Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
molecular biology | the gene is useful as a selectable marker for introducing foreign traits into rice when used with pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicides. The double-mutant W548L/S627I of the ALS gene from rice is not only helpful for introducing useful rice genes into rice by self-cloning as a host-derived selectable marker gene but also can extinguish the scientific concern for antibiotic-resistant genes, leading to minimize public concern for this issue in transgenic plants | Oryza sativa |
Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
ALS gene, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression of GST-tagged ALS wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain JM105. expression in transgenic Oryza sativa var. Nipponbare plants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfection method | Oryza sativa |
expression in Escherichia coli | Oryza sativa |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
A96T | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
A96V | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
F180R | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
M98E | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
M98H | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
M98I | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
additional information | several mutations, including deletion mutations W548deletion, P171deletion and S627deletion, reduce the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides, overview | Oryza sativa |
P171A | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
P171Q | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
P171S | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
R173A | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
R173E | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
S627D | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
S627F | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
S627I | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
S627N | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
S627T | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
W548C | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
W548F | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
W548L | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
W548L/S627I | a naturally occuring mutation, the recombinant enzyme shows resistance to multiple herbicides including pyrimidinylcarboxylate, sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, and shows stronger resistance to pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicides than to other herbicides. Bispyribac-sodium, a pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicide, has almost no effect on the enzyme at up to 100m M, which is an approximately 10000fold higher concentration than the concentration required for 50% inhibition of the wild-type. The resistance level of the double mutant W548L/S627I BS is stronger than the additive effect predicted from the degree of resistance of each single amino acid mutated ALS, phenotype, overview | Oryza sativa |
W548L/S627I | mutant confers resistance to multiple herbicides including pyrimidinylcarboxylate, sulfonylurea and imidazolinone herbicides, and shows stronger resistance to pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicides than to other herbicides. Bispyribac-sodium has almost no effect on the enzyme even at 100 mM, which is an approximately 10000fold higher concentration than the concentration required for 50% inhibition of the wild-type. The resistance level of W548L/S627I is stronger than the additive effect predicted from the degree of resistance of each single amino acid mutated. Transformed rice cells carrying this gene and a regenerated rice plant express resistance to bispyribac-sodium | Oryza sativa |
W548S | the naturally occuring mutation reduces the enzyme's sensitivity to herbicides | Oryza sativa |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
bensulfuron-methyl | a sulfonylurea herbicide; mutant W548L/S627I, 22% inhibition at 0.1 nM | Oryza sativa | |
bispyribac-sodium | almost no effect on the mutant W548L/S627I even at 100 mM, which is an approximately 10000fold higher concentration than the concentration required for 50% inhibition of the wild-type; a pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicide | Oryza sativa | |
chlorsulfuron | a sulfonylurea herbicide | Oryza sativa | |
imazapyr | an imidazolinon herbicide; mutant W548L/S627I, 27% inhibition at 0.1 nM | Oryza sativa | |
imazaquin | an imidazolinon herbicide | Oryza sativa | |
imazosulfuron | a sulfonylurea herbicide | Oryza sativa | |
pyrazosulfuron-ethyl | a sulfonylurea herbicide | Oryza sativa | |
pyriminobac | a pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicide; mutant W548L/S627I, 13% inhibition at 0.1 nM | Oryza sativa | |
pyrithiobac-sodium | a pyrimidinylcarboxylate herbicide; mutant W548L/S627I, 32% inhibition at 0.1 nM | Oryza sativa |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Mg2+ | - |
Oryza sativa |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 pyruvate | Oryza sativa | - |
2-acetolactate + CO2 | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Oryza sativa | Q6K2E8 | - |
- |
Oryza sativa | Q6K2E8 | var. Kinmaze | - |
Purification (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
recombinant GST-tagged wild-type and mutant enzymes from Escherichia coli strain JM105 by glutathione affinity chromatography | Oryza sativa |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
cell culture | - |
Oryza sativa | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2 pyruvate | - |
Oryza sativa | 2-acetolactate + CO2 | - |
? |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
30 | - |
assay at | Oryza sativa |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.5 | - |
assay at | Oryza sativa |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
FAD | - |
Oryza sativa | |
thiamine diphosphate | - |
Oryza sativa |
IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0000056 | - |
wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | bispyribac-sodium | |
0.00000563 | - |
pH 7.5, 30°C, wild-type enzyme, callus | Oryza sativa | bispyribac-sodium | |
0.000007 | - |
wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | bensulfuron-methyl | |
0.000008 | - |
wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | pyriminobac | |
0.000011 | - |
wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | pyrithiobac-sodium | |
0.000017 | - |
wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | chlorsulfuron | |
0.0000173 | - |
pH 7.5, 30°C, wild-type enzyme, callus | Oryza sativa | chlorsulfuron | |
0.00002 | - |
wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | ethyl 5-[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)aminocarbonylaminosulfonyl]-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylate | |
0.000025 | - |
wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | imazosulfuron | |
0.0000928 | - |
pH 7.5, 30°C, mutant enzyme, callus | Oryza sativa | chlorsulfuron | |
0.000093 | - |
mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | chlorsulfuron | |
0.000421 | - |
mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | bispyribac-sodium | |
0.000421 | - |
pH 7.5, 30°C, mutant enzyme, callus | Oryza sativa | bispyribac-sodium | |
0.00148 | - |
wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | imazaquin | |
0.00148 | - |
pH 7.5, 30°C, wild-type enzyme, callus | Oryza sativa | imazaquin | |
0.0096 | - |
wild-type, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | imazapyr | |
0.0167 | - |
mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | imazaquin | |
0.0167 | - |
pH 7.5, 30°C, mutant enzyme, callus | Oryza sativa | imazaquin | |
0.05 | - |
mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | pyrazosulfuron-ethyl | |
0.065 | - |
mutant W548L/S627I, pH 7.5, 30°C | Oryza sativa | imazosulfuron |