase cannot complement the yeast mutation and instead leads to the accumulation of a toxic intermediate(s) as defined by mutations of genes downstream in the ergosterol pathway
gene SQS, recombinant expression of soluble His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli
gene tsqs, recombinant functional expression of wild-type full-length enzyme in Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue, performance of the squalene hyperproducing strain is best at 37°C
Thermosynechococcus vestitus
-
gene WsSQS, generation of T0 Withania somnifera plants overexpressing squalene synthase by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV2260 mediated transformation using high-expression pCAMBIA 1301 vector under the control of the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter, quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis. Accumulation of SQS mRNA in the leaves and roots, and less in stems of transgenic plants, as well as tissue-specific accumulation of withanolides. Withaferin A and Withanolide A increase up to 2.0-2.5fold whereas the concentration of Withanolide B and Withanone reach only 1.2 and 1.3fold, respectively
gene ysqs, recombinant expression of wild-type and endgineered enzymes in Escherichia coli strain XL1-Blue, coexpression with gene crtN encoding DSQ desaturase from Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli results in carotinoid production and accumulation of C30 carotenoid pigments, which does not happen with coexpression of gene crtI encoding Pantoea ananatis phytoene desaturase, carotenoid pigment analysis, overview
genes WsSQS1and WsSQS2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, quantitative real-time PCR tissue expression analysis, expression as soluble recombinant enzymes with 24 hydrophobic amino acids deleted from the C-terminus and expressed as His6-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli
heterologous expression of a squalene synthase from Botryocuccus braunii can increase squalene accumulation in a DELTAshc strain of Synechocystis
LdSSN DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, phylogenetic analysis, expression as C-terminally His6-tagged protein in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3)
overview
the truncated SmSQS2 in which 28 amino acids are deleted from the carboxy terminus was expressed as GST-Tag fusion protein in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)
the truncated squalene synthase without the last 28 amino acids of the carboxy terminus is inductively expressed in Escherichia coli Transetta (DE3)
two genes SQS, DA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analysis
yeast enzyme overexpressed in Escherichia coli
-