2.5.1.9: riboflavin synthase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about riboflavin synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 2.5.1.9
-
2.5.1.9
-
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
-
cyclohydrolase
-
5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,41h,3h-pyrimidinedione
-
dismutation
-
guilliermondii
-
3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone
-
icosahedral
-
bartonellae
-
photobacterium
-
flavinogenic
-
flavinogenesis
-
ashbyii
-
eremothecium
-
ribitylated
-
leiognathi
-
henselae
-
famata
-
drug development
-
pharmacology
-
medicine
- 2.5.1.9
- 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
-
cyclohydrolase
-
5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,41h,3h-pyrimidinedione
-
dismutation
- guilliermondii
- 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone
-
icosahedral
-
bartonellae
- photobacterium
-
flavinogenic
-
flavinogenesis
-
ashbyii
- eremothecium
-
ribitylated
- leiognathi
- henselae
- famata
- drug development
- pharmacology
- medicine
Reaction
2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine = +
Synonyms
heavy riboflavin synthase, light riboflavin synthase, lumazine synthase/riboflavin synthase complex, RibD, RibE1, riboflavin synthase, riboflavin synthetase, riboflavine synthase, riboflavine synthetase, synthase, riboflavin
ECTree
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Substrates Products
Substrates Products on EC 2.5.1.9 - riboflavin synthase
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REACTION DIAGRAM
2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
2 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidine-dione
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
6,7-dimethyl-8-[1'-(5'-deoxy-D-ribityl)]lumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-[1'-(5'-deoxy-D-ribityl)]lumazine
5'-deoxyriboflavin + ?
-
-
-
?
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
2 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidine-dione
-
the reaction catalyzed by riboflavin synthase of Methanococcus jannaschii involves a pentacyclic intermediate, which is a diastereomer of the pentacyclic intermediate of riboflavin synthase of Escherichia coli
-
-
?
2 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4(1H,3H)-pyrimidine-dione
-
the reaction catalyzed by riboflavin synthase of Methanococcus jannaschii involves a pentacyclic intermediate, which is a diastereomer of the pentacyclic intermediate of riboflavin synthase of Escherichia coli
-
-
?
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
enzyme catalyzes the transfer of a four-carbon unit between 2 molecules of the substrate, 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
final step of biosynthesis of vitamin B2, i.e. riboflavin, the universal precursor of flavocoenzymes, overview
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
dismutation, exchange of a C4 fragment, regio- and stereospecific reaction
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
-
catalysed by the alpha-subunit, which forms a trimer surrounded by an icosahedral capsid of 60 beta subunits producing substrate 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
-
-
-
r
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
dismutation
riboflavin binding site structure
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
final step of biosynthesis of vitamin B2, i.e. riboflavin, the universal precursor of flavocoenzymes, overview
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
ultimate step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, i.e. vitamin B2, the precursor of flavin cofactors
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
dismutation, exchange of a C4 fragment, regio- and stereospecific reaction
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
mechanistical complex dismutation
-
-
r
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
mechanistically complex dismutation
-
-
r
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
final step of biosynthesis of vitamin B2, i.e. riboflavin, the universal precursor of flavocoenzymes, overview
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
ultimate step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, pathway overview, evolution of vitamin B2 biosynthesis
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
dismutation, exchange of a C4 fragment, regio- and stereospecific reaction
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
transfer of a 4-carbon fragment
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
final step of biosynthesis of vitamin B2, i.e. riboflavin, the universal precursor of flavocoenzymes, overview
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
dismutation, exchange of a C4 fragment, regio- and stereospecific reaction
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
final step of biosynthesis of vitamin B2, i.e. riboflavin, the universal precursor of flavocoenzymes, overview
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
ultimate step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, pathway overview
-
-
r
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
-
dismutation, exchange of a C4 fragment, regio- and stereospecific reaction
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-(1-D-ribityl)lumazine
riboflavin + 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione
mechanistically complex dismutation
-
-
r
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
1 riboflavin is bound per monomer in a site at one end of the 6-stranded antiparallel beta-barrel which is comprised of elements of both monomers
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
Escherichia coli B / ATCC 11303
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
Pseudomonas iodinum
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
i.e. 6,7-dimethyl-8-(1'-D-ribityl)lumazine
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
ir
6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine + 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine
riboflavin + 4-(1'-D-ribitylamino)-5-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine
-
-
-
-
?
?
-
-
vitamin B2 biosynthetic pathway evolution, hypothetical gene duplication conductive to the 2-domain architecture occurring very early in evolution
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
beta-subunit of heavy riboflavin synthase catalyzes the formation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine from 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-pyrimidinedione and a carbohydrate phosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
dismutation of 6,7-dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine yielding riboflavin and 5-amino-6-ribitylamino-2,4-pyrimidinedione is catalyzed by the alpha-subunit
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
salvage cycle for the by-product of the reaction is involved in the de novo synthesis of riboflavin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with the dimeric pentacyclic reaction intermediate as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
utilization of the pentacyclic reaction intermediate as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
final step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, the early steps in this pathway involve the addition of a nucleophile to the lumazine that will function as the donor of the four-carbon unit and the deprotonation of the C-7 methyl group of the lumazine that will function as the acceptor of the four-carbon unit to form the anion, although the identity of the nucleophile has not been rigorously established, likely candidates include water or one of the ribityl hydroxyl groups, nucleophilic addition of an anion to an imine affords an intermediate, which tautomerizes to yield a further intermediate, elimination of the anion results in an iminium ion which is attacked intramolecularly by the enamine to produce the pentacyclic intermediate, the pentacyclic compound has been isolated and shown to be a kinetically competent intermediate, 2 sequential elimination reactions then produce the final products
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
final step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, the early steps in this pathway involve the addition of a nucleophile to the lumazine that will function as the donor of the four-carbon unit and the deprotonation of the C-7 methyl group of the lumazine that will function as the acceptor of the four-carbon unit to form the anion, although the identity of the nucleophile has not been rigorously established, likely candidates include water or one of the ribityl hydroxyl groups, nucleophilic addition of an anion to an imine affords an intermediate, which tautomerizes to yield a further intermediate, elimination of the anion results in an iminium ion which is attacked intramolecularly by the enamine to produce the pentacyclic intermediate, the pentacyclic compound has been isolated and shown to be a kinetically competent intermediate, 2 sequential elimination reactions then produce the final products
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
archaeal enzymes have diverged early in evolution from a common ancestor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
active with the dimeric pentacyclic reaction intermediate as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
activity with different isotopomers, stereochemistry, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
activity with different isotopomers, stereochemistry, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with lumazine 5'-phosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with lumazine 5'-phosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
archaeal enzymes have diverged early in evolution from a common ancestor
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with lumazine 5'-phosphate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
final step in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, the early steps in this pathway involve the addition of a nucleophile to the lumazine that will function as the donor of the four-carbon unit and the deprotonation of the C-7 methyl group of the lumazine that will function as the acceptor of the four-carbon unit to form the anion, although the identity of the nucleophile has not been rigorously established, likely candidates include water or one of the ribityl hydroxyl groups, nucleophilic addition of an anion to an imine affords an intermediate, which tautomerizes to yield a further intermediate, elimination of the anion results in an iminium ion which is attacked intramolecularly by the enamine to produce the pentacyclic intermediate, the pentacyclic compound has been isolated and shown to be a kinetically competent intermediate, 2 sequential elimination reactions then produce the final products
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
structure-function relationship
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate binding structure and catalytic mechanism by NMR analysis and protein perturbation studies using fluoro-substituted reaction intermediate analogues, i.e. 2 epimers of 6,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-8-ribityllumazine hydrate, 6-trifluoromethyl-7-oxo-8-ribityllumazine, 6-carboxyethyl-7-oxo-8-ribityllumazine, and 5-nitro-6-ribitylamino-2,4-pyrimidinedione, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
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substrate binding structure and catalytic mechanism by NMR analysis and protein perturbation studies using fluoro-substituted reaction intermediate analogues, i.e. 2 epimers of 6,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)-8-ribityllumazine hydrate, 6-trifluoromethyl-7-oxo-8-ribityllumazine, 6-carboxyethyl-7-oxo-8-ribityllumazine, and 5-nitro-6-ribitylamino-2,4-pyrimidinedione, overview
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