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Literature summary for 1.14.16.2 extracted from
- Differential regulation of human tyrosine hydroxylase isoforms 1 and 2 in situ: Isoform 2 is not phosphorylated at Ser35 (2009), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1793, 1860-1867.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | 50 ng/ml epidermal growth factor significantly increases the phosphorylation of Ser31 in isoform TH1, while no phosphorylation of Ser35 in isoform TH2 is detected, stimulation with epidermal growth factor does not result in any changes in the phosphorylation of Ser40/44 or Ser19 or TH protein levels | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | muscarine significantly increases the phosphorylation of Ser40/44 and induces a substantial increase in the phosphorylation of Ser19 in both isoform TH1 and TH2 cells | Homo sapiens | |
| additional information | stimulation with 0.01 mM forskolin significantly increases the phosphorylation of Ser40/44 in both isoform TH1 and TH2 cells. There is no significant difference in the level of forskolin-induced phosphorylation of Ser40/44 between isoform TH1 and TH2 cells. Ser31 phosphorylation levels are unchanged in isoform TH1, and phosphorylation of Ser35 is not detectable in isoform TH2 in either the control or stimulated cells, forskolin does not change Ser19 phosphorylation or total tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels in either cell type | Homo sapiens |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| expressed in SH-SY5Y cells | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | UO126 significantly inhibits the basal phosphorylation of Ser40 in isoform TH1, but does not inhibit the phosphorylation of Ser44 in isoform TH2 | Homo sapiens |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| phosphoprotein | phosphorylation of Ser40 directly increases tyrosine hydroxylase activity by inducing a 500fold increase in the rate of dissociation of the catecholamines from the high affinity site of tyrosine hydroxylase, phosphorylation of Ser31 induces a small (1.2-2fold) increase in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in vitro primarily by decreasing the KM for the cosubstrate tetrahydrobiopterin, prior phosphorylation of Ser19 or Ser31 is able to increase the rate of phosphorylation of Ser40 by approximately 3fold and 9fold, respectively. Isoform TH1 is phosphorylated at Ser31 in vitro by extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, while isoform TH2 cannot be phosphorylated at the equivalent Ser31 residue (Ser35) by extracellular signalregulated protein kinase. | Homo sapiens |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L-tyrosine + tetrahydrobiopterin + O2 | - |
Homo sapiens | 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine + 4a-hydroxytetrahydrobiopterin + H2O | - |
? |  |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| TH1 | isoform | Homo sapiens |
| TH2 | isoform | Homo sapiens |
| tyrosine hydroxylase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| tetrahydrobiopterin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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