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Literature summary for 1.14.16.2 extracted from

  • Liu, D.; Jin, L.; Wang, H.; Zhao, H.; Zhao, C.; Duan, C.; Lu, L.; Wu, B.; Yu, S.; Chan, P.; Li, Y.; Yang, H.
    Silencing alpha-synuclein gene expression enhances tyrosine hydroxylase activity in MN9D cells (2008), Neurochem. Res., 33, 1401-1409.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 1.14.16.2

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
additional information phosphorylation at Ser40 activates the enzyme, inhibition of alpha-synuclein, inhibiting enzyme phosphorylation, increases the enzyme activity Mus musculus

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information silencing alpha-synuclein gene expression by short hairpin RNA expression does not affect tyrosine hydroxylase expression but enhance tyrosine hydroxylase activity in MN9D cells by increasing TH Ser40 phosphorylation, overview Mus musculus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
additional information alpha-synuclein inhibits phosphorylation of the enzyme at Ser40 and enzyme activity, thereby regulating the dopamine level Mus musculus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 Mus musculus rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
 ?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 Mus musculus C57/BL6J rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Mus musculus
-
 C57BL/6J mice
-
Mus musculus C57/BL6J
-
 C57BL/6J mice
-

Posttranslational Modification

Posttranslational Modification Comment Organism
phosphoprotein phosphorylation at Ser40 activates the enzyme Mus musculus

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
MN9D cell a dopaminergic cell line, generated by fusion of rostral mesencephalic neurons from embryonic C57BL/6J mice with N18TG2 neuroblastoma cells Mus musculus
-
N18TG2 cell neuroblastoma cells Mus musculus
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
additional information
-
 tyrosine hydroxylase expression and activity in wild-type MN9D cells, in alpha-synuclein-deficient MN9D cells, and in MN9D cells transfected with alpha-synuclein, overview Mus musculus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
-
 Mus musculus 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
 ?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease Mus musculus 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
 ?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2
-
 Mus musculus C57/BL6J 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
 ?
L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine biosynthesis are enhanced by down-regulation of alpha-synuclein. Loss of functional alpha-synuclein may result in increased dopamine levels in neurons that may lead to cell injury or even death and is involved in Parkinson's disease Mus musculus C57/BL6J 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
tyrosine hydroxylase
-
 Mus musculus

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
37
-
 assay at Mus musculus

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
tetrahydrobiopterin
-
 Mus musculus