Literature summary for 2.7.7.7 extracted from

Choi, J.Y.; Eoff, R.L.; Pence, M.G.; Wang, J.; Martin, M.V.; Kim, E.J.; Folkmann, L.M.; Guengerich, F.P.
Roles of the four DNA polymerases of the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus and accessory proteins in DNA replication (2011), J. Biol. Chem., 286, 31180-31193.

Search for more literature for 2.7.7.7

Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism	Structure
proliferating cell nuclear antigen	DNA synthesis by any of the DNA polymerases alone is not very processive. The addition of proliferating cell nuclear antigen slightly increases primer extension only by DNA polymerase Dpo4 but not by DNA polymerase Dpo1, Dpo2, or Dpo3. Both proliferating cell nuclear antigen and replication factor C enhance primer extension substantially in the cases of DNA polymerase Dpo1, Dpo3, and Dpo4 (which generate much longer extension products up to about 150-, 65-, and 150-mers, respectively) but very weakly with DNA polymerase Dpo2, which generates slightly more products of similar length up to about 80-mers. The addition of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C, and single-stranded binding protein strongly increases DNA polymerization by Dpo1 and Dpo4, which yields extended products, mainly up to about 500-mers and 300-mers, respectively. An increase of the processivity of DNA synthesis in the presence of all accessory replication factors is the most prominent with Dpo1 and also with Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
Replication factor C	both proliferating cell nuclear antigen and replication factor C enhance primer extension substantially in the cases of DNA polymerase Dpo1, Dpo3, and Dpo4 (which generate much longer extension products up to about 150-, 65-, and 150-mers, respectively) but very weakly with DNA polymerase Dpo2, which generates slightly more products of similar length up to about 80-mers. The addition of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C, and single-stranded binding protein strongly increases DNA polymerization by Dpo1 and Dpo4, which yields extended products, mainly up to about 500-mers and 300-mers, respectively. An increase of the processivity of DNA synthesis in the presence of all accessory replication factors (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C, and single-stranded binding protein) is the most prominent with Dpo1 and also with Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
single-stranded binding protein	an increase of the processivity of DNA synthesis in the presence of all accessory replication factors (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C, and single-stranded binding protein) is the most prominent with Dpo1 and also with Dpo4 as compared with DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
single-stranded binding protein	an increase of the processivity of DNA synthesis in the presence of all accessory replication factors (proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C, and single-stranded binding protein) is the most prominent with Dpo1 and also with Dpo4 as compared woth DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
expression in Escherichia coli	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism	Structure
Replication factor C	DNA polymerization by Dpo2 and Dpo3 is strongly inhibited; DNA polymerization by Dpo2 and Dpo3 is strongly inhibited	Saccharolobus solfataricus
single-stranded binding protein	DNA polymerization by Dpo2 and Dpo3 is strongly inhibited; DNA polymerization by Dpo2 and Dpo3 is strongly inhibited; DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3 is remarkably decreased by single-stranded binding protein; DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3 is remarkably decreased by single-stranded binding protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM]	KM Value Maximum [mM]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
0.0084	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.0098	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo2	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.039	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.075	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.19	-	dGTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.39	-	dATP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.47	-	dGTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.69	-	dATP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.93	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
1.6	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
2.1	-	dATP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
2.5	-	dGTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
3.1	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
3.7	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo2	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Mg2+	DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3 are both more active with Mg2+ than Mn2+. DNA polymerase Dpo1 and Dpo4 are similarly active with Mg2+ or Mn2+	Saccharolobus solfataricus
Mn2+	DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3 are both more active with Mg2+ than Mn2+. DNA polymerase Dpo1 and Dpo4 are similarly active with Mg2+ or Mn2+	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Saccharolobus solfataricus	P26811	-	-
Saccharolobus solfataricus	P95979	-	-
Saccharolobus solfataricus	Q07635	-	-
Saccharolobus solfataricus	Q97W02	-	-
Saccharolobus solfataricus P2	P26811	-	-
Saccharolobus solfataricus P2	P95979	-	-
Saccharolobus solfataricus P2	Q07635	-	-
Saccharolobus solfataricus P2	Q97W02	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
-	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
dATP + DNAn	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus	?	-	?
dATP + DNAn	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus P2	?	-	?
dCTP + DNAn	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus	?	-	?
dCTP + DNAn	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus P2	?	-	?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn	proliferating cell nuclear antigen facilitates DNA synthesis with Dpo3, as with Dpo1 and Dpo4, but very weakly with Dpo2. DNA synthesis in the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C, and single-stranded binding protein is most processive with DNA polymerase Dpo1 in comparison to DNA polymerase Dpo3 and Dpo4. DNA lesion bypass DNA synthesis in the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C, and single-stranded binding protein is most effective with DNA polymerase Dpo4 in comparison to DNA polymerase Dpo1 and Dpo3. Both Dpo2 and Dpo3, but not Dpo1, bypass hypoxanthine and 8-oxoguanine. Dpo2 and Dpo3 bypass uracil and cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimer, respectively. DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3 possess very low DNA polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activities in vitro compared with Dpo1 and Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus	diphosphate + DNAn+1	-	?
deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNAn	proliferating cell nuclear antigen facilitates DNA synthesis with Dpo3, as with Dpo1 and Dpo4, but very weakly with Dpo2. DNA synthesis in the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C, and single-stranded binding protein is most processive with DNA polymerase Dpo1 in comparison to DNA polymerase Dpo3 and Dpo4. DNA lesion bypass DNA synthesis in the presence of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, replication factor C, and single-stranded binding protein is most effective with DNA polymerase Dpo4 in comparison to DNA polymerase Dpo1 and Dpo3. Both Dpo2 and Dpo3, but not Dpo1, bypass hypoxanthine and 8-oxoguanine. Dpo2 and Dpo3 bypass uracil and cis-syn cyclobutane thymine dimer, respectively. DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3 possess very low DNA polymerase and 3' to 5' exonuclease activities in vitro compared with Dpo1 and Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus P2	diphosphate + DNAn+1	-	?
dGTP + DNAn	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus	?	-	?
dGTP + DNAn	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus P2	?	-	?
dTTP + DNAn	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus	?	-	?
dTTP + DNAn	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus P2	?	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
DNA polymerase	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus
Dpo1	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus
Dpo2	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus
Dpo3	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus
Dpo4	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
37	-	assay at	Saccharolobus solfataricus
50	-	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus
60	-	-	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Temperature Range [°C]

Temperature Minimum [°C]	Temperature Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
25	60	the catalytic activities of DNA polymerase Dpo2 gradually increases from 25 to 50°C but abruptly decreases at 60°C, at which it is only20% of the activity at 50°C (and even lower than the activities at 37°C) and is abolished at 70 °C	Saccharolobus solfataricus
25	60	the catalytic activity of DNA polymerase Dpo3 gradually increases from 25 to 50°C but abruptly decreases at 60°C, at which it is 20% of the activity at 50°C (and even lower than the activity at 37°C) and is abolished at 70°C	Saccharolobus solfataricus
25	70	activities of DNA polymerase Dpo1 gradually increases from 25 to 60°C and is substantial even at 70°C, with40% of the activity at 60°C	Saccharolobus solfataricus
25	70	activity of DNA polymerase Dpo4 gradually increases from 25 to 60°C and is substantial even at 70°C, with60% of the activity at 60°C	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Temperature Stability [°C]

Temperature Stability Minimum [°C]	Temperature Stability Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
additional information	-	DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3 are more thermolabile than Dpo1 and Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
60	-	50 mM potassium HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) without any stabilizing agents. Activities of DNA polymerase Dpo2 and Dpo3 abruptly decrease to 5% of control activity following heat preincubation for only 5 and 10 min, respectively, and are completely abolished after 20 min of heat preincubation. Activities of DNA polymerase Dpo1 and Dpo4 are86% and 20% of control activity, respectively, even after 40 min of heat preincubation	Saccharolobus solfataricus
60	-	50 mM potassium HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) without any stabilizing agents. Activity of DNA polymerase Dpo1 is86% of control activity, respectively, even after 40 min of heat preincubation	Saccharolobus solfataricus
60	-	50 mM potassium HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) without any stabilizing agents. Activity of DNA polymerase Dpo3 abruptly decreases to 5% of control activity following heat preincubation for only 5 and 10 min, respectively, and is completely abolished after 20 min of heat preincubation	Saccharolobus solfataricus
60	-	50 mM potassium HEPES buffer (pH 7.5) without any stabilizing agents. Activity of DNA polymerase Dpo4 is 20% of control activity even after 40 min of heat preincubation	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s]	Turnover Number Maximum [1/s]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
0.0000072	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo2	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.000013	-	dGTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.000016	-	dATP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.000053	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo2	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.00011	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.00053	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.0018	-	dATP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.0068	-	dGTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.073	-	dATP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.096	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.15	-	dGTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.23	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.48	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
12	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
7.5	-	assay at	Saccharolobus solfataricus

Expression

Organism	Comment	Expression
Saccharolobus solfataricus	constitutively expressed in all growth phases. The expression levels of DNA polymerase Dpo1 and Dpo3 are an order of magnitude higher than for Dpo2 and Dpo4	additional information

kcat/KM [mM/s]

kcat/KM Value [1/mMs^-1]	kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs^-1]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
0.0000000019	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo2	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.000000041	-	dATP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.000000068	-	dGTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.00000012	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.00000086	-	dATP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.0000027	-	dGTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.0000054	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo2	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.0000071	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo3	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.000031	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.00011	-	dATP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.0003	-	dTTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.00032	-	dGTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.027	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo1	Saccharolobus solfataricus
0.31	-	dCTP	pH 7.5, 37°C, DNA polymerase Dpo4	Saccharolobus solfataricus

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)