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Literature summary for 1.21.3.1 extracted from

  • Castro, J.M.; Liras, P.; Laiz, L.; Cortes, J.; Martin, J.F.
    Purification and characterization of the isopenicillin N synthase of Streptomyces lactamdurans (1988), J. Gen. Microbiol., 134, 133-141.
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 1.21.3.1

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
ascorbic acid required Penicillium chrysogenum
ascorbic acid required Acremonium chrysogenum
ascorbic acid great stimulation Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
dithiothreitol required, stimulating Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
O2 required Penicillium chrysogenum
O2 required Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
O2 required Acremonium chrysogenum

Application

Application Comment Organism
synthesis direct enzymic synthesis of antibiotics Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
Co2+
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
Cu2+ slight inhibition Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
D-glucose 6-phosphate strong inhibition Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
glutathione slight inhibition Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
Mn2+ moderate inhibition Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
additional information
-
 Acremonium chrysogenum
additional information anions F-, I-, Br-, Cl-, NO3-, H2PO4-, (AsO3)3-, (SO4)2- do not affect the activity; cations Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe3+ do not affect the activity Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
additional information
-
 Penicillium chrysogenum
NH4+ inhibition of enzyme formation in vivo, no inhibitory effect in vitro Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
pyruvate slight inhibition Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
Zn2+ moderate inhibition Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.18
-
 delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytosol
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans 5829
-
cytosol
-
 Acremonium chrysogenum 5829
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Fe2+ required Penicillium chrysogenum
Fe2+ required Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
Fe2+ required Acremonium chrysogenum

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
26500
-
 gel filtration Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 Penicillium chrysogenum common step in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and cephamycins isopenicillin N + 2 H2O product has antibiotic activity ?
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans common step in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and cephamycins isopenicillin N + 2 H2O product has antibiotic activity ?
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 Acremonium chrysogenum common step in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and cephamycins isopenicillin N + 2 H2O product has antibiotic activity ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Acremonium chrysogenum
-
 i.e. Acremonium chrysogenum
-
Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
-
 i.e. Nocardia lactamdurans, NRRL 3802 var. JC 1843, cephamycin producing strain, Amy+ mutant
-
Penicillium chrysogenum
-
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

Reaction

Reaction Comment Organism Reaction ID
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 = isopenicillin N + 2 H2O removal of 4 hydrogen atoms to form the 4-membered beta-lactam and the 5-membered thiazolidine ring Penicillium chrysogenum
a
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 = isopenicillin N + 2 H2O removal of 4 hydrogen atoms to form the 4-membered beta-lactam and the 5-membered thiazolidine ring Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
a
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 = isopenicillin N + 2 H2O removal of 4 hydrogen atoms to form the 4-membered beta-lactam and the 5-membered thiazolidine ring Acremonium chrysogenum
a

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
mycelium
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans isopenicillin N + H2O
-
 r
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2
-
 Penicillium chrysogenum isopenicillin N + 2 H2O
-
 ?
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans isopenicillin N + 2 H2O
-
 ?
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2
-
 Acremonium chrysogenum isopenicillin N + 2 H2O
-
 ?
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 common step in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and cephamycins Penicillium chrysogenum isopenicillin N + 2 H2O product has antibiotic activity ?
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 common step in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and cephamycins Amycolatopsis lactamdurans isopenicillin N + 2 H2O product has antibiotic activity ?
N-[(5S)-5-amino-5-carboxypentanoyl]-L-cysteinyl-D-valine + O2 common step in the biosynthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and cephamycins Acremonium chrysogenum isopenicillin N + 2 H2O product has antibiotic activity ?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
monomer 1 * 26500, SDS-PAGE Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
IPN synthase ATP is not required, and therefore the enzyme should be named IPN synthase rather than IPN synthetase Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
IPNS
-
 Penicillium chrysogenum
IPNS
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans
IPNS
-
 Acremonium chrysogenum
isopenicillin N synthase (cyclase)
-
 Penicillium chrysogenum
isopenicillin N synthase (cyclase)
-
 Acremonium chrysogenum
isopenicillin N synthase (cyclase) ATP is not required, and therefore the enzyme should be named IPN synthase rather than IPN synthetase Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
25
-
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

Temperature Range [°C]

Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
15 35
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7
-
 pI 6.55 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans

pH Range

pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
5.8 9
-
 Amycolatopsis lactamdurans