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2.7.1.1: hexokinase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about hexokinase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 2.7.1.1

Reaction

ATP
+
D-glucose
=
ADP
 +
D-glucose 6-phosphate

Synonyms

6-phosphate glucose kinase, AtHXK1, ATP-D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, ATP-D-hexose-6-phosphotransferase, ATP-dependent hexokinase, ATP: D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase, ATP: D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, ATP:D-glucose 6-phosphotransferase, ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase, BmHk, brain form hexokinase, CzHXK1, FgHXK1, FgHXK2, GCK, GK, GKbeta, GlcK, glk, GlkB, glucokinase, glucokinase 1, glucokinase B, glucose ATP phosphotransferase, HaHXK1, hexokinase, hexokinase (phosphorylating), hexokinase 1, hexokinase 2, hexokinase 3, hexokinase 6, hexokinase A, hexokinase D, hexokinase Dor, hexokinase I, hexokinase II, hexokinase III, hexokinase IV, hexokinase PI, hexokinase PII, hexokinase type I, hexokinase type II, hexokinase type IV, hexokinase type IV glucokinase, hexokinase, tumor isozyme, hexokinase-1, hexokinase-10, hexokinase-2, hexokinase-4, hexokinase-5, hexokinase-6, hexokinase-7, hexokinase-8, hexokinase-9, hexokinase-II, hexokinase-like 1, hGK, hGK isoform 1, HK, HK II, HK-1, HK-I, HK-R, HK1, HK2, HK4, HKDC1, HKI, HKII, HKIII, HKL1, HPGLK1, HXK, HXK A, HXK II, Hxk1, HXK10, Hxk2, Hxk3, HXK4, HXK5, HXK6, HXK7, HXK8, HXK9, hxkC, hxkD, kinase, hexo- (phosphorylating), KlHxk1, LGK, LGK2, liver glucokinase, liver glucokinase isoform 2, MODY2 glucokinase, More, muscle form hexokinase, NfGlck, NtHXK1, OsHXK, OsHXK1, OsHXK10, OsHXK2, OsHXK3, OsHXK4, OsHXK5, OsHXK6, OsHXK7, OsHXK9, pHXK, plastid hexokinase, PpHXK1, PpHXK10, PpHXK11, PpHXK2, PpHXK3, PpHXK4, PpHXK5, PpHXK6, PpHXK7, PpHXK8, PpHXK9, Rag5p, ROK hexokinase, ScHK2, ScHXK2, SoHXK1, StHK, STK_23540, StoHK, TbHK1, TbHK2, TcHK, TthHK, type II hexokinase, VIT_18s0001g14230, xprF, Zm.5206, Zm.95484

ECTree

     2 Transferases
         2.7 Transferring phosphorus-containing groups
             2.7.1 Phosphotransferases with an alcohol group as acceptor
                2.7.1.1 hexokinase

Expression

Expression on EC 2.7.1.1 - hexokinase

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a small heterodimer partner decreasesliver glucokinase gene expression by inhibiting the transcriptional activity of liver X receptoralpha and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma by directly interacting with their common heterodimer partner RXRalpha
-
biotin increases glucokinase expression, inhibition of soluble guanylate cyclase or protein kinase G signalling suppresses biotin-induced glucokinase expression, inhibition of insulin secretion with diazoxide or nifedipine prevents biotin-stimulated glucokinase mRNA increase
-
expression is upregulated in three-leaf stage shoots treated with exogenous abscisic acid, cytokinin, gibberellic acid, auxin, polyehtylene glycol, sodium chloride, and low temperature of 4°C
higher levels in heterotrophic tissues, developing seeds and roots, than in photosynthetic ones. A time course of HXK activity and expression in seeds shows that the highest HXK levels are found at the early stages of reserve compounds, lipids and proteins accumulation
Hxk1 and Hxk2 expression levels rise with increasing glucose concentrations
in contrast to normal brain and low-grade gliomas, which express predominantly HK1, human glioblastoma multiforme show show increased HK2 expression
-
in the liver, expression of glucokinase is strictly dependent on the presence of insulin, insulin induction of glucokinase in hepatocytes is suppressed by the inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase, wortmannin, and LY294002
-
in the MIN6 beta-cell line, enzyme expression increases following the application of redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf1 shRNA. 2-deoxy-D-glucose is able to suppress the basal release of insulin in MIN6 cells treated with Nrf1 shRNA, which suggests that increased hexokinase resulting from Nrf1 silencing is one of the critical downstream events affecting glucose metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells
liver X receptoralpha increases liver glucokinase expression in primary hepatocytes, expression of liver glucokinase is induced mainly regulated by insulin through sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c as a mediator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma also stimulates liver glucokinase expression through a peroxisome proliferator-responsive element
-
mitochondrial hexokinase activity is increased in social isolated rats
-
serum deprivation markedly increases hexokinase II abundance in tuberous sclerosis complex 2-deficient cells
-
the expression level of hexokinase genes and the production of pyruvate, which is the precursor of deoxynivalenol, are up-regulated in the carbendazim-resistant strain
the glucokinase protein levels in liver of alloxan treated mice is only 19% of that of normal mice
-
tissue mRNA levels are increased following a single neutral protamine Hagadorn insulin injection, basal glucokinase gene expression is elevated by precedent insulin dosing
-
treatment with gibberellin GA3 results in the inhibition of Hxk1 and Hxk2 expression levels with the increase of GA3 concentrations. In presence of 20 mM glucosamine, expression is almost completely suppressed
when oroxylin A, isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis and Oroxylum indicum, is applied to two breast carcinoma cell lines, it decreases hexokinase II expression and causes detachment of the enzyme from the mitochondria, thereby inhibiting glycolysis and decreasing ATP levels