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expression of M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme
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Ehrlich and Yoshida
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low-grade astrocytoma
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M2-type isoenzyme
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activity in tumor tissue is higher than in normal tissue
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isoform PK II
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specific activity is 5fold higher in starch-grown cells than in lactate-grown cells
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specific activity is 5fold higher in starch-grown cells than in lactate-grown cells
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M2-type isozyme
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Musa cavendishii
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isoform M2 derived from hair root has a transcriptional start site different from that of other tissues and is more specific in its expression
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R-type isozyme
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expression of M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme
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isoform pyruvate kinase M2
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a lymphoblastoid cell line
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benign non-ductal tissue in chronic pancreatitis and normal pancreas show variable expression of M2-PK
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expression of M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme
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early life stage, enzyme reaches a pronounced peak in postlarva V-VI, followed by a further decrease in postlarva XII-XIV
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expression of M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme
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distal, expression of M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme
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expression of M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme
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S-type isozyme
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K-type isozyme
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squamous cell carcinoma of tongue
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homogenate
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M2-type isozyme
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isoform pyruvate kinase M2
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strong expression in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain
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M1-type isozyme
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prevalence of dimeric PKM2 in cancer
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Antarctic fish
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vegetative
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vegetative
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aggregating
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hyphal and yeast
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expression of M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme
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M2 isoform (PKM2) is exclusively expressed in embryonic and adult dividing/tumor cells
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developing
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germinating (from 5 days old seedlings)
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developing endosperm
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641552, 641553, 673933, 676298, 691167, 707838, 708196, 708661, 709379, 710022, 710034, 710210, 737416 brenda
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Pigeon
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R-type isozyme
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vultured skin fibroblast
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strong expression in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain
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type M-isozyme
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type M-isozyme
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isoform pyruvate kinase M2
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isoform pyruvate kinase M2
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Hela cells express PKM2 but not PKM1 or PKL
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Busycotypus canaliculatum
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Amaranthus sp.
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vasculature and mesophyll of rosette leaves
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young, vasculature and mesophyll of rosette leaves
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isozyme PKL
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liver-specific isozyme hL-PYK
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L-type: major, M2-type: minor isozyme
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annual change in enzyme activity. In June, pyruvate kinase displays an increase in Vmax value. The Km value shows a circa-annual rhythm. No relation between the changes of enzyme activity and photoperiod or temperature
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liver-specific isozyme
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expression of M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme
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M2-type isozyme
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foot muscle
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posterior adductor
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white
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Antarctic fish
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Busycotypus canaliculatum
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radular retractor muscle
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Busycotypus canaliculatum
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red muscle
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striated muscle
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posterior adductor
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white
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red muscle
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isoform pyruvate kinase M1
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skeletal
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skeletal
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abdominal muscle, PK I
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skeletal
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type M-isozyme
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retractor muscle
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skeletal
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cardiac
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type M-isozyme
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641520, 641561, 661628, 707515, 707516, 707517, 707643, 721683, 721688, 722155, 722396, 737796 brenda
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skeletal
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adductor
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flight muscle
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skeletal
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type M-isozyme
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flight muscle
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muscle-specific isozyme
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isoform pyruvate kinase M2
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transfected with PKM-1 or PKM-2
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root tip
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expression profiling of cytosolic pyruvate kinase enzyme during seed development, enzyme activity is highest during middle stage, overview
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expression profiling of cytosolic pyruvate kinase enzyme during seed development, enzyme activity is highest during middle stage, overview
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highest activity
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highest activity
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strong expression in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain
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M (muscle)-type isozyme
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comparison of young adult and old animal. During ageing, 69 proteins exhibit a drastically changed expression. Levels of pyruvate kinase, enolase and phosphofructokinase decrease, while mitochondrial ATP synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and adenylate kinase are increased in senescent fibres
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in the acrosome of the sperm head and in the fibrous sheath of the principal piece of the flagellum
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PK-S is found in the principal piece of the boar sperm flagellum and in the acrosomal region of the sperm head and at the head-midpiece junction
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additional information
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tissue distribution
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
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additional information
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isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK1 promoter GUS lines display strong staining in the shoot apical meristem and in the basal part of young leaves. The cPK1 promoter leads to broadly abundant GUS activity in roots and leaves of seedlings from the first day on
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
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additional information
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isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. cPK4-promoter plants expression is observed from the first day on in the entire root and the leaf vasculature, and later in hydathodes and at the sides of emerging leaf buds
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
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additional information
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isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. Expression of cPK5 starts later and is mainly restricted to the cotyledon, leaf and root vasculature
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
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additional information
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isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK2 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages, cPK2 promoter GUS expression does not initiate in the rosette axis until ten days after germination
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
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additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
brenda
additional information
isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
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additional information
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isozyme localization analysis revealing an isoform-specific expression pattern for the five cytosolic enzymes, subject to plant tissue and developmental stage. Cytosolic pyruvate kinase genes are expressed in a tissue-specific and developmental-specific manner. The cPK3 promoter shows broadly abundant GUS signals only at later stages. The cPK3 promoter-induced expression is restricted to the root tip and is already visible on the first day after germination. From the third day on, the signal becomes abundant in the entire root and is also observed in the leaf axis and spatial related trichomes
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additional information
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tissue distribution
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additional information
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cancer cells universally express the M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase
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additional information
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complete lack of M2-PK expression in benign pancreatic ducts, premalignant lesions and cancer
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additional information
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isozyme PKM1 is expressed in most adult tissues
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additional information
M2 isoform (PKM2) is exclusively expressed in embryonic and adult dividing/tumor cells
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additional information
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M2 isoform (PKM2) is exclusively expressed in embryonic and adult dividing/tumor cells
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additional information
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M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme is expressed in different differentiated cells and tissues as well as in all proliferating cells. Increase of tumor M2-PK in plasma of patients with renal cell carcinoma, melanoma, lung, breast, cervical, ovarian, oesopharyngeal, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancer as well as in pleural fluid of patients with chest malignancies which correlates with tumor stages
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additional information
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predominant isoform of pyruvate kinase in cancer cells is PKM2
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additional information
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prevalence of PKM2 in cancer cells relative to the prevalence of PKM1 in many norma cells
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additional information
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while the M1 isoform is a highly active enzyme, the alternatively spliced M2 variant is considerably less active and expressed in tumors
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additional information
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M2-PK is specifically expressed in proliferating cells, such as embryonic stem cells, embryonic carcinoma cells, as well as cancer cells
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additional information
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M2-type pyruvate kinase isoenzyme is expressed in different differentiated cells and tissues as well as in all proliferating cells
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additional information
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tissue distribution
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