Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | - |
Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADH + H+ | Homo sapiens | - |
L-proline + NAD+ | - |
? | |
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ | Homo sapiens | - |
L-proline + NADP+ | - |
? | |
L-pipecolate + NAD+ | Homo sapiens | - |
DELTA1-piperideine 6-carboxylate + NADH + H+ | - |
? | |
L-pipecolate + NADP+ | Homo sapiens | - |
DELTA1-piperideine 6-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | Q96C36 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
astrocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
neuron | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | L-proline + NAD+ | - |
? | |
1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | L-proline + NADP+ | - |
? | |
L-pipecolate + NAD+ | - |
Homo sapiens | DELTA1-piperideine 6-carboxylate + NADH + H+ | - |
? | |
L-pipecolate + NADP+ | - |
Homo sapiens | DELTA1-piperideine 6-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
aldimine reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Pyr5C reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
5 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens |
pH Minimum | pH Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
5 | 7 | about 60% higher reaction rate at pH 5.0 compared to pH 7.0 | Homo sapiens |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NAD+ | - |
Homo sapiens | |
NADH | - |
Homo sapiens | |
NADP+ | - |
Homo sapiens | |
NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
evolution | enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate and DELTA1-piperideine-6-carboxylate are aldimine reductases whereas enzymes that reduce DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate and DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate (P2C/Pyr2C) are ketimine reductases (KRs) | Homo sapiens |
metabolism | mammalian tissues contain a Pyr5C/P6C reductase that is distinct from Pyr2C/P2C reductase. In higher eukaryotes Pyr5C is also generated by a mitochondrial isozyme Pyr5C synthetase (isozyme PYCR1, UniProt ID P32322). Lysine/ornithine catabolism and interconnected pathways with 5-carbon amino acid (L-glutamate gamma-semialdehyde, L-glutamate, L-ornithine, L-proline) metabolism in mammalian tissues, overview. Although the ketimine reductase (KR) is important in the formation of L-pipecolate in the brain, it is also an important source of L-proline. This proline (via proline oxidase) in turn is an important source of Pyr5C and hence of glutamate and to a lesser extent ornithine | Homo sapiens |
physiological function | L-proline has important roles in mammalian bioenergetics, cellular redox control, apoptosis and cancer. In mammals, Pyr5C reductase exists in two isoforms: a short form is present in the intestine that is feedback inhibited by ornithine and may be important in the synthesis of L-arginine from L-glutamate in the intestine. On the other hand, most other tissues express a long form of DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, which is thought to be important in the synthesis of L-proline from L-glutamate | Homo sapiens |