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(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+

(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
-
-
?
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H+
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
(2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate i.e. (2S)-2-acetolactate
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+

2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NAD+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+

2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-acetolactate + NADPH + H+
2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
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additional information
NADH
0.015
NADH

mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D/E59K/T182S/E320K, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.024
NADH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.026
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V/D146G/G185R/K433E , pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.03
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.03
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.039
NADH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.04
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.045
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.047
NADH
mutant S61D/S63D/I95V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.065
NADH
mutant S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.075
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78AD/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.09
NADH
mutant R76D/Ser78D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.108
NADH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.113
NADH
mutant S61D/S63D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.128
NADH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52E/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.13
NADH
mutant S78D, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.14
NADH
mutant Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.28
NADH
mutant Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.285
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.415
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1.075
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1.08
NADH
wild-type, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.001
NADPH

wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.001
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.013
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.013
NADPH
mutant Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.024
NADPH
mutant Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.031
NADPH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.04
NADPH
wild-type, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.041
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.046
NADPH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.065
NADPH
mutant S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.57
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.6
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78AD/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.65
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.65
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.66
NADPH
mutant S78D, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.75
NADPH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D/E59K/T182S/E320K, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.88
NADPH
mutant S61D/S63D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1
NADPH
mutant R76D/Ser78D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1
NADPH
mutant S61D/S63D/I95V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1
NADPH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1.18
NADPH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52E/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1.4
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V/D146G/G185R/K433E , pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
additional information
NADH

-
Km-value for NADH is below 0.001 mM, pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
additional information
NADPH
-
Km-value for NADPH is below 0.001 mM, pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
0.02
NADH

-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.06
NADH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.1
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.12
NADH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.3
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.3
NADH
wild-type, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.35
NADH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52E/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.4
NADH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.41
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.97
NADH
mutant S61D/S63D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1.01
NADH
mutant S61D/S63D/I95V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1.07
NADH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D/E59K/T182S/E320K, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1.1
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
1.3
NADH
mutant R76D/Ser78D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
2
NADH
mutant S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
2.3
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
2.3
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
2.4
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78AD/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
2.6
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
3.1
NADH
mutant Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
3.3
NADH
mutant Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
3.6
NADH
mutant S78D, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
4.3
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V/D146G/G185R/K433E , pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.03
NADPH

-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.06
NADPH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52E/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.07
NADPH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.08
NADPH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.1
NADPH
mutant R76D/Ser78D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.1
NADPH
mutant S61D/S63D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.12
NADPH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
0.2
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.2
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.25
NADPH
mutant S61D/S63D/I95V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.3
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78AD/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.35
NADPH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D/E59K/T182S/E320K, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.54
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V/D146G/G185R/K433E , pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.6
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.8
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.8
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
2.2
NADPH
mutant S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
2.5
NADPH
mutant S78D, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
3.6
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
3.6
NADPH
wild-type, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
4.5
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
7.2
NADPH
mutant Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
7.2
NADPH
mutant Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
additional information
NADH
0.3
NADH

wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.3
NADH
wild-type, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
0.43
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
2.5
NADH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
2.6
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
2.7
NADH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52E/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
3.2
NADH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
3.7
NADH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
9
NADH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
9
NADH
mutant S61D/S63D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
11
NADH
mutant Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
14
NADH
mutant R76D/Ser78D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
22
NADH
mutant S61D/S63D/I95V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
24.8
NADH
mutant Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
27.6
NADH
mutant S78D, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
31.8
NADH
mutant S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
32
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78AD/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
60.3
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
71
NADH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D/E59K/T182S/E320K, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
74
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
74
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
165
NADH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V/D146G/G185R/K433E , pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.05
NADPH

mutant V48L/R49P/K52E/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.08
NADPH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.11
NADPH
mutant S61D/S63D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.17
NADPH
mutant R76D/Ser78D, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.25
NADPH
mutant S61D/S63D/I95V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.4
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.4
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V/D146G/G185R/K433E , pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.47
NADPH
mutant V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D/E59K/T182S/E320K, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.5
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78AD/Q110V, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
0.5
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
1.1
NADPH
mutant A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
2.1
NADPH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
2.7
NADPH
-
pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
3.8
NADPH
mutant S78D, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
34.2
NADPH
mutant S78D/Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
65
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
87.3
NADPH
wild-type, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
88
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
302
NADPH
mutant Q110A, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
569
NADPH
mutant Q110V, pH 7.0, temperature not specified in the publication
800
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
4500
NADPH
wild-type, pH not specified in the publication, temperature not specified in the publication
additional information
NADH

-
kcat/Km-value for NADH is above 20/mM*s, pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
additional information
NADPH
-
kcat/Km-value for NADPH is above 25/mM*s, pH 7, temperature not specified in the publication, cosubstrate: (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-3-oxobutanoate
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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A71S
mutant engineered to use NADH instead of NADPH
A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110A
mutant engineered to use NADH instead of NADPH
A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V/D146G/G185R/K433E
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
Q110A
mutant engineered to use NADH instead of NADPH
Q110V
mutant engineered to use NADH instead of NADPH
R76D
mutant engineered to use NADH instead of NADPH
S78D
mutant engineered to use NADH instead of NADPH
S78D/Q110V
mutant engineered to use NADH instead of NADPH
V48L/R49P/K52E/S53D
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D/E59K/T182S/E320K
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
V48L/R49P/K52E/S53D
-
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
-
V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D
-
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
-
V48L/R49P/K52L/S53D/E59K/T182S/E320K
-
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
-
A71S/R76D/S78AD/Q110V
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
R76D/Ser78D
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
A71S/R76D/S78AD/Q110V
-
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
-
R76D/Ser78D
-
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
-
S61D/S63D
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
S61D/S63D/I95V
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
S61D/S63D
-
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
-
S61D/S63D/I95V
-
mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
-
additional information
recipe for altering the cofactor specificity of the ketol-acid reductoisomerases (KARIs). Combining results for an engineered NADH-dependent variant of Escherichia coli KARI with available KARI crystal structures and a comprehensive KARI-sequence alignment, key cofactor specificity determinants are identified and used to construct KARIs with reversed cofactor preference
A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V

mutant engineered for reversal in cofactor specificity for NADH over NADPH
A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V
mutant engineered to use NADH instead of NADPH
A71S/R76D/S78D/Q110V
strain engineered to switch the cofactor specificity fromNADPH to NADH, application in an engineered Escherichia coli strain, enabling comprehensive utilization of the biomass for biofuel applications
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biofuel production

a cytosolically located, cofactor-balanced isobutanol pathway, consisting of a mosaic of bacterial enzymes is expressed in Sacchaormyces cerevisiae. In aerobic cultures, the pathway intermediate isobutyraldehyde is oxidized to isobutyrate rather than reduced to isobutanol. Significant concentrations of the pathway intermediates 2,3-dihydroxyisovalerate and alpha-ketoisovalerate, as well as diacetyl and acetoin, accumulate extracellularly. While the engineered strain cannot grow anaerobically, micro-aerobic cultivation results in isobutanol formation at a yield of 0.018 mol/mol glucose. Simultaneously, 2,3-butanediol is produced at a yield of 0.64 mol/molglucose
biofuel production
combination of high activity alcohol dehydrogenase YqhD mutants with IlvC mutants, both accepting NADH as a redox cofactor, in an engineered Escherichia coli strain, enabling comprehensive utilization of the biomass for biofuel applications. The refined strain, shows an increased fusel alcohol yield of about 60% compared to wild type under anaerobic fermentation on amino acid mixtures.When applied to real algal protein hydrolysates, the strain produces 100% and 38% more total mixed alcohols than the wild type strain on two different algal hydrolysates, respectively
biofuel production
Recent work has demonstrated glucose to isobutanol conversion through a modified amino acid pathway in a recombinant organism. We demonstrate that an NADH-dependent pathway enables anaerobic isobutanol production at 100% theoretical yield and at higher titer and productivity than both the NADPH-dependent pathway and transhydrogenase over-expressing strain
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Cahn, J.K.; Brinkmann-Chen, S.; Spatzal, T.; Wiig, J.A.; Buller, A.R.; Einsle, O.; Hu, Y.; Ribbe, M.W.; Arnold, F.H.
Cofactor specificity motifs and the induced fit mechanism in Class I ketol-acid reductoisomerases
Biochem. J.
468
475-484
2015
Azotobacter vinelandii (C1DFH7), Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC BAA-1303 (C1DFH7)
brenda
Brinkmann-Chen, S.; Cahn, J.K.; Arnold, F.H.
Uncovering rare NADH-preferring ketol-acid reductoisomerases
Metab. Eng.
26C
17-22
2014
Metallosphaera sedula, Hydrogenobaculum sp. Y04AAS1, Ignisphaera aggregans
brenda
Wu, W.; Tran-Gyamfi, M.; Jaryenneh, J.; Davis, R.
Cofactor engineering of ketol-acid reductoisomerase (IlvC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (YqhD) improves the fusel alcohol yield in algal protein anaerobic fermentation
Algal Res.
19
162-167
2016
Escherichia coli (P05793)
-
brenda
Milne, N.; Wahl, S.; van Maris, A.; Pronk, J.; Daran, J.
Excessive by-product formation: A key contributor to low isobutanol yields of engineered
Metab. Eng. Commun.
3
39-51
2016
Escher