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Literature summary for 2.3.2.13 extracted from
- Transglutaminase activity regulates differentiation, migration and fusion of osteoclasts via affecting actin dynamics (2018), J. Cell. Physiol., 233, 7497-7513 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene Tgm1, quantitative RT-PCR expression analysis | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| monodansyl cadaverine | - |
Mus musculus |  |
| NC9 | potent inhibitor, NC9 inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, also inhibits differentiation, migration, and fusion of pre-osteoclasts as well as resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. NC9 increases RhoA levels and blocks podosome belt formation. The number of TRAP+ mononuclear pre-osteoclasts is significantly decreased by NC9 treatment for the first 2 days. The inhibitory effect ofNC9 on osteoclastogenesis as well as podosome belt formation is completely reversed with a Rho-family inhibitor Exoenzyme C3. Microtubule architecture, acetylation, and detyrosination of alpha-tubulin are not affected; potent inhibitor, NC9 inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, also inhibits differentiation, migration, and fusion of pre-osteoclasts as well as resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. NC9 increases RhoA levels and blocks podosome belt formation. The number of TRAP+ mononuclear pre-osteoclasts is significantly decreased by NC9 treatment for the first 2 days. The inhibitory effect ofNC9 on osteoclastogenesis as well as podosome belt formation is completely reversed with a Rho-family inhibitor Exoenzyme C3. Microtubule architecture, acetylation, and detyrosination of alpha-tubulin are not affected; potent inhibitor, NC9 inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, also inhibits differentiation, migration, and fusion of pre-osteoclasts as well as resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. NC9 increases RhoA levels and blocks podosome belt formation. The number of TRAP+ mononuclear pre-osteoclasts is significantly decreased by NC9 treatment for the first 2 days. The inhibitory effect ofNC9 on osteoclastogenesis as well as podosome belt formation is completely reversed with a Rho-family inhibitor Exoenzyme C3. Microtubule architecture, acetylation, and detyrosination of alpha-tubulin are not affected | Mus musculus | |
| T101 | - |
Mus musculus | |
| Z006 | - |
Mus musculus | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mus musculus | P21981 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus | Q8BH61 | - |
- |
| Mus musculus | Q9JLF6 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| bone marrow | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| macrophage | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| additional information | three TGs are expressed in macrophages and osteoclasts, i.e. TG1, TG2 and factor XIII-A, expression analysis of isozymes | Mus musculus | - |
| osteoclast | bone resorbing cells, derive from monocyte/macrophage cell lineage | Mus musculus | - |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| TG1 | - |
Mus musculus |
| TG2 | - |
Mus musculus |
| transglutaminase | - |
Mus musculus |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | transglutaminase (TG) inhibitors are capable of blocking the entire osteoclastogenesis process. The most potent of the inhibitors, NC9 when added to cultures at different phases of osteoclastogenesis, inhibits differentiation, migration, and fusion of pre-osteoclasts as well as resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. NC9 increases RhoA levels and blocks podosome belt formation. The number of TRAP+ mononuclear pre-osteoclasts is significantly decreased by NC9 treatment for the first 2 days. The inhibitory effect of NC9 on osteoclastogenesis as well as podosome belt formation is completely reversed with a Rho-family inhibitor Exoenzyme C3. Microtubule architecture, acetylation, and detyrosination of alpha-tubulin are not affected | Mus musculus |
| malfunction | transglutaminase (TG) inhibitors are capable of blocking the entire osteoclastogenesis process. The most potent of the inhibitors, NC9 when added to cultures at different phases of osteoclastogenesis, inhibits differentiation, migration, and fusion of pre-osteoclasts as well as resorption activity of mature osteoclasts. NC9 increases RhoA levels and blocks podosome belt formation. The number of TRAP+ mononuclear pre-osteoclasts is significantly decreased by NC9 treatment for the first 2 days. The inhibitory effect ofNC9 on osteoclastogenesis as well as podosome belt formation is completely reversed with a Rho-family inhibitor Exoenzyme C3. Microtubule architecture, acetylation, and detyrosination of alpha-tubulin are not affected | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | transglutaminase (TG) activity regulates differentiation, migration, and fusion of osteoclasts via affecting actin dynamics. TG activity regulates actin dynamics in pre-osteoclasts. Increased osteoclast activity is responsible for bone destruction in diseases such as osteoporosis, periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis. Analysis of the role of TG activity in osteoclastogenesis in vitro, overview. TG activity is required for pre-osteoclast migration | Mus musculus |
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