Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
expressed as GFP-fusion protein in tobacco BY-2 cells | Arabidopsis thaliana |
expressed as His-tag fusion protein in E. coli BL-21(DE3) Rosetta (pLysS), full-length and truncated GR2 sequences introduced into Escherichia coli, only the recombinant truncated GR2 is soluble, expression markedly improved by co-expression of the GroES/GroEL chaperone | Arabidopsis thaliana |
expressed in Escherichia coli BL-21(DE3) Rosetta (pLysS) cells and in Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 cells | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
DELTA1-43 | in contrast to the full length sequence yields a soluble protein when expressed in Escherichia coli | Arabidopsis thaliana |
DELTA2-45 | localizes in the cytosol instead of plastids | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADP+ | competitive | Arabidopsis thaliana |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0012 | - |
NADPH | with succinic semialdehyde as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
0.0012 | - |
NADPH | recombinant enzyme, using succinic semialdehyde as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
0.0014 | - |
NADPH | with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
0.0014 | - |
NADPH | recombinant enzyme, using glyoxylate as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
0.034 | - |
glyoxylate | with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
0.034 | - |
glyoxylate | recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
8.96 | - |
Succinic semialdehyde | with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
8.96 | - |
Succinic semialdehyde | recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5829 | - |
plastid | stroma | Arabidopsis thaliana | 9536 | - |
plastid | glyoxylate reductase 2 is localized within the plastid, presumably in the stroma | Arabidopsis thaliana | 9536 | - |
Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
35900 | - |
x * 35900, truncated enzyme from Escherichia coli including His-tag | Arabidopsis thaliana |
36000 | - |
SDS-PAGE | Arabidopsis thaliana |
36200 | - |
calculated from amino acid sequence | Arabidopsis thaliana |
36287 | - |
x * 36287, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | detoxification of glyoxylate during stress | glycolate + NADP+ | - |
ir | |
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ | Arabidopsis thaliana | detoxification of succinic semialdehyde during stress | 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | F4I907 | ecotype Columbia | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | F4I907 | putative uncharacterized protein At1g17650; ecotype Columbia | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9LSV0 | enzyme also displays 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.61) activity but with less efficiency; (L.) Heynh | - |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
nickel affinity column chromatography | Arabidopsis thaliana |
recombinant truncated protein using His-tag | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
leaf | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Storage Stability | Organism |
---|---|
-80°C, concentrated enzyme, can be stored for month | Arabidopsis thaliana |
-80°C, concentrated protein eluate from the affinity column, for months, enzyme activity is reasonably stable | Arabidopsis thaliana |
4°C, concentrated protein eluate from the affinity column, for hours, enzyme activity is reasonably stable | Arabidopsis thaliana |
4°C, diluted enzyme, storage during assays, activity starts to decrease within 30 min | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
glyoxylate + NADH | NADH much less effective than NADPH | Arabidopsis thaliana | glycolate + NAD+ | - |
ir | |
glyoxylate + NADH + H+ | NADH much less effective than NADPH | Arabidopsis thaliana | glycolate + NAD+ | - |
ir | |
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | glycolate + NADP+ | - |
ir | |
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ | detoxification of glyoxylate during stress | Arabidopsis thaliana | glycolate + NADP+ | - |
ir | |
glyoxylate + NADPH + H+ | glyoxylate reductase 2 has a 350fold higher preference for glyoxylate than for succinic semialdehyde | Arabidopsis thaliana | glycolate + NADP+ | - |
ir | |
additional information | glyoxylate reductase 2 is ineffective in catalysing the reverse reaction utilizing either glycolate or 6-phosphogluconate | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
succinic semialdehyde + NADH + H+ | NADH much less effective than NADPH | Arabidopsis thaliana | 4-hydroxybutyrate + NAD+ | - |
? | |
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ | detoxification of succinic semialdehyde during stress | Arabidopsis thaliana | 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ | reverse reaction less efficient than forward reaction | Arabidopsis thaliana | 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
succinic semialdehyde + NADPH + H+ | glyoxylate reductase 2 has a 350fold higher preference for glyoxylate than for succinic semialdehyde | Arabidopsis thaliana | 4-hydroxybutyrate + NADP+ | - |
ir |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
? | x * 35900, truncated enzyme from Escherichia coli including His-tag | Arabidopsis thaliana |
? | x * 36287, calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
AtGR1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
AtGR2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
glyoxylate reductase 1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
glyoxylate reductase 2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
GR2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
More | enzyme also displays 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (EC1.1.1.61) activity but with less efficiency | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
10.7 | - |
NADPH | with succinic semialdehyde as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
10.7 | - |
NADPH | recombinant enzyme, using succinic semialdehyde as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
12 | - |
NADPH | with glyoxylate as substrate, pH 7.6, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
12 | - |
NADPH | recombinant enzyme, using glyoxylate as fixed substrate, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
17 | - |
Succinic semialdehyde | with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
17 | - |
Succinic semialdehyde | recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
22.5 | - |
glyoxylate | with as NADPH as cofactor, pH 7.6, 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
22.5 | - |
glyoxylate | recombinant enzyme, in 50 mM HEPES (pH 7.6), at 30°C | Arabidopsis thaliana |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6.8 | 7.8 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
6.8 | 7.8 | with glyoxylate and NADPH | Arabidopsis thaliana |
pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
5.5 | 9 | approximately 10% of activity at pH 5.5 and 9 | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADH | much less effective than NADPH | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
NADPH | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
NADPH | glyoxylate reductase 2 uses either NADPH or NADH as a cofactor, however, much greater activity is found with NADPH | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Organism | Comment | pI Value Maximum | pI Value |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | calculated from amino acid sequence | - |
8.5 |
Arabidopsis thaliana | calculated from the deduced amino acid sequence | - |
8.54 |