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additional information
FLAG-Far2Far1491/515 and FLAG-Far2Far1466/515 are not degraded, suggesting that the C-terminal 8 amino acids of Far1 do not influence its plasmalogen-dependent degradation. FLAG-Far1 is largely resistant to trypsin digestion and is partially digested upon incubation with a large amount of trypsin
malfunction
in waterproof mutant embryos the formation of the outermost tracheal cuticle sublayer, the envelope is disrupted and the hydrophobic tracheal coating is damaged
malfunction
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enzyme mutation has significant effects on reducing cutin monomers and internal lipids, and altering the composition of cuticular wax in anthers. Moreover, loss of function of the enzyme significantly affects the expression of its four paralogous genes and five cloned lipid metabolic male-sterility genes in maize
malfunction
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knockdown of isoforms FAR5, 6, 11 or 15 is lethal and causes a slender body shape, while the old cuticles of the respective animals remain attached to the abdomen or failed to split open from the nota. Knockdown of isoform FAR9 results in a phenotype, with a smooth body surface and a decrease in cuticular hydrocarbon amounts. Knockdown of isoforms FAR1, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11 and 13 additionally results in female adult infertility
metabolism
degradation of Far1 is accelerated by inhibiting dynamin-, Src kinase-, or flotillin-1-mediated endocytosis without increasing the cellular level of plasmalogens. Far1 is stabilized by sequestering cholesterol with nystatin
metabolism
fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FARs) are key enzymes involved in fatty alcohol synthesis
metabolism
isoform FAR1 is involved in the biosynthesis of primary alcohols in the leaf blades of Aegilops tauschii
metabolism
isoform FAR2 is involved in the biosynthesis of primary alcohols in the leaf blades of Aegilops tauschii
metabolism
isoform FAR3 is involved in the biosynthesis of primary alcohols in the leaf blades of Aegilops tauschii
metabolism
isoform FAR4 is involved in the biosynthesis of primary alcohols in the leaf blades of Aegilops tauschii
metabolism
isoform FAR6 is involved in the biosynthesis of primary alcohols in the leaf blades of Aegilops tauschii
physiological function
Arabidopsis cer4 mutants exhibit major decreases in stem primary alcohols and wax esters, and slightly elevated levels of aldehydes, alkanes, secondary alcohols, and ketones. C24, C26, and C28 primary alcohols are reduced to trace amounts in the stem wax of mutant lines. Expression of CER4 cDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in the accumulation of C24:0 and C26:0 primary alcohols
physiological function
expression of a cDNA in Escherichia coli confers fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase activity upon those cells and results in the accumulation of fatty alcohols. Upon expression in embryos of Brassica napus, long-chain alcohols can be detected in transmethylated seed oils. In addition to free alcohols, novel wax esters are detected in the transgenic seed oils
physiological function
in a T-DNA-insertion mutant, suberin composition of root and seed coat is reduced in C18:0 primary alcohol, and wounding does not induce an increase in C18:0 primary alcohol. Heterologous expression in yeast confirms that FAR4 is an active alcohol-forming fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase
physiological function
in a T-DNA-insertion mutant, suberin composition of root and seed coat is reduced in C20:0 primary alcohol, and wounding does not induce an increase in C20:0 primary alcohol. Heterologous expression in yeast confirms that FAR4 is an active alcohol-forming fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase
physiological function
in a T-DNA-insertion mutant, suberin composition of root and seed coat is reduced in C22:0 primary alcohol, and wounding does not induce an increase in C22:0 primary alcohol. Heterologous expression in yeast confirms that FAR1 is an active alcohol-forming fatty acyl-coenzyme A reductase
physiological function
expression in yeast leads to production of mainly 18:0 and 16:0 alcohols, which account for 57% and 29% of the total fatty alcohol production respectively, while18:1-0H and 20:0-OH are formed in lower quantities
physiological function
expression of FAR1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in the Arabidopsis thaliana cer4-3 mutant leads to production of C22 primary alcohol and C22-C24 primary alcohols, respectively, and expression in Solanum lycopersicum cv MicroTom leaves and fruits results in the accumulation of C26-C30 primary alcohols and C30-C34 primary alcohols, respectively. A nullisomic-tetrasomic wheat line lacking FAR1 has significantly reduced levels of primary alcohols in its leaf blade and anther wax
physiological function
involved in biosynthesis of primary alcohols of leaf blade cuticular wax in wheat. Expression of FAR5 cDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to production of C22:0 primary alcohol. Expression in Solanum lycopersicum cv MicroTom leaves results in the accumulation of C26:0, C28:0, and C30:0 primary alcohols
physiological function
fatty acyl-CoA reductases (FARs) are key enzymes involved in fatty alcohol synthesis, fatty alcohols are not only the precursors of sex pheromone components but also the precursors of wax-ester in insects. The two FAR genes, PsFAR I and PsFAR II, show different expression patterns during insect development and after pesticide treatment, suggesting that they play different roles in insect development and detoxification against pesticides
physiological function
peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA reductase 1 (Far1) is essential for supplying fatty alcohols required for ether bond formation in ether glycerophospholipid synthesis. The stability of Far1 is regulated by a mechanism that is dependent on cellular plasmalogen levels. Far1, but not Far2, is preferentially degraded in response to the cellular level of plasmalogens. Far1 is a rate-limiting enzyme for plasmalogen synthesis. The transmembrane-flanking region of Far1 is required for its plasmalogen-dependent degradation
physiological function
Waterproof, encoding a fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR), is essential for the gas filling of the tracheal tubes during Drosophila embryogenesis, and does not affect branch network formation or key tracheal maturation processes. A non-cell-autonomous waterproof function for the beginning of the tracheal gas filling process, overview. Waterproof plays a key role in tracheal gas filling by providing very long chain fatty alcohols that serve as potential substrates for wax ester synthesis or related hydrophobic substances that ultimately coat the inner lining of the trachea. The hydrophobicity in turn reduces the tensile strength of the liquid inside the trachea, leading to the formation of a gas bubble, the focal point for subsequent gas filling. Enzyme activity is specifically required for the tracheal liquid clearance (LC). Waterproof is essential for outer envelope formation of the tracheal cuticle
physiological function
isoform FAR1 is involved in (Z)-11-hexadecenal production in female prostate gland and male tarsi
physiological function
isoform FAR1 is involved in cuticular wax primary alcohol biosynthesis
physiological function
isoform FAR2 is involved in cuticular wax primary alcohol biosynthesis
physiological function
isoform FAR3 is involved in cuticular wax primary alcohol biosynthesis
physiological function
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isoform FAR4 is essential for the production of root suberin-associated fatty alcohols, especially under stress conditions
physiological function
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the enzyme is critical for anther and pollen development in maize
physiological function
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the enzyme promotes wax ester accumulation in Rhodococcus jostii RHA1
physiological function
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involved in biosynthesis of primary alcohols of leaf blade cuticular wax in wheat. Expression of FAR5 cDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae leads to production of C22:0 primary alcohol. Expression in Solanum lycopersicum cv MicroTom leaves results in the accumulation of C26:0, C28:0, and C30:0 primary alcohols
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