Any feedback?
Please rate this page
(enzyme.php)
(0/150)

BRENDA support

Disease on EC 1.1.3.22 - xanthine oxidase

Please use the Disease Search for a specific query.
Please wait a moment until all data is loaded. This message will disappear when all data is loaded.
DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Aberrant Crypt Foci
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate inhibits azoxymethane-induced colonic aberrant crypt foci in rats.
Chemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis by a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate.
Y-700, a novel inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, suppresses the development of colon aberrant crypt foci and cell proliferation in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated mice.
Abortion, Spontaneous
Rate of caffeine metabolism and risk of spontaneous abortion.
Achlorhydria
[Stress-responsive systems in the rat pancreas upon long-term gastric hypochlorhydria and administration of multiprobiotic "Symbiter"].
Acidosis
Hypercapnic acidosis may attenuate acute lung injury by inhibition of endogenous xanthine oxidase.
Red blood cells prevent inhibition of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction by nitrite in isolated, perfused rat lungs.
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Elevated levels of xanthine oxidase in serum of patients with inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Acute Kidney Injury
A semi-mechanistic exposure-response model to assess the effects of verinurad, a potent URAT1 inhibitor, on serum and urine uric acid in patients with hyperuricemia-associated diseases.
Acute uric acid nephropathy.
An evaluation of antioxidant effects on recovery from postischemic acute renal failure.
Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition on ischemic acute renal failure in the rat.
Febuxostat exerts dose-dependent renoprotection in rats with cisplatin-induced acute renal injury.
The prophylactic protective effect of sesamol against ferric-nitrilotriacetate-induced acute renal injury in mice.
Xanthine oxidase: evidence against a causative role in renal reperfusion injury.
Acute Lung Injury
Acute lung injury following pancreas ischaemia-reperfusion: role of xanthine oxidase.
Effects of inhaled NO and inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis in oxidant-induced acute lung injury.
Febuxostat protects rats against lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in a dose-dependent manner.
Hypercapnic acidosis may attenuate acute lung injury by inhibition of endogenous xanthine oxidase.
In vivo damage of rat lungs by oxygen metabolites.
Methylene blue attenuates pancreas ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced lung injury: a dose response study in a rat model.
The xanthine oxidase inhibitor Febuxostat reduces tissue uric acid content and inhibits injury-induced inflammation in the liver and lung.
Topiroxostat ameliorates oxidative stress and inflammation in sepsis-induced lung injury.
Upregulation of xanthine oxidase by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1, and hypoxia. Role in acute lung injury.
Xanthine oxidase is increased and contributes to paraquat-induced acute lung injury.
adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
Crystalline Nephropathy due to APRT Deficiency: A Preventable Cause of Renal and Renal Allograft Failure.
Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for the screening of disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Adenocarcinoma of Lung
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha alters response of lung cancer cells to oxidative stress.
Adenoma
Changes in free radical scavengers and lipid peroxide in thyroid glands of various thyroid disorders.
Adenomatous Polyposis Coli
Caffeine phenotyping of cytochrome P4501A2, N-acetyltransferase, and xanthine oxidase in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.
Oxidative stress in familial adenomatous polyposis.
Adenomyosis
Xanthine oxidase in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis.
adenosine deaminase deficiency
Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry of purine and pyrimidine markers of inherited metabolic disorders.
Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for the screening of disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Albuminuria
Apoptosis induced by an uromodulin mutant C112Y and its suppression by topiroxostat.
Effect of Intensive Urate Lowering With Combined Verinurad and Febuxostat on Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial.
Xanthine oxidase and uric acid as independent predictors of albuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Alzheimer Disease
Invited review: Bovine milk fat globule membrane as a potential nutraceutical.
Anaphylaxis
Inhibition of oxidative enzymes by anti-allergy drugs.
Anemia
Increased oxidative stress alters nucleosides metabolite levels in sickle cell anemia.
The caffeine metabolic ratio as an index of xanthine oxidase activity in clinically active and silent celiac patients.
The effect of xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine on the permeability of red cells from patients with sickle cell anemia.
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Increased oxidative stress alters nucleosides metabolite levels in sickle cell anemia.
Oxygen radical inhibition of nitric oxide-dependent vascular function in sickle cell disease.
The effect of xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine on the permeability of red cells from patients with sickle cell anemia.
Xanthine Oxidase Drives Hemolysis and Vascular Malfunction in Sickle Cell Disease.
Aneurysm
Increased oxidative stress and xanthine oxidase activity in human ruptured cerebral aneurysms.
Prooxidant iron and copper, with ferroxidase and xanthine oxidase activities in human atherosclerotic material.
Angina Pectoris
Pharmacotherapy: Xanthine oxidase inhibition for relief of angina pectoris.
[Xanthine oxidase in homogenized cow's milk and Oster's hypothesis: a review]
Angina, Stable
Cardiac and renal protective effects of urate-lowering therapy.
Anthracosis
[Oxidative injury and serum cytokines in coal workers with pneumoconiosis]
Aortic Aneurysm
Increased oxidative stress and xanthine oxidase activity in human ruptured cerebral aneurysms.
Apnea
Competitive apnea diving sessions induces an adaptative antioxidant response in mononucleated blood cells.
Arrhythmias, Cardiac
Non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning reduces oxidative stress and attenuates myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.
Noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by a mitochondrial K(ATP) channel-dependent mechanism.
Serum uric acid level is associated with reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction.
Arthritis
Effects of allopurinol on in vivo suppression of arthritis in mice and ex vivo modulation of phagocytic production of oxygen radicals in whole human blood.
Enhanced oral bioavailability and anti-gout activity of [6]-shogaol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles.
Gout - a guide for the general and acute physicians.
Kinetic study on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase by extracts from two selected Algerian plants traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Structure-based design and biological evaluation of novel 2-(indol-2-yl) thiazole derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory properties of Czech medicinal plants.
[Oxygen free radicals mediate an inhibition of DNA and matrix proteoglycan, collagen synthesis in cultured human embryo chondrocytes]
[Purine metabolism enzymes in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of osteoarthritis and gout arthritis]
[The relationship between antipyrine kinetics, the seromucoid content and the xanthine oxidase activity in the plasma of rats with acute and chronic inflammation]
[Xanthine oxidase activity: O2-dependent and NAD+-dependent forms in the liver, in rats with adjuvant arthritis and hepatitis]
Arthritis, Experimental
[Xanthine oxidase activity: O2-dependent and NAD+-dependent forms in the liver, in rats with adjuvant arthritis and hepatitis]
Arthritis, Gouty
Association of Serum Uric Acid and Incident Nonspine Fractures in Elderly Men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study.
Corrigendum to "Pharmacological Basis for Use of Selaginella moellendorffii in Gouty Arthritis: Antihyperuricemic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition".
Development of benzoxazole deoxybenzoin oxime and acyloxylamine derivatives targeting innate immune sensors and xanthine oxidase for treatment of gout.
Effects of pharmacological reversal of hyperuricemia on features of the metabolic syndrome in patients with gouty arthritis.
In vitro xanthine oxidase and albumin denaturation inhibition assay of Barringtonia racemosa L. and total phenolic content analysis for potential anti-inflammatory use in gouty arthritis.
In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory and in vivo hypouricemic activity of herbal coded formulation (Gouticin).
Innovative HPTLC method with fluorescence detection for assessment of febuxostat-montelukast combination and study of their protective effects against gouty arthritis.
Novel Carbon Dots Derived from Puerariae lobatae Radix and Their Anti-Gout Effects.
Therapeutic Efficacy of Urinile Against Gouty Arthritis.
[New and emerging drugs for uric arthritis].
Arthritis, Rheumatoid
Comparison of xanthine oxidase levels in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other joint inflammations.
Asthma
Aberrant purine metabolism in allergic asthma revealed by plasma metabolomics.
Nitrative stress in refractory asthma.
[Enzymes of purine metabolism of lymphocytes and eosinophiles in bronchial asthma]
Asymptomatic Infections
Posttranslational ruling of xanthine oxidase activity in bovine milk by its substrates.
Atherosclerosis
Absorption of xanthine oxidase from the intestines of rats and rabbits and its role in initiation of atherosclerosis.
Angiotensin II induces endothelial xanthine oxidase activation: role for endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary disease.
Atherosclerosis and oxidative stress.
Evaluation of serum cholesterol reduction and xanthine oxidase inhibition in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
Harnessing hyperuricemia to atherosclerosis and understanding its mechanistic dependence.
Homogenized milk and atherosclerotic disease: a review.
Oster rediscovered--mega-dose folate for symptomatic atherosclerosis.
Oxidative stress in atherogenesis and arterial thrombosis: the disconnect between cellular studies and clinical outcomes.
Potential natural inhibitors of xanthine oxidase and HMG-CoA reductase in cholesterol regulation: in silico analysis.
Purine catabolism in advanced carotid artery plaque.
Role of oxidative stress in atherosclerosis.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition by febuxostat attenuates experimental atherosclerosis in mice.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor tungsten prevents the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice fed a Western-type diet.
Atrial Fibrillation
Antiremodeling Effect of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition in a Canine Model of Atrial Fibrillation.
Effects of febuxostat on atrial remodeling in a rabbit model of atrial fibrillation induced by rapid atrial pacing.
Xanthine oxidase and uric Acid in atrial fibrillation.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Prevents Atrial Fibrillation in a Canine Model of Atrial Pacing-Induced left Ventricular Dysfunction.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat reduces atrial fibrillation susceptibility by inhibition of oxidized CaMKII in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Bacterial Infections
Enzymes involved in purine metabolism--a review of histochemical localization and functional implications.
Balkan Nephropathy
Local and Systemic Oxidative Stress in Balkan Endemic Nephropathy Is Not Associated with Xanthine Oxidase Activity.
Behcet Syndrome
The activities of serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase enzymes in Behcet's disease.
Blister
Role of intracellular calcium in superoxide-induced hepatocyte injury.
Bloom Syndrome
Comet assay analysis of repair of DNA strand breaks in normal and deficient human cells exposed to radiations and chemicals. Evidence for a repair pathway specificity of DNA ligation.
Bone Resorption
Hydrogen peroxide, but not superoxide, stimulates bone resorption in mouse calvariae.
Xanthine oxidase mediates cytokine-induced, but not hormone-induced bone resorption.
Brain Diseases
[Double deficiency of sulfite and xanthine oxidase causing encephalopathy and due to a hereditary anomaly in the metabolism of molybdenum]
Brain Edema
Brain injury, edema, and vascular permeability changes induced by oxygen-derived free radicals.
Proposed toxic oxidant inhibitors fail to reduce brain edema.
Xanthine oxidase-derived hydrogen peroxide contributes to ischemia reperfusion-induced edema in gerbil brains.
Brain Injuries
Allopurinol pretreatment improves evoked response recovery following global cerebral ischemia in dogs.
Deoxycoformycin and oxypurinol: protection against focal ischemic brain injury in the rat.
Free radical pathways in CNS injury.
Oxypurinol administration fails to prevent hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats.
The effect of infusing hypoxanthine or xanthine on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rabbits.
Brain Injuries, Traumatic
Increased xanthine oxidase activity after traumatic brain injury in rats.
Brain Ischemia
Activated oxygen and arachidonate effects on newborn cerebral arterioles.
Allopurinol and dimethylthiourea reduce brain infarction following middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.
Allopurinol pretreatment improves evoked response recovery following global cerebral ischemia in dogs.
Changes in xanthine oxidase in ischemic rat brain.
Effect of allopurinol in focal cerebral ischemia in rats: an experimental study.
Oxidative stress in brain ischemia.
Phospholipase A(2), reactive oxygen species, and lipid peroxidation in cerebral ischemia.
Role of xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase in focal cerebral ischemic injury to rat.
Xanthine oxidase is not a major source of free radicals in focal cerebral ischemia.
Xanthine oxidase-induced neuronal death via the oxidation of NADH: prevention by micromolar EDTA.
[Lipid peroxidation and changes in xanthine oxidase in cerebral ischemia]
Brain Neoplasms
Antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin.
Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on xanthine oxidase.
Inhibitory effects of phenolics on xanthine oxidase.
Xanthine oxidase levels in human brain tumors.
Breast Neoplasms
Dietary menhaden oil enhances mitomycin C antitumor activity toward human mammary carcinoma MX-1.
Molybdenum, xanthine oxidase and riboflavin levels in tamoxifen treated postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
Reactive oxygen species derived from xanthine oxidase interrupt dimerization of breast cancer resistance protein, resulting in suppression of uric acid excretion to the intestinal lumen.
Serum xanthine oxidase in breast carcinoma.
The emerging role of xanthine oxidase inhibition for suppression of breast cancer cell migration and metastasis associated with hypercholesterolemia.
Bronchitis
Elevated level of renal xanthine oxidase mRNA transcription after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection in growing layers.
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Bronchoalveolar oxyradical inflammatory elements herald bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Burkitt Lymphoma
Distinct modes of cell death induced by different reactive oxygen species: amino acyl chloramines mediate hypochlorous acid-induced apoptosis.
Carcinogenesis
Basis for the anti-tumor and chemopreventive activities of glucarate and the glucarate:retinoid combination.
Chemoprevention of azoxymethane-induced rat colon carcinogenesis by a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate.
Chemopreventive effect of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate, on rat oral carcinogenesis.
Effect of dietary molybdenum on esophageal carcinogenesis in rats induced by N-methyl-N-benzylnitrosamine.
Pharmacologically active tannins isolated from medicinal plants.
Progress towards the discovery of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Studies on the mechanism of liver-carcinogenesis by certain aminoazo dyes. II. The hepatic formaldehyde dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities of rats and mice in relation to DAB carcinogenesis.
Studies on xanthine oxidase during carcinogenesis by p-dimethylaminoazobenzene.
The inhibition of DMBA-induced carcinogenesis by neoxanthin in hamster buccal pouch.
Xanthine oxidase acitivity in progressive spontaneous mammary carcinogenesis.
Xanthine oxidase activity during mammary carcinogenesis in mice.
Y-700, a novel inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, suppresses the development of colon aberrant crypt foci and cell proliferation in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated mice.
[Xanthine oxydase activity in the rat liver tissue in the process oncogenesis]
Carcinoma
A novel cancer therapy based on oxygen radicals.
Adenosine deaminase, 5' nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in cancerous and noncancerous human laryngeal tissues.
Adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities and malondialdehyde levels in the sera of patients with head and neck carcinoma.
Changes in free radical scavengers and lipid peroxide in thyroid glands of various thyroid disorders.
Dietary menhaden oil enhances mitomycin C antitumor activity toward human mammary carcinoma MX-1.
Elevated levels of xanthine oxidase in serum of patients with inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Increased amidophosphoribosyltransferase and decreased xanthine oxidase activity in human and rat renal cell carcinoma.
Serum xanthine oxidase in bladder carcinoma.
Serum xanthine oxidase in carcinoma breast.
[Xanthine oxidase activity in transplantable Guerin's carcinoma in rats]
[Xanthine oxydase activity in the rat liver tissue in the process oncogenesis]
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
Febuxostat improves outcome in a rat model of cancer cachexia.
Imbalance of purine metabolism in hepatomas of different growth rates as expressed in behavior of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2).
Inhibitory effect of ascorbic Acid on the proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells in culture.
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on the invasion of rat ascites hepatoma cells in vitro and ex vivo.
Inhibitory effect of gingerol on the proliferation and invasion of hepatoma cells in culture.
Malignant transformation-linked imbalance: decreased xanthine oxidase activity in hepatomas.
Superoxide radical potentiates invasive capacity of rat ascites hepatoma cells in vitro.
Superoxide-dependent lipid peroxidation and vitamin E content of microsomes from hepatomas with different growth rates.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung
Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, xanthine oxidase, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activities, total glutathione, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels in erythrocytes of patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer.
[Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits autophagy and regulates expression of autophagy-related proteins in lung cancer A549 cells induced by xanthine oxidase].
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
Increased amidophosphoribosyltransferase and decreased xanthine oxidase activity in human and rat renal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
Adenosine deaminase, 5' nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in cancerous and noncancerous human laryngeal tissues.
Cardio-Renal Syndrome
Chronic Kidney Disease and Disproportionally Increased Cardiovascular Damage: Does Oxidative Stress Explain the Burden?
Crosstalk of Various Biomarkers That Might Provide Prompt Identification of Acute or Chronic Cardiorenal Syndromes.
Cardiomegaly
Dietary nicotinamide supplementation increases xanthine oxidoreductase activity in the kidney and heart but not liver of obese Zucker rats.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor, febuxostat ameliorates the high salt intake-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.
Cardiomyopathies
Chronic xanthine oxidase inhibition prevents myofibrillar protein oxidation and preserves cardiac function in a transgenic mouse model of cardiomyopathy.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase improves myocardial contractility in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
The xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol reduces cancer cachexia-induced cardiomyopathy.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
Chronic xanthine oxidase inhibition prevents myofibrillar protein oxidation and preserves cardiac function in a transgenic mouse model of cardiomyopathy.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition improves left ventricular dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathic hamsters.
Cardiotoxicity
Experimental Assessment of the Role of Acetaldehyde in Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy.
Febuxostat ameliorates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats.
Intensification of Doxorubicin-Related Oxidative Stress in the Heart by Hypothyroidism Is Not Related to the Expression of Cytochrome P450 NADPH-Reductase and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, As Well As Activity of Xanthine Oxidase.
Propolis relieves the cardiotoxicity of chlorpyrifos in diabetic rats via alleviations of paraoxonase-1 and xanthine oxidase genes expression.
Role of xanthine oxidase in the potentiation of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by mitomycin C.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice.
Cardiovascular Diseases
Allopurinol as a therapeutic option in cardiovascular disease.
Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat or Allopurinol in Patients with Gout.
Chronic hyperuricemia, uric Acid deposit and cardiovascular risk.
Cross-Over Trial of Febuxostat and Topiroxostat for Hyperuricemia With Cardiovascular Disease (TROFEO Trial).
Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors on cardiovascular disease in patients with gout: a cohort study.
Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Gout: Ascertaining the Efficacy of Treatment Matters.
Extract from Eugenia punicifolia is an Antioxidant and Inhibits Enzymes Related to Metabolic Syndrome.
Homogenized bovine milk xanthine oxidase: a critique of the hypothesis relating to plasmalogen depletion and cardiovascular disease.
Hyperuricemia and adverse outcomes in cardiovascular disease: potential for therapeutic intervention.
Impact of anti-inflammatory therapies, xanthine oxidase inhibitors and other urate-lowering therapies on cardiovascular diseases in gout.
In-silico Design and ADMET Studies of Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase (XO) Enzyme.
Long-term inhibition of xanthine oxidase by febuxostat does not decrease blood pressure in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats.
Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Gout and Associated Cardiovascular Disease or Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Initiating a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor.
Plasma Xanthine Oxidase Activity Is Predictive of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Independently of Uric Acid Levels.
Prognostic significance of serum uric acid in outpatients with chronic heart failure is complex and related to body mass index: Data from the IN-CHF Registry.
Rationale and design of a multicenter randomized study for evaluating vascular function under uric acid control using the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, febuxostat: the PRIZE study.
Synthesis and evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of 2-arylbenzo[b]furan derivatives based on salvianolic acid C.
Synthesis and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 7-methyl-2-(phenoxymethyl)-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives.
The role of urate and xanthine oxidase inhibitors in cardiovascular disease.
Urate-Lowering Drugs and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: The Emerging Role of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition.
Xanthine oxidase activity is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and inflammatory and oxidative status markers in metabolic syndrome: effects of a single exercise session.
Xanthine oxidase and its role as target in cardiovascular disease: cardiovascular protection by enzyme inhibition?
Xanthine oxidase and uric acid in cardiovascular disease: clinical impact and therapeutic options.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition by Febuxostat in Macrophages Suppresses Angiotensin II-Induced Aortic Fibrosis.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition for chronic heart failure: is allopurinol the next therapeutic advance in heart failure?
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition For The Treatment Of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the treatment of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the treatment of cardiovascular disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
Cataract
Antioxidant markers in human senile and diabetic cataractous lenses.
Xanthine oxidase activity in patients with age-related cataract associated with hypertension.
Xanthine oxidase and lens oxidative stress markers in diabetic and senile cataract patients.
Celiac Disease
The caffeine metabolic ratio as an index of xanthine oxidase activity in clinically active and silent celiac patients.
Cerebrovascular Disorders
The potential for xanthine oxidase inhibition in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.
Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury
Relationship between xanthine oxidase gene polymorphisms and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury in a Chinese population.
Cholangiocarcinoma
Free radicals enzymatically triggered by Clonorchis sinensis excretory-secretory products cause NF-?B-mediated inflammation in human cholangiocarcinoma cells.
Cholecystitis, Acute
[Dynamics of the cytokines, homocysteine contents, indices of oxydative and nitrosative stress and cytopathic hypoxia in patients after cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Connection with rate of postoperative purulent-inflammatory complications]
Cholera
[The effect of immune antibodies and the xanthine oxidase-xanthine enzymatic link on Vibrio cholerae]
Cholestasis
The impact of hepatic xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase activities on liver function in chronic cholestasis.
[The antioxidant action of dalargin on the liver in experimental acute cholestasis]
Colitis
Febuxostat attenuates ulcerative colitis by the inhibition of NF-?B, proinflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress in mice.
Role of allopurinol and febuxostat in the amelioration of dextran-induced colitis in rats.
Role of reactive oxygen metabolites in experimental colitis.
Colitis, Ulcerative
Xanthine oxidase activity is not increased in the colonic mucosa of ulcerative colitis.
Colonic Neoplasms
Anticolon Cancer Properties of Pyrazole Derivatives Acting through Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition.
Effects of aqueous green tea extract on activities of DNA turn-over enzymes in cancerous and non-cancerous human gastric and colon tissues.
Invited review: Bovine milk fat globule membrane as a potential nutraceutical.
Y-700, a novel inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, suppresses the development of colon aberrant crypt foci and cell proliferation in 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-treated mice.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Alpha-Blockers As Colorectal Cancer Chemopreventive: Findings from a Case-Control Study, Human Cell Cultures, and In Vivo Preclinical Testing.
Coma
Allopurinol neurocardiac protection trial in infants undergoing heart surgery using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Communicable Diseases
Involvement of xanthine oxidase activity with oxidative and inflammatory renal damage in silver catfish experimentally infected with Streptococcus agalactiae: Interplay with reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide.
Serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities in silver catfish naturally infected with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis: The influence of these enzymes on inflammatory and oxidative status.
Compartment Syndromes
Inhibition of the compartment syndrome by the ablation of free radical-mediated reperfusion injury.
Neutrophil mediated microvascular injury in acute, experimental compartment syndrome.
Congenital Abnormalities
Allopurinol-associated hand and foot deformities in chronic tophaceous gout.
Contracture
Depression of peak force without altering calcium sensitivity by the superoxide anion in chemically skinned cardiac muscle of rat.
Redox modulation of diaphragm contractility: Interaction between DHPR and RyR channels.
Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss
Morin hydrate: a better protector than purpurogallin of corneal endothelial cell damage induced by xanthine oxidase and SIN-1.
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary artery superoxide production and nox isoform expression in human coronary artery disease.
Purine metabolite-based machine learning models for risk prediction, prognosis, and diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Coronary Disease
Age-related increase in xanthine oxidase activity in human plasma and rat tissues.
Angiotensin II induces endothelial xanthine oxidase activation: role for endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary disease.
Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors the unappreciated treatment for heart failure.
Coronary Occlusion
Does verapamil limit myocardial infarct size in a heart deficient in xanthine oxidase?
Effects of exogenous oxygen derived free radicals on myocardial capillary permeability, vascular tone, and incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in the canine heart.
The activity of xanthine oxidase in heart of pigs, guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, and humans.
Craniocerebral Trauma
[Xanthine oxidase of the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with craniocerebral trauma]
Crohn Disease
Influence of xanthine oxidase on thiopurine metabolism in Crohn's disease.
Cryptorchidism
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors suppress testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism.
Cystic Fibrosis
Activities of cytochrome P450 1A2, N-acetyltransferase 2, xanthine oxidase, and cytochrome P450 2D6 are unaltered in children with cystic fibrosis.
Caffeine metabolism in cystic fibrosis: enhanced xanthine oxidase activity.
CYP2D6, N-acetylation, and xanthine oxidase activity in cystic fibrosis.
Dehydration
Experimental heat stress nephropathy and liver injury are improved by allopurinol.
Demyelinating Diseases
Effects of Venlafaxine, Risperidone and Febuxostat on Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination, Behavioral Deficits and Oxidative Stress.
Dermatitis, Phototoxic
Important role of oxygen metabolites in quinolone antibacterial agent-induced cutaneous phototoxicity in mice.
Diabetes Mellitus
Activity of xanthine oxidase in plasma correlates with indices of insulin resistance and liver dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: A pilot exploratory study.
Chronic hyperglycemia may attenuate the serum-uric-acid-lowering effect of low-dose febuxostat in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Differential effects of diabetes on the expression of the gp91phox homologues nox1 and nox4.
Effect of Intensive Urate Lowering With Combined Verinurad and Febuxostat on Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial.
Elevated Serum Xanthine Oxidase Activity Is Associated With the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Monotherapy with metformin: does it improve hypoxia in type 2 diabetic patients?
Ultrafiltration liquid chromatography combined with high-speed countercurrent chromatography for screening and isolating potential ?-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Cortex Phellodendri.
Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.
Xanthine oxidase and uric acid as independent predictors of albuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Allopurinol Prevents Oxidative Stress-Mediated Atrial Remodeling in Alloxan-Induced Diabetes Mellitus Rabbits.
[Intervention effect of ganoderma lucidum spores on the changes of XOD, MPO and SDH in the testis tissue of NIDDM rats]
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental
Influence of insulin status on extra-mitochondrial oxygen metabolism in the rat.
Xanthine oxidase and D-amino-acid oxidase in fatty liver and alloxan diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Impact of intensive insulin treatment on the development and consequences of oxidative stress in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Recent evidence on the effect of urate-lowering treatment on the progression of kidney disease.
Xanthine oxidase is involved in free radical production in type 1 diabetes: protection by allopurinol.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Activity of xanthine oxidase in plasma correlates with indices of insulin resistance and liver dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: A pilot exploratory study.
Allopurinol normalizes endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetics with mild hypertension.
Chronic hyperglycemia may attenuate the serum-uric-acid-lowering effect of low-dose febuxostat in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Effect of Intensive Urate Lowering With Combined Verinurad and Febuxostat on Albuminuria in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Trial.
Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with febuxostat on the development of nephropathy in experimental type 2 diabetes.
Elevated Serum Xanthine Oxidase Activity Is Associated With the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.
Erratum. Elevated Serum Xanthine Oxidase Activity Is Associated With the Development of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study. Diabetes Care 2018;41;884-890.
Glycaemic control in relation to xanthine oxidase and antioxidant indices in Malaysian Type 2 diabetes patients.
Inhibitory effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitor, topiroxostat, on development of neuropathy in db/db mice.
Monotherapy with metformin: does it improve hypoxia in type 2 diabetic patients?
Upregulation of TNF-alpha and Receptors Contribute to Endothelial Dysfunction in Zucker Diabetic Rats.
Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective.
Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathies
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol attenuates the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Diabetic Nephropathies
Allopurinol protects human glomerular endothelial cells from high glucose-induced reactive oxygen species generation, p53 overexpression and endothelial dysfunction.
Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with febuxostat on the development of nephropathy in experimental type 2 diabetes.
Oxidative stress as a major culprit in kidney disease in diabetes.
Recent evidence on the effect of urate-lowering treatment on the progression of kidney disease.
Targeting oxidative stress and anti-oxidant defence in diabetic kidney disease.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Action and Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy Development in KK-Ay Obese Diabetic Mice.
Diabetic Neuropathies
Treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, improves nerve and vascular function in diabetic rats.
Ductus Arteriosus, Patent
Allopurinol protects the bowel from necrosis caused by indomethacin and temporary intestinal ischemia in mice.
Duodenal Ulcer
Histamine, xanthine oxidase generated oxygen-derived free radicals and Helicobacter pylori in gastroduodenal inflammation and ulceration.
Role of active oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in mepirizole-induced duodenal ulcers in rats.
Dupuytren Contracture
An insight into Dupuytren's contracture.
Free radicals and Dupuytren's contracture.
Echinococcosis, Hepatic
[Diagnosis and prophylaxis of latent hepatic failure at patients with hepatic echinococcosis]
Eclampsia
Hyperuricemia and bone marrow transplantation.
Encephalomyelitis
Febuxostat ameliorates secondary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by restoring mitochondrial energy production in a GOT2-dependent manner.
Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental
Febuxostat ameliorates secondary progressive experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by restoring mitochondrial energy production in a GOT2-dependent manner.
Endolymphatic Hydrops
Allopurinol attenuates endolymphatic hydrops in the guinea pig cochlea.
Endometrial Hyperplasia
PTEN/PI3K/VEGF signaling pathway involved in the protective effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat against endometrial hyperplasia in rats.
Endometriosis
Xanthine oxidase in eutopic and ectopic endometrium in endometriosis and adenomyosis.
Endotoxemia
Activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases, NF-kappa B, and cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein in lung neutrophils occurs by differing mechanisms after hemorrhage or endotoxemia.
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation improves survival rate of endotoxemic rats.
Interactions between CBP, NF-kappaB, and CREB in the lungs after hemorrhage and endotoxemia.
Mechanisms of lung neutrophil activation after hemorrhage or endotoxemia: roles of reactive oxygen intermediates, NF-kappa B, and cyclic AMP response element binding protein.
Role of increased production of superoxide anions by NAD(P)H oxidase and xanthine oxidase in prolonged endotoxemia.
Sesame oil attenuates multiple organ failure and increases survival rate during endotoxemia in rats.
Enteritis
Antibacterial properties of xanthine oxidase in human milk.
Eosinophilia
Allopurinol induces innate immune responses through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in HL-60 cells.
Epilepsy
Antioxidative-oxidative balance in epilepsy patients on antiepileptic therapy: a prospective case-control study.
Effects of epilepsy and antiepileptic drugs on nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase system in children with idiopathic epilepsy.
Erythema
Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite released by ultraviolet B-irradiated human endothelial cells are possibly involved in skin erythema and inflammation.
Exanthema
Allopurinol induces innate immune responses through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in HL-60 cells.
Exfoliation Syndrome
The Activities of Paraoxonase, Xanthine Oxidase, Adenosine Deaminase and the Level of Nitrite in Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.
Familial Primary Pulmonary Hypertension
Increased xanthine oxidase activity in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Fatty Liver
Allopurinol Prevents the Lipogenic Response Induced by an Acute Oral Fructose Challenge in Short-Term Fructose Fed Rats.
Dietary nicotinamide supplementation increases xanthine oxidoreductase activity in the kidney and heart but not liver of obese Zucker rats.
Simultaneous changes in serum and liver xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase activities following fatty liver induction.
Sodium acetate protects against nicotine-induced excess hepatic lipid in male rats by suppressing xanthine oxidase activity.
Xanthine oxidase and D-amino-acid oxidase in fatty liver and alloxan diabetes.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates insulin resistance and diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice.
Fibrosarcoma
Involvement of oxidants and oxidant-generating enzyme(s) in tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha-mediated apoptosis: role for lipoxygenase pathway but not mitochondrial respiratory chain.
Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in photodynamic therapy-treated mouse tumours.
Gastritis
Adenosine deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in gastric juices from patients with gastric cancer, ulcer, and atrophic gastritis.
Gastritis, Atrophic
Adenosine deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in gastric juices from patients with gastric cancer, ulcer, and atrophic gastritis.
The aging/precancerous gastric mucosa: a pilot nutraceutical trial.
Glioblastoma
1'-Acetoxychavicol acetate promotes caspase 3-activated glioblastoma cell death by overcoming enhanced cytokine expression.
Augmentation of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Treatment of Glioblastoma by Adding Ciprofloxacin, Deferiprone, 5-Fluorouracil and Febuxostat: The CAALA Regimen.
Glomerulonephritis
Pivotal role of xanthine oxidase in the initiation of tubulointerstitial renal injury in rats with hyperlipidemia.
Glomerulonephritis, IGA
The Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Suppresses the Progression of IgA Nephropathy, Possibly via Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fibrotic Effects in the gddY Mouse Model.
Glomerulonephritis, Membranous
Role of xanthine oxidase in passive Heymann nephritis in rats.
Glucose Intolerance
The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorates metabolic syndrome features in obesogenic diet-fed rats better than Apocynin or Allopurinol.
Glycogen Storage Disease Type V
Xanthine oxidase pathway and muscle damage. Insights from McArdle disease.
Gout
3,4-Dihydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde (DHNB) is a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase: A potential therapeutic agent for treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
3,5,2',4'-Tetrahydroxychalcone, a new non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of allopurinol in reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction following coronary artery bypass grafting.
A novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor WSJ-557 study on pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in rats by UPLC-MS/MS.
A practical approach to gout. Current management of an 'old' disease.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Study of Febuxostat Versus Allopurinol in Hyperuricemic Chinese Subjects With or Without Gout.
A single-centre experience of febuxostat as a second-line urate-lowering therapy.
A treat-to-target approach for gout confers renoprotective effect in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 3.
Acute gout flare of bilateral first metatarsophalangeal joints due to ibrutinib use in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Acute kidney injury observed during phase 1 clinical trials of a novel xanthine oxidase/URAT1 dual inhibitor PF-06743649.
Acute neutropenia associated with initiation of febuxostat therapy for hyperuricaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Alkaloids isolated from Tabernaemontana bufalina display xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity.
Allopurinol and loss of consciousness in a 78-old year man suffering from gout.
Allopurinol as a cardiovascular drug.
Allopurinol attenuates postoperative pain and modulates the purinergic system in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial.
Allopurinol augmentation in acute mania: A meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials.
Allopurinol for chronic gout.
Allopurinol for fibromyalgia pain in adults: A randomized controlled trial.
Allopurinol for pain relief: more than just crystal clearance?
Allopurinol reduces antigen-specific and polyclonal activation of human T cells.
Allopurinol use and type 2 diabetes incidence among patients with gout: A VA retrospective cohort study.
Allopurinol, Xanthine Oxidase, and Cardiac Ischemia.
Allopurinol: Sorrow to the marrow.
An allopurinol-controlled, multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel between-group, comparative study of febuxostat (TMX-67), a non-purine-selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, in patients with hyperuricemia including those with gout in Japan: phase 2 exploratory clinical study.
An allopurinol-controlled, randomized, double-dummy, double-blind, parallel between-group, comparative study of febuxostat (TMX-67), a non-purine-selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, in patients with hyperuricemia including those with gout in Japan: phase 3 clinical study.
An in-depth view of potential dual effect of thymol in inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity: Electrochemical measurements in combination with four way PARAFAC analysis and molecular docking insights.
An updated patent review: xanthine oxidase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout (2011-2015).
Angiopreventive versus angiopromoting effects of allopurinol in the murine sponge model.
Anti-Gouty Arthritis and Antihyperuricemia Effects of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Head Extract in Gouty and Hyperuricemia Animal Models.
Anti-inflammatory drugs as new inhibitors to xanthine oxidase: In vitro and in silico approach.
Anti-nociceptive properties of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol in mice: role of A1 adenosine receptors.
Antidepressant-like effects of the xanthine oxidase enzyme inhibitor allopurinol in rats. A comparison with fluoxetine.
As compared to allopurinol, urate-lowering therapy with febuxostat has superior effects on oxidative stress and pulse wave velocity in patients with severe chronic tophaceous gout.
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Older Patients with Gout Initiating Febuxostat versus Allopurinol: A Population-Based Cohort Study.
Carboxylated aurone derivatives as potent inhibitors of xanthine oxidase.
Cardiovascular events in hyperuricemia population and a cardiovascular benefit-risk assessment of urate-lowering therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Cardiovascular safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in patients with gout and cardiovascular comorbidities.
Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat or Allopurinol in Patients with Gout.
Cardiovascular Safety of Urate Lowering Therapies.
Carrier-mediated hepatic uptake of a novel nonrenal excretion type uric acid generation inhibitor, Y-700.
Combination urate-lowering therapy in the treatment of gout: What is the evidence?
Comparative efficacy and safety of lesinurad 200 mg and 400 mg combined with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor in hyperuricemic patients with gout: A Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials?.
Comparison of persistence rates between allopurinol and febuxostat as first-line urate-lowering therapy in patients with gout: an 8-year retrospective cohort study.
Comparison of pharmacokinetics and uric acid lowering effect between two different strength febuxostat formulations (80 mg vs. 40 mg) in healthy subjects.
Comprehensive analysis of mechanism underlying hypouricemic effect of glucosyl hesperidin.
Computational analysis and synthesis of Syringic acid derivatives as Xanthine Oxidase inhibitors.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of allopurinol versus febuxostat in chronic gout patients: a U.S. payer perspective.
Critical appraisal of the role of pegloticase in the management of gout.
Cyclodidepsipeptides with a promising scaffold in medicinal chemistry.
Design and rationale for the veterans affairs "cooperative study program 594 comparative effectiveness in gout: Allopurinol vs. febuxostat" trial.
Design and synthesis of novel 2-(indol-5-yl)thiazole derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Design, synthesis and bioactive evaluation of geniposide derivatives for antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effects.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-alkyl-5/6-(5-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1H-indole-3-carbonitriles as novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel xanthine oxidase inhibitors bearing a 2-arylbenzo[b]furan scaffold.
Determination of human plasma xanthine oxidase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Determination of lesinurad in rat plasma by a UHPLC-MS/MS assay.
Development and Validation of a Stability-Indicating RP-HPLC Method for the Determination of Febuxostat (a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor).
Development of a method to screen and isolate potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Panax japlcus var via ultrafiltration liquid chromatography combined with counter-current chromatography.
Development of benzoxazole deoxybenzoin oxime and acyloxylamine derivatives targeting innate immune sensors and xanthine oxidase for treatment of gout.
Discovery of 2-phenylthiazole-4-carboxylic acid, a novel and potent scaffold as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Effect of allopurinol on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Effect of fenofibrate on uric acid level in patients with gout.
Effects of acupuncture at Shu, Yuan, and Mu acupoints on blood serum uric acid and xanthine oxidase levels in a rat model of gout and hyperuricemia.
Effects of allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, and sulfinpyrazone upon the urinary and serum urate concentrations in eight patients with tophaceous gout.
Effects of Food and Antacids on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Lesinurad, a Selective Urate Reabsorption Inhibitor.
Effects of lobetyolin on xanthine oxidase activity in vitro and in vivo: weak and mixed inhibition.
Effects of renal function on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lesinurad in adult volunteers.
Effects of topiroxostat on the serum urate levels and urinary albumin excretion in hyperuricemic stage 3 chronic kidney disease patients with or without gout.
Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors on cardiovascular disease in patients with gout: a cohort study.
Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors on Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Gout: Ascertaining the Efficacy of Treatment Matters.
Efficacy and safety of allopurinol in patients with hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency.
Efficacy and safety of febuxostat extended release and immediate release in patients with gout and moderate renal impairment: phase II placebo-controlled study.
Efficacy and safety of febuxostat in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
Efficacy and safety of lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricemia in gout.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Probenecid as Urate-lowering Therapy in Gout; Clinical Experience in High-prevalence Population.
Electrochemical sensor based on magnetite graphene oxide/ordered mesoporous carbon hybrid to detection of allopurinol in clinical samples.
Epidemiology and management of gout in Taiwan: a nationwide population study.
Ethanol Extract of Cudrania tricuspidata Leaf Ameliorates Hyperuricemia in Mice via Inhibition of Hepatic and Serum Xanthine Oxidase Activity.
Evaluation of antigout activity of Phyllanthus emblica fruit extracts on potassium oxonate-induced gout rat model.
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Lesinurad, a New Selective Urate Reabsorption Inhibitor, and Commonly Used Drugs for Gout Treatment.
Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Lesinurad, a New Selective Urate Reabsorption Inhibitor, and CYP Enzyme Substrates Sildenafil, Amlodipine, Tolbutamide, and Repaglinide.
Evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of flavonoids by an online capillary electrophoresis-based immobilized enzyme microreactor.
Excess Deaths Upon Cessation of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Treatment-Data From the Cardiovascular Safety of Febuxostat and Allopurinol in Patients With Gout and Cardiovascular Morbidities Trial: Comment on the Article by Choi et al.
Fast dereplication of xanthine oxidase-inhibiting compounds in alfalfa using comparative metabolomics.
Febuxostat (Teijin/Ipsen/TAP).
Febuxostat (Uloric) for chronic treatment of gout.
Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout.
Febuxostat for gout.
Febuxostat for the treatment of gout.
Febuxostat for the treatment of hyperuricaemia in gout.
Febuxostat treatment for gout: what the clinician needs to know.
Febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase: a twenty-eight-day, multicenter, phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-response clinical trial examining safety and efficacy in patients with gout.
Febuxostat, But Not Allopurinol, Markedly Raises the Plasma Concentrations of the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Substrate Rosuvastatin.
Febuxostat-associated eosinophilic polymyositis in marginal zone lymphoma.
Febuxostat-induced agranulocytosis in an end-stage renal disease patient: A case report.
Febuxostat.
Febuxostat: a new agent for lowering serum urate.
Febuxostat: a non-purine, selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase for the management of hyperuricaemia in patients with gout.
Febuxostat: a novel agent for management of hyperuricemia in gout.
Febuxostat: a novel non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase for the treatment of hyperuricemia in gout.
Febuxostat: A Review of Its Use in the Treatment of Hyperuricaemia in Patients with Gout.
Febuxostat: a selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
Febuxostat: a selective xanthine-oxidase/xanthine-dehydrogenase inhibitor for the management of hyperuricemia in adults with gout.
Febuxostat: the evidence for its use in the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout.
Flavonoids and Anthranquinones as Xanthine Oxidase and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A New Approach Towards Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.
Formulation and Characterization of Febuxostat loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) - Gel for Topical Treatment of Gout.
Formulation and Characterization of Nanosized Ethosomal Formulations of Antigout Model Drug (Febuxostat) Prepared by Cold Method: In Vitro/Ex Vivo and In Vivo Assessment.
Formulation and in vitro evaluation of fast dissolving tablets of Febuxostat using co-processed excipients.
Gout - a guide for the general and acute physicians.
Gout therapeutics: new drugs for an old disease.
Gout, Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition, and Cardiovascular Outcomes.
Gout.
Gout: current concepts and treatment.
Gout: state of the art after a decade of developments.
Gouty Arthritis: A Review of Acute Management and Prevention.
Guava leaves polyphenolics-rich extract inhibits vital enzymes implicated in gout and hypertension in vitro.
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine in biological fluids.
Higher Febuxostat Exposure Observed in Asian Compared with Caucasian Subjects Independent of Bodyweight.
Hispidin, Harmaline, and Harmine as potent inhibitors of bovine xanthine oxidase: Gout treatment, in vitro, ADMET prediction, and SAR studies.
Host-Mediated Bioactivation of Pyrazinamide: Implications for Efficacy, Resistance, and Therapeutic Alternatives.
How should we manage asymptomatic hyperuricemia?
Hyperuricemia and bone marrow transplantation.
Hypouricemic effects of Mesona procumbens Hemsl. through modulating xanthine oxidase activity in vitro and in vivo.
Identification of novel isocytosine derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors from a set of virtual screening hits.
Impact of allopurinol on risk of myocardial infarction.
Impact of anti-inflammatory therapies, xanthine oxidase inhibitors and other urate-lowering therapies on cardiovascular diseases in gout.
Impact of non-adherence on the safety and efficacy of uric acid lowering therapies in the treatment of gout.
Improving cardiovascular and renal outcomes in gout: what should we target?
In silico and 3D QSAR Studies of Natural Based Derivatives as Xanthine oxidase Inhibitors.
In silico design and synthesis of hesperitin derivatives as new xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
In silico design and synthesis of targeted rutin derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
In vitro and in silico pharmaceutical activities of the methylated cyclic pentapeptide, persipeptides.
In vitro effects of novel type M-V-O derivatives on Xanthine Oxidase.
In vitro xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the fractions of Erythrina stricta Roxb.
In-silico Design and ADMET Studies of Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase (XO) Enzyme.
Influence of urate-lowering therapies on renal handling of uric acid.
Inhibition of chrysin on xanthine oxidase activity and its inhibition mechanism.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by Puerto Rican plant extracts.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by some Chinese medicinal plants used to treat gout.
Inhibitory effects of plant growth regulators on xanthine oxidase.
Initiating guideline-concordant gout treatment improves arterial endothelial function and reduces intercritical inflammation: a prospective observational study.
Integrated safety studies of the urate reabsorption inhibitor lesinurad in treatment of gout.
Integration of Pharmacometrics and Pharmacoeconomics to Quantify the Value of Improved Forgiveness to Nonadherence: A Case Study of Novel Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors for Gout.
International position paper on febuxostat.
International position paper on the appropriate use of uricosurics with the introduction of lesinurad.
Investigation of the interaction between Chrysoeriol and xanthine oxidase using computational and in vitro approaches.
Investigation of the interaction between salvianolic acid C and xanthine oxidase: Insights from experimental studies merging with molecular docking methods.
Kinetic study on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase by extracts from two selected Algerian plants traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Lanthanide (III) complexes of bis-coumarins as strong inhibitors of bovine xanthine oxidase - molecular docking and SAR studies.
Lesinurad Combined With Allopurinol: Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study in Gout Subjects With Inadequate Response to Standard of Care Allopurinol (A US-based Study).
Lesinurad for the treatment of hyperuricaemia in people with gout.
Lesinurad monotherapy in gout patients intolerant to a xanthine oxidase inhibitor: a 6 month phase 3 clinical trial and extension study.
Lesinurad, a Selective URAT-1 Inhibitor With a Novel Mechanism in Combination With a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, for Hyperuricemia Associated With Gout.
Lesinurad: A Review in Hyperuricaemia of Gout.
Lesinurad: A significant advancement or just another addition to existing therapies of gout?
Lesinurad: Evaluation of Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions With Warfarin in Healthy Volunteers.
Lesinurad: First Global Approval.
Longan Seed Extract Reduces Hyperuricemia via Modulating Urate Transporters and Suppressing Xanthine Oxidase Activity.
Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Gout and Associated Cardiovascular Disease or Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Initiating a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor.
Management of acute and chronic gouty arthritis: present state-of-the-art.
Mechanistic approach towards interaction of newly synthesized Hesperidin derivatives against xanthine oxidase.
Medicinal Plants as a Drug Alternative Source for the Antigout Therapy in Morocco.
Metabolic diseases: gout.
Modeling and optimizing inhibitory activities of Nelumbinis folium extract on xanthine oxidase using response surface methodology.
Molecular Dockings and Molecular Dynamics Simulations Reveal the Potency of Different Inhibitors against Xanthine Oxidase.
Mori Ramulus (Chin.Ph.)-the Dried Twigs of Morus alba L./Part 1: Discovery of Two Novel Coumarin Glycosides from the Anti-Hyperuricemic Ethanol Extract.
Multicenter, open-label study of long-term administration of febuxostat (TMX-67) in Japanese patients with hyperuricemia including gout.
Multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded end point trial of the efficacy of allopurinol therapy in improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with ischaemic heart disease: protocol of the ALL-HEART study.
Multiple Cutaneous Creamy Papules and Nodules: A Case of Miliarial Gout.
New xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the fruiting bodies of Tyromyces fissilis.
Nickel-Catalyzed C?H Arylation of Azoles with Haloarenes: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications to the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules.
Novel 3-[4-alkoxy-3-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl]-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5(4H)-ones as promising xanthine oxidase inhibitors: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation.
Novel thiazolo-pyrazolyl derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors and free radical scavengers.
Novel uricosurics.
Oral Treatment With an Engineered Uricase, ALLN-346, Reduces Hyperuricemia, and Uricosuria in Urate Oxidase-Deficient Mice.
Oxidative coupling of epigallocatechin gallate amplifies antioxidant activity and inhibits xanthine oxidase activity.
Patient considerations in the management of gout and role of combination treatment with lesinurad.
Pegloticase in gout treatment - safety issues, latest evidence and clinical considerations.
Pegloticase Induced Hemolytic Anemia in a Patient With G6PD Deficiency.
Pegloticase. An excessively dangerous and inadequately evaluated hypouricaemic drug.
Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of febuxostat after oral administration in healthy Chinese volunteers: a randomized, open-label, singleand multiple-dose three-way crossover study.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of febuxostat, a non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, in a dose escalation study in healthy subjects.
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tolerability of LC350189, a novel xanthine oxidase inhibitor, in healthy subjects.
Pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking and molecular dynamics studies on natural products database to discover novel skeleton as non-purine xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Phosphorescent inner filter effect-based sensing of xanthine oxidase and its inhibitors with Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots.
Physicochemical Stability of Compounded Allopurinol Suspensions in PCCA Base, SuspendIt.
Phytochemical investigation of some traditional chinese medicines and endophyte cultures.
Placebo-controlled double-blind dose-response study of the non-purine-selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat (TMX-67) in patients with hyperuricemia (including gout patients) in japan: late phase 2 clinical study.
Placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the non-purine-selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor Febuxostat (TMX-67) in patients with hyperuricemia including those with gout in Japan: phase 3 clinical study.
Plumbagin can potently enhance the activity of xanthine oxidase: in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies.
Potential Dangers of Serum Urate-Lowering Therapy.
Progress towards the discovery of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Protocol of the Febuxostat versus Allopurinol Streamlined Trial (FAST): a large prospective, randomised, open, blinded endpoint study comparing the cardiovascular safety of allopurinol and febuxostat in the management of symptomatic hyperuricaemia.
Rapid and reliable HILIC-MS/MS method for monitoring allantoin as a biomarker of oxidative stress.
Rapid characterisation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the flowers of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. Using metabolomics approach.
Rapid screening and detection of XOD inhibitors from S. tamariscina by ultrafiltration LC-PDA-ESI-MS combined with HPCCC.
Refractory gout: what is it and what to do about it?
Rhaponticum acaule (L) DC essential oil: chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties.
Rheumatologists' understanding of refractory gout: a questionnaire survey in China.
Role of Community Pharmacies for the Detection of Potentially Inappropriate Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Prescriptions.
Role of urate, xanthine oxidase and the effects of allopurinol in vascular oxidative stress.
Safety and Efficacy of Febuxostat Treatment in Subjects with Gout and Severe Allopurinol Adverse Reactions.
Screening and determination of potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae using ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Screening for selective inhibitors of xanthine oxidase from Flos Chrysanthemum using ultrafiltration LC-MS combined with enzyme channel blocking.
Screening of Potential Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors in Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC. by Immobilized Metal Affinity Chromatography and Ultrafiltration-Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitors in complex mixtures using online HPLC coupled with postcolumn fluorescence-based biochemical detection.
Screening, separation, and evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Paeonia lactiflora using chromatography combined with a multi-mode microplate reader.
Second-line treatment with lesinurad and allopurinol versus febuxostat for management of hyperuricemia: a cost-effectiveness analysis for Spanish patients.
Selectivity of febuxostat, a novel non-purine inhibitor of xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase.
Skin rash, eosinophilia, and renal impairment in a patient recently started on allopurinol.
Spectroscopic and molecular structure (monomeric and dimeric model) investigation of Febuxostat: A combined experimental and theoretical study.
Spectrum-effect relationship between high-performance thin-layer chromatography data and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of celery seed extract.
Structure-activity relationship of caffeic acid analogues on xanthine oxidase inhibition.
Structure-based design and biological evaluation of novel 2-(indol-2-yl) thiazole derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Successful treatment of refractory gout using combined therapy consisting of febuxostat and allopurinol in a patient with chronic renal failure.
Supratherapeutic dose evaluation and effect of lesinurad on cardiac repolarization: a thorough QT/QTc study.
Synthesis and biological activity of pyrazolo[3,4-d]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives: in silico approach.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-(4-alkoxy-3-cyano)phenylpyrimidine derivatives with 4-amino or 4-hydroxy as a pharmacophore element binding with xanthine oxidase active site.
Synthesis and evaluation of xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of 2-arylbenzo[b]furan derivatives based on salvianolic acid C.
Synthesis and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 7-methyl-2-(phenoxymethyl)-5H-[1,3,4]thiadiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidin-5-one derivatives.
Synthesis of N-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole derivatives as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Synthesis, Antioxidant, and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities of 5-[4-[2-(5-Ethyl-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]methyl]-2,4-thiazolidinedione Derivatives.
Synthesis, molecular docking and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of 5-aryl-1H-tetrazoles.
Targeting the subpocket in xanthine oxidase: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-[4-alkoxy-3-(1H-tetrazol-1-yl) phenyl]-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid derivatives.
Tetrahydroamentoflavone (THA) from Semecarpus anacardium as a potent inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
The effect of age and gender on pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of febuxostat, a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
The Effect of Lesinurad in Combination With Allopurinol on Serum Uric Acid Levels in Patients With Gout.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR ALLOPURINOL IN THE TREATMENT OF GOUT.
The Encapsulation of Febuxostat into Emulsomes Strongly Enhances the Cytotoxic Potential of the Drug on HCT 116 Colon Cancer Cells.
The inhibitory kinetics and mechanism of dietary vitamins D3 and B2 on xanthine oxidase.
The NLRP3 inflammasome - interleukin 1 pathway as a therapeutic target in gout.
The Role of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors in Patients with History of Stroke: A Systematic Review.
The use of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol, in the control of hyperuricaemia, gout and uric acid calculi.
Therapeutic effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitors: renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol.
Ultrafiltration liquid chromatography combined with high-speed countercurrent chromatography for screening and isolating potential ?-glucosidase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors from Cortex Phellodendri.
Ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry inhibitors fishing assay: a novel method for simultaneously screening of xanthine oxidase inhibitor and superoxide anion scavenger in a single analysis.
Urate-lowering therapy for the management of gout: a summary of 2 Cochrane reviews.
Use of newly available febuxostat in a case of chronic tophaceous gout contraindicated to allopurinol and probenecid.
Using analytical multidimensional isocratic HPLC methods of separation to isolate active constituents in natural products.
Utilization of acute gout prophylaxis in the real world: a retrospective database cohort analysis.
Various machine learning approaches coupled with molecule simulation in the screening of natural compounds with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity.
Virtual and In vitro bioassay screening of phytochemical inhibitors from flavonoids and isoflavones against Xanthine oxidase and Cyclooxygenase-2 for gout treatment.
Virtual and In Vitro Bioassay Screening of Phytochemical Inhibitors from Flavonoids and Isoflavones Against Xanthine Oxidase and Cyclooxygenase-2 for Gout Treatment.
Virtual Screening Analysis and In-vitro Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity of Some Commercially Available Flavonoids.
X-ray crystal structure of a xanthine oxidase complex with the flavonoid inhibitor quercetin.
Xanthine Oxidase and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-activated Kinase 1: Potential Targets for Gout Intervention.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Alsophila spinulosa (Hook) Tryon.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors in the management of gout.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors the unappreciated treatment for heart failure.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: a patent survey.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of northeastern North American plant remedies used for gout.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of some Indian medical plants.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of the methanolic extracts of selected Jordanian medicinal plants.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Vietnamese medicinal plants.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activity, Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Properties and GC-MS Analysis of Keladi Candik (Alocasia longiloba Miq).
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant potential of Indian Muscodor species.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory peptides derived from tuna protein: virtual screening, inhibitory activity, and molecular mechanisms.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory properties of Czech medicinal plants.
Xanthine Oxidoreductase Inhibitors.
[A family of hereditary xanthinuria: two siblings with peptic ulcer and hypouricemia due to xanthine oxidase deficiency, and a heterozygote (father) with gout]
[De-sensitization to allopurinol in a patient with tophi gout].
[Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of oxadiazole derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors].
[Early results obtained with the use of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor (4-hydroxypyrazol-pyrimidine) in gout. Preliminary note]
[ERRORS IN THE DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH GOUT AND THE ALGORITHM OF THERAPEUTIC TACTICS IN DIFFERENT PERIODS OF THE DISEASE (CLINICAL CASE)].
[HYPERURICEMIA AND POTENTIAL RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND RENAL DISEASES].
[Metabolism of purine nucleotides and the production of uric acid]
[New and emerging drugs for uric arthritis].
[Purine metabolism enzymes in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of osteoarthritis and gout arthritis]
[The clinical picture of gout is changing]
[Treatment of gout with the combination of xanthine oxidase inhibitors and uricosuric agents]
[Xanthine oxidase activity in the jejunal mucosa of patients with gout]
Graft vs Host Disease
Hyperuricemia and bone marrow transplantation.
Granuloma
[Xanthine oxidase activity: NAD+-dependent and O2-dependent forms in carrageenan granuloma in the rat]
Granulomatous Disease, Chronic
Xanthine oxidase contributes to host defense against Burkholderia cepacia in the p47(phox-/-) mouse model of chronic granulomatous disease.
Graves Disease
Changes in free radical scavengers and lipid peroxide in thyroid glands of various thyroid disorders.
Head and Neck Neoplasms
Adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activities and malondialdehyde levels in the sera of patients with head and neck carcinoma.
Heart Arrest
Effect of normothermic ischemic cardiac arrest and of reperfusion on the free oxygen radical scavenger enzymes and xanthine oxidase (a generator of superoxide anions).
Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition in cardiac arrest.
Heart Diseases
Homogenized bovine milk xanthine oxidase: a critique of the hypothesis relating to plasmalogen depletion and cardiovascular disease.
Immunobiochemical analysis of Paraoxonase1 (anti-oxidant), xanthine oxidase (oxidant) enzymes and lipid profile of cardiac disease patients in Lahore Metropolitan, Pakistan.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors in ischaemic heart disease.
Heart Failure
Acute effects of febuxostat, a nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, in pacing induced heart failure.
Age-related increase in xanthine oxidase activity in human plasma and rat tissues.
Allopurinol acutely increases adenosine triphospate energy delivery in failing human hearts.
Allopurinol and global left myocardial function in heart failure patients.
Allopurinol attenuates left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction after experimental myocardial infarction: a new action for an old drug?
Allopurinol enhances the contractile response to dobutamine and exercise in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure.
Allopurinol improves endothelial dysfunction in chronic heart failure.
Association between long-term prescription of febuxostat and the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with hypertension and asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
Associations of methyl donor and methylation inhibitor levels during anti-oxidant therapy in heart failure.
Chronic allopurinol administration ameliorates maladaptive alterations in Ca2+ cycling proteins and beta-adrenergic hyporesponsiveness in heart failure.
Chronic treatment with allopurinol boosts survival and cardiac contractility in murine postischemic cardiomyopathy.
Chronic xanthine oxidase inhibition prevents myofibrillar protein oxidation and preserves cardiac function in a transgenic mouse model of cardiomyopathy.
Effect of Allopurinol on Myocardial Energy Metabolism in Chronic Heart Failure Rats After Myocardial Infarct.
Effect of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition on Arterial Stiffness in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure.
Effects of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition in Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients: The Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition for Hyperuricemic Heart Failure Patients (EXACT-HF) Study.
Effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition with allopurinol on endothelial function and peripheral blood flow in hyperuricemic patients with chronic heart failure: results from 2 placebo-controlled studies.
Excess purine degradation caused by an imbalance in the supply of adenosine triphosphate in patients with congestive heart failure.
Functional and structural alterations induced by copper in xanthine oxidase.
Heart failure, oxidative stress and allopurinol.
Impact of oxypurinol in patients with symptomatic heart failure. Results of the OPT-CHF study.
Impaired S-nitrosylation of the ryanodine receptor caused by xanthine oxidase activity contributes to calcium leak in heart failure.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase improves myocardial contractility in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase in the acute phase of myocardial infarction prevents skeletal muscle abnormalities and exercise intolerance.
Kidney Function, Nutritional Status, and the Left Ventricle Dysfunction Are Associated with Serum Uric Acid Levels in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction.
LB01.10: EFFECT OF XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITION ON ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE.
Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Gout and Associated Cardiovascular Disease or Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Initiating a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor.
Oxipurinol: alloxanthine, Oxyprim, oxypurinol.
Randomized Trial of Effect of Urate-Lowering Agent Febuxostat in Chronic Heart Failure Patients with Hyperuricemia (LEAF-CHF).
Rationale, design and organisation of an efficacy and safety study of oxypurinol added to standard therapy in patients with NYHA class III - IV congestive heart failure.
Reactive oxygen species signalling in the diabetic heart: emerging prospect for therapeutic targeting.
Serum level of uric acid, partly secreted from the failing heart, is a prognostic marker in patients with congestive heart failure.
Serum uric acid is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in patients at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a preventive cardiology information system (PreCIS) database cohort study.
Sildenafil protects epithelial cell through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase and the impairment of ROS production.
The effect of xanthine oxidase inhibition upon ejection fraction in heart failure patients: La Plata Study.
The effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitor in patients with chronic heart failure complicated with hyperuricemia: a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial of topiroxostat vs allopurinol-study protocol.
The xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol reduces cancer cachexia-induced cardiomyopathy.
Uric acid and the vasculature.
Uric acid and xanthine oxidase in heart failure - Emerging data and therapeutic implications.
Uric acid in cachectic and noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure: relationship to leg vascular resistance.
Uric acid in chronic heart failure: a marker of chronic inflammation.
Uric Acid Is a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress in the Failing Heart: Lessons Learned from Trials With Allopurinol and SGLT2 Inhibitors.
Uric acid lowering therapy in cardiovascular diseases.
Uric acid predicts clinical outcomes in heart failure: insights regarding the role of xanthine oxidase and uric acid in disease pathophysiology.
Uric acid, heart failure survival, and the impact of xanthine oxidase inhibition.
Uric acid, xanthine oxidase and heart failure: unresolved issues.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition ameliorates cardiovascular dysfunction in dogs with pacing-induced heart failure.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition and heart failure: novel therapeutic strategy for ventricular dysfunction?
Xanthine oxidase inhibition for chronic heart failure: is allopurinol the next therapeutic advance in heart failure?
Xanthine oxidase inhibition for hyperuricemic heart failure patients: design and rationale of the EXACT-HF study.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition with febuxostat attenuates systolic overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors improve energetics and function after infarction in failing mouse hearts.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors in elderly patients with heart failure: useful or useless?
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors in heart failure: where do we go from here?
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors the unappreciated treatment for heart failure.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: an emerging class of drugs for heart failure.
[Changes in xanthine oxidase activity in patients with circulatory failure]
[Effect of concomitant chronic kidney disease on the xanthine metabolism in patients with chronic heart failure].
Heart Failure, Systolic
Uric acid level and allopurinol use as risk markers of mortality and morbidity in systolic heart failure.
Hematologic Neoplasms
A pilot assessment of xanthine oxidase activity in plasma from patients with hematological malignancies using a highly sensitive assay.
Controlling serum uric acid using febuxostat in cancer patients at risk of tumor lysis syndrome.
Febuxostat for management of tumor lysis syndrome including its effects on levels of purine metabolites in patients with hematological malignancies - a single institution's, pharmacokinetic and pilot prospective study.
Prevention and treatment of hyperuricemia in hematological malignancies.
Hemochromatosis
Haemochromatosis and hepatic xanthine oxidase.
Hereditary hemochromatosis disrupts uric acid homeostasis and causes hyperuricemia via altered expression/activity of xanthine oxidase and ABCG2.
XANTHINE OXIDASE AND HEMOCHROMATOSIS.
Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean
Determination of serum adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase levels in patients with crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever.
Hemorrhagic Stroke
Plasma values of oxidants and antioxidants in acute brain hemorrhage: role of free radicals in the development of brain injury.
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease
Hyperuricemia and bone marrow transplantation.
Hepatitis
A link between extracellular reactive oxygen and endotoxin-induced release of tumour necrosis factor alpha in vivo.
Antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects of baicalein, baicalin and wogonin.
Diagnostic value of determination of serum xanthine oxidase activity in acute viral hepatitis.
Inhibitory effects of flavonoids on xanthine oxidase.
Inhibitory effects of plant growth regulators on xanthine oxidase.
Oxidation of circulating proteins in alcoholics: role of acetaldehyde and xanthine oxidase.
Progress towards the discovery of xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Structure-activity relationship of caffeic acid analogues on xanthine oxidase inhibition.
Xanthine oxidase in serum of viral hepatitis patients may interfere in urate determination by endpoint measurement with xanthine in the reagent mixture.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Alsophila spinulosa (Hook) Tryon.
[Xanthine oxidase activity: O2-dependent and NAD+-dependent forms in the liver, in rats with adjuvant arthritis and hepatitis]
Hepatitis A
Serum xanthine oxidase in jaundice.
Hepatitis C
Determination of human plasma xanthine oxidase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Hepatitis, Autoimmune
Use of a xanthine oxidase inhibitor in autoimmune hepatitis.
Hepatolenticular Degeneration
Iron depletion prevents adenine nucleotide decomposition and an increase of xanthine oxidase activity in the liver of the Long Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat, an animal model of Wilson's disease.
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypercholesterolemia increases endothelial superoxide anion production.
L-Arginine inhibits xanthine oxidase-dependent endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia.
The Crucial Role of Xanthine Oxidase in CKD Progression Associated with Hypercholesterolemia.
The emerging role of xanthine oxidase inhibition for suppression of breast cancer cell migration and metastasis associated with hypercholesterolemia.
The role of peroxidases in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Hyperglycemia
Exposure of human keratinocytes to ischemia, hyperglycemia and their combination induces oxidative stress via the enzymes inducible nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase.
Metabonomics revealed xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces insulin resistance and metabolic disorders with development of brain damage and dysfunction.
The role of peroxidases in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Hyperinsulinism
Effects of Body Mass Index, Glycemic Control, and Hypoglycemic Drugs on Serum Uric Acid Levels in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.
Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined
Increased plasma xanthine oxidase activity is related to nuclear factor kappa beta activation and inflammatory markers in familial combined hyperlipidemia.
Hyperlipidemias
Effect of febuxostat on biochemical parameters of hyperlipidemia induced by a high-fat diet in rabbits.
Increased plasma xanthine oxidase activity is related to nuclear factor kappa beta activation and inflammatory markers in familial combined hyperlipidemia.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces insulin resistance and metabolic disorders with development of brain damage and dysfunction.
Pivotal role of xanthine oxidase in the initiation of tubulointerstitial renal injury in rats with hyperlipidemia.
Redox-related biomarkers in human cardiovascular disease - classical footprints and beyond.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor tungsten prevents the development of atherosclerosis in ApoE knockout mice fed a Western-type diet.
Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV
Xanthine oxidase and triglycerides in serum of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, type IV.
Hyperlipoproteinemias
Xanthine oxidase and triglycerides in serum of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, type IV.
Hyperoxaluria
Calcium oxalate precipitation in urine following T.U.R. with glycine as irrigation fluid.
Hypersensitivity
Delayed-type hypersensitivity to oral and parenteral drugs.
Hypertension
A mechanism of oxygen free radical production in the Dahl hypertensive rat.
Allopurinol does not Decrease Blood Pressure or Prevent the Development of Hypertension in the Doca-Salt Rat Model.
Allopurinol normalizes endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetics with mild hypertension.
Early-onset metabolic syndrome in mice lacking the intestinal uric acid transporter SLC2A9.
Effect of Febuxostat on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Subjects With Hyperuricemia and Hypertension: A Phase 2 Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study.
Effect of Febuxostat, a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor, on Cardiovascular Risk in Hyperuricemic Patients with Hypertension: A Prospective, Open-label, Pilot Study.
Effect of fenofibrate on uric acid level in patients with gout.
Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of febuxostat, a non-purine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
Effects of allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, on renal injury in hypercholesterolemia-induced hypertensive rats.
Effects of losartan and allopurinol on cardiorespiratory regulation in obstructive sleep apnoea.
Elevated uric acid increases blood pressure in the rat by a novel crystal-independent mechanism.
Endothelial function and hypertension.
Endothelin-1-induced oxidative stress in DOCA-salt hypertension involves NADPH-oxidase-independent mechanisms.
Guava leaves polyphenolics-rich extract inhibits vital enzymes implicated in gout and hypertension in vitro.
Increased xanthine oxidase activity in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Inhibitory influences of xanthine oxidase inhibitor and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor on multinucleated giant cell formation from monocytes by downregulation of adhesion molecules and purinergic receptors.
Long-term inhibition of xanthine oxidase by febuxostat does not decrease blood pressure in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats.
Natural Antioxidants and Hypertension: Promise and Challenges.
Nicardipine normalizes elevated levels of antioxidant activity in response to xanthine oxidase-induced oxidative stress in hypertensive rat heart.
Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in hypertension.
Plasma xanthine oxidase activity is related to increased sodium and left ventricular hypertrophy in resistant hypertension.
Protective effects of therapy with a protease and xanthine oxidase inhibitor in short form pancreatic biliary obstruction and ischemia in rats.
Reactive oxygen species and glucocorticoid-induced hypertension.
Redox-related biomarkers in human cardiovascular disease - classical footprints and beyond.
Renal denervation attenuates hypertension and renal dysfunction in a model of cardiovascular and renal disease, which is associated with reduced NADPH and xanthine oxidase activity.
Response to ischemia-reperfusion injury in hypertrophic heart. Role of free-radical metabolic pathways.
Role of xanthine oxidase in dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats.
Signaling pathways of mechanotransduction in arteriolar endothelium and smooth muscle cells in hypertension.
The inflammatory aspect of the microcirculation in hypertension: oxidative stress, leukocytes/endothelial interaction, apoptosis.
The relationship between hypertension and plasma allantoin, uric acid, xanthine oxidase activity and nitrite, and their predictive capacity in severe preeclampsia.
The release of the substrate for xanthine oxidase in hypertensive patients was suppressed by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and alpha1-blockers.
The role of peroxidases in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Treatment with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat lowers uric acid and alleviates systemic and glomerular hypertension in experimental hyperuricaemia.
Uric acid lowering therapy in cardiovascular diseases.
Uric acid, xanthine oxidase and other risk factors of hypertension in normotensive subjects.
Vascular endothelium dysfunction: a conservative target in metabolic disorders.
Vascular Structure and Oxidative Stress in Salt-Loaded Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: Effects of Losartan and Atenolol.
Weight Loss Mediated Reduction in Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Uric Acid Clearance in Adolescents with Severe Obesity.
Xanthine oxidase activity associated with arterial blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Xanthine oxidase activity in patients with age-related cataract associated with hypertension.
Xanthine oxidase activity in the dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rat.
Xanthine oxidase gene variants and their association with blood pressure and incident hypertension: a population study.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition as a Potential Treatment for Aortic Stiffness in Hypertension.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: a patent survey.
Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced
Xanthine oxidase activation in mild gestational hypertension.
Hypertension, Pulmonary
Contribution of xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide to chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in neonatal rats.
Human platelets modulate edema formation in isolated rabbit lungs.
Reactive oxygen species and RhoA signaling in vascular smooth muscle: role in chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
[D-penicillamine: old drug, new indication? D-penicillamine reduced pulmonary hypertension induced by free radicals]
Hyperthyroidism
Lipid peroxidation levels in rat cardiac muscle are affected by age and thyroid status.
The role of allopurinol on oxidative stress in experimental hyperthyroidism.
Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular
Allopurinol is an independent determinant of improved arterial stiffness in chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study.
Association between long-term prescription of febuxostat and the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in patients with hypertension and asymptomatic hyperuricemia.
Delayed treatment effects of xanthine oxidase inhibition on systolic overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction.
Plasma xanthine oxidase activity is related to increased sodium and left ventricular hypertrophy in resistant hypertension.
Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update From Molecular Mechanism to Clinical Perspective.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition with febuxostat attenuates systolic overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice.
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome
Allopurinol neurocardiac protection trial in infants undergoing heart surgery using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
The pharmacokinetics of injectable allopurinol in newborns with the hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Hypotension
Ischemic injury in the cat small intestine: role of superoxide radicals.
Studies on the oxygen radical mechanism involved in the small intestinal reperfusion damage.
The effect of allopurinol and catalase on cardiovascular hemodynamics during hemorrhagic shock.
Zonal heterogeneity of hepatic injury following shock/resuscitation: relationship of xanthine oxidase activity to localization of neutrophil accumulation and central lobular necrosis.
Hypothyroidism
Intensification of Doxorubicin-Related Oxidative Stress in the Heart by Hypothyroidism Is Not Related to the Expression of Cytochrome P450 NADPH-Reductase and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, As Well As Activity of Xanthine Oxidase.
hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency
Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for the screening of disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Hypoxia, Brain
Effect of allopurinol on hypoxia-induced modification of the NMDA receptor in newborn piglets.
Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain
Xanthine oxidase does not contribute to apoptosis after brain hypoxia-ischemia in immature rabbits.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Inducible nitric oxide synthase, but not xanthine oxidase, is highly expressed in interstitial pneumonias and granulomatous diseases of human lung.
IgA Vasculitis
Elevated serum xanthine oxidase activities in patients with Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
Infant, Newborn, Diseases
Contribution of oxygen-derived free radicals to experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.
Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery
The effect of allopurinol on focal cerebral ischaemia: an experimental study in rabbits.
Infections
Antioxidant activities of some tryptophan metabolites: possible implication for inflammatory diseases.
Changes in hepatic superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase activity in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Effect of poly ICLC treatment on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defense indices in Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infected mice.
Effect of Wen-Pi-Tang extract on lung damage by influenza virus infection.
Elevated level of renal xanthine oxidase mRNA transcription after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection in growing layers.
Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on PCV2 infected mice.
Induction of nitric oxide synthesis and xanthine oxidase and their roles in the antimicrobial mechanism against Salmonella typhimurium infection in mice.
Induction of Xanthine Oxidase by Virus Infections in Newborn Mice.
Influence of cortisone and cyclophosphamide on xanthine oxidase bacterial activation.
Inhibition of uric acid or IL-1? ameliorates respiratory syncytial virus immunopathology and development of asthma.
Levels and interactions of plasma xanthine oxidase, catalase and liver function parameters in Nigerian children with Plasmodium falciparum infection.
New markers: urine xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase in the early detection of urinary tract infection.
Oxidants and antioxidants in viral diseases: disease mechanisms and metabolic regulation.
Pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus-associated pneumonitis in ICR mice: possible involvement of superoxide radicals.
Prion protein protects mice from lethal infection with influenza A viruses.
Review: Proteomic approaches to control lactational parameters in dairy cows.
Role of Host Xanthine Oxidase in Infection Due to Enteropathogenic and Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli.
Role of host xanthine oxidase in infection due to enteropathogenic and Shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli.
Status of hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defense systems during chloroquine treatment of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infected mice.
Studies on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defence system during chloroquine/poly ICLC treatment of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infected mice.
Studies on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defence systems during arteether treatment of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infected mice.
The effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on oxidative stress induced by PCV2 infection in immune cells: in vitro and in vivo studies.
The effects of increased cAMP content on inflammation, oxidative stress and PDE4 transcripts during Brucella melitensis infection.
The link between infection and cancer: Tumor vasculature, free radicals, and drug delivery to tumors via the EPR effect.
Treatment of experimental pyelonephritis in the monkey.
Urine xanthine oxidase activity in urinary tract infection.
Xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation in Mastomys natalensis: effect of Dipetalonema viteae infection.
[Deleterious pathogenic mechanism involving host response in influenza virus infection in mice]
Infertility, Male
Effect of reactive oxygen species and the activity of antioxidant systems on human semen; association with male infertility.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors suppress testicular germ cell apoptosis induced by experimental cryptorchidism.
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Limited intra-individual variability in hypoxanthine-Guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, thiopurine S-methyl transferase, and xanthine oxidase activity in inflammatory bowel disease patients during 6-thioguanine therapy.
Water soluble PEG-conjugate of xanthine oxidase inhibitor, PEG-AHPP micelles, as a novel therapeutic for ROS related inflammatory bowel diseases.
Xanthine oxidase activity in thiopurine curative Chinese inflammatory bowel disease patients.
[Free radicals in digestive diseases]
Influenza, Human
Dependence on O2- generation by xanthine oxidase of pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice.
Effect of Wen-Pi-Tang extract on lung damage by influenza virus infection.
Nitric oxide and oxygen radicals in infection, inflammation, and cancer.
Oxygen radicals in influenza-induced pathogenesis and treatment with pyran polymer-conjugated SOD.
Protective effect of n-acetylcysteine in a model of influenza infection in mice.
Insulin Resistance
Activity of xanthine oxidase in plasma correlates with indices of insulin resistance and liver dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: A pilot exploratory study.
Dapagliflozin and xanthine oxidase inhibitors improve insulin resistance and modulate renal glucose and urate transport in metabolic syndrome.
Insulin resistance and depressed cardiac G6PD activity induced by glucocorticoid exposure during pregnancy are attenuated by maternal estrogen-progestin therapy.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces insulin resistance and metabolic disorders with development of brain damage and dysfunction.
Suppression of uric acid and lactate production by sodium acetate ameliorates hepatic triglyceride accumulation in fructose-insulin resistant pregnant rats.
Uric Acid promotes left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in mice fed a Western diet.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition alleviates the cardiac complications of insulin resistance: effect on low grade inflammation and the angiotensin system.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates insulin resistance and diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice.
Intermittent Claudication
Oster rediscovered--mega-dose folate for symptomatic atherosclerosis.
Intracranial Aneurysm
Increased oxidative stress and xanthine oxidase activity in human ruptured cerebral aneurysms.
Iron Deficiencies
Effect of molybdenum-deficient and low iron diets on xanthine oxidase activity and iron status in rats.
Iron Overload
Evidence that iron-overload promotes 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- induced skin tumorigenesis in mice.
Ischemic Stroke
Plasma oxidants and antioxidants in acute ischaemic stroke.
Superoxide dismutase activity in serum of patients with acute cerebral ischemic injury. Correlation with clinical course and infarct size.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the improvement of long-term outcomes following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST) - Protocol for a randomised double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Keloid
[Activity detection and immunohistochemistry study on xanthine oxidase in pathological scars]
Keratoconus
Xanthine oxidase enzyme activity in keratoconic corneal epithelium.
Ketosis
Procedures for microencapsulation of enzymes, cells and genetically engineered microorganisms.
Kidney Calculi
Allopurinol and loss of consciousness in a 78-old year man suffering from gout.
Association of Serum Uric Acid and Incident Nonspine Fractures in Elderly Men: The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study.
Management of acute and chronic gouty arthritis: present state-of-the-art.
Prevention and management of gout.
Kidney Diseases
Medications for gout and its comorbidities: mutual benefits?
Recent evidence on the effect of urate-lowering treatment on the progression of kidney disease.
Relationship between serum uric acid and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors and renal disorders among Shanghai population: a multicentre and cross-sectional study.
Kidney Failure, Chronic
Serum xanthine oxidase in jaundice.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Exerts an Anti-Inflammatory Action and Protects against Diabetic Nephropathy Development in KK-Ay Obese Diabetic Mice.
Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
Chemical diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection.
Microencapsulated xanthine oxidase as experimental therapy in Lesch-Nyhan disease.
Procedures for microencapsulation of enzymes, cells and genetically engineered microorganisms.
Leukemia
Antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities of rice bran extracts in chemical and cell assays.
Cocoa Polyphenols Inhibit Phorbol Ester-Induced Superoxide Anion Formation in Cultured HL-60 Cells and Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Activation of NF-{kappa}B and MAPKs in Mouse Skin In Vivo.
Identification and antioxidant activity of novel chlorogenic acid derivatives from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis).
Modification of oligosaccharides by reactive oxygen species decreases sialyl lewis x-mediated cell adhesion.
Molecular mechanisms underlying anti-tumor promoting activities of heat-processed Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
PREVENTION OF HYPERURICEMIA IN LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA: USE OF ALOPURINOL, A XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition in the management of hyperuricemia in leukemias and lymphomas.
Zerumbone, a Southeast Asian ginger sesquiterpene, markedly suppresses free radical generation, proinflammatory protein production, and cancer cell proliferation accompanied by apoptosis: the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group is a prerequisite.
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
Zerumbone, a Southeast Asian ginger sesquiterpene, markedly suppresses free radical generation, proinflammatory protein production, and cancer cell proliferation accompanied by apoptosis: the alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group is a prerequisite.
Leukopenia
Interaction of platelet activating factor, reactive oxygen species generated by xanthine oxidase, and leukocytes in the generation of hepatic injury after shock/resuscitation.
Thiopurine therapies: problems, complexities, and progress with monitoring thioguanine nucleotides.
Leukostasis
Xanthine oxidase and superoxide radicals in portal triad crossclamping-induced microvascular reperfusion injury of the liver.
Liver Cirrhosis
Liver cirrhosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and the effect of superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase inhibitor treatment.
Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary
Secondary biliary cirrhosis in the rat is prevented by decreasing NF-?B nuclear translocation and TGF-? expression using allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
Liver Diseases
Activity of xanthine oxidase in plasma correlates with indices of insulin resistance and liver dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: A pilot exploratory study.
Allopurinol Prevents the Lipogenic Response Induced by an Acute Oral Fructose Challenge in Short-Term Fructose Fed Rats.
An ethanol-extract of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Vitaceae) berries decreases ferrous iron-stimulated hepatocyte injury in culture.
Determination of xanthine oxidase in human serum by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Involvement of xanthine oxidase and paraoxonase 1 in the process of oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Oxidation of circulating proteins in alcoholics: role of acetaldehyde and xanthine oxidase.
Serum xanthine oxidase and liver disease.
Serum xanthine oxidase in human liver disease.
Sodium acetate protects against nicotine-induced excess hepatic lipid in male rats by suppressing xanthine oxidase activity.
Xanthine oxidase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperuricemia: One stone hits two birds.
Xanthine oxidoreductase is present in bile ducts of normal and cirrhotic liver.
Lung Diseases
Detection of xanthine oxidase activity products by EPR and HPLC in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
Effects of inducible nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase inhibitors on SEB-induced interstitial pneumonia in mice.
Inducible nitric oxide synthase, but not xanthine oxidase, is highly expressed in interstitial pneumonias and granulomatous diseases of human lung.
Lung Injury
Assisted mechanical ventilation using elastic unloading: a study in cats with normal and injured lungs.
Decrease of ischaemia-reperfusion related lung oedema by continuous ventilation and allopurinol in rat perfusion lung model.
Desflurane increases pulmonary alveolar-capillary membrane permeability after aortic occlusion-reperfusion in rabbits: evidence of oxidant-mediated lung injury.
Enhanced levels of lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase activity in the lung of male Sprague-Dawley rats following treatment with O,O,S-trimethyl phosphorothioate.
Febuxostat, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase, ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced lung injury by suppressing caspase-3, oxidative stress and NF-?B.
FNLP injures endotoxin-primed rat lung by neutrophil-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
Gastric intramucosal pH and multiple organ injury: impact of ischemia-reperfusion and xanthine oxidase.
Global effects of xanthine oxidase stress on alveolar type II cells.
Hypercapnic acidosis may attenuate acute lung injury by inhibition of endogenous xanthine oxidase.
In Vivo evidence of free radical generation in the mouse lung after exposure to Pseudomonas Aeruginosa bacterium: An ESR spin-trapping investigation.
Lung injury after hepatoenteric ischemia-reperfusion: role of xanthine oxidase.
Lung injury and complement activation: role of neutrophils and xanthine oxidase.
Nitroglycerin does not alter pulmonary vascular permeability in isolated rabbit lungs.
Oxidative stress in early stage of acute lung injury induced with oleic acid in guinea pigs.
PentaLyte decreases lung injury after aortic occlusion-reperfusion.
Respiratory failure caused by intratracheal saline: additive effect of xanthine oxidase.
Role of xanthine oxidase and neutrophils in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit lung.
Simultaneous liver and lung injury following gut ischemia is mediated by xanthine oxidase.
Synergistic production of lung free radicals by diesel exhaust particles and endotoxin.
Upregulation of xanthine oxidase by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1, and hypoxia. Role in acute lung injury.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates ischemic-reperfusion lung injury.
Xanthine oxidase-induced lung injury inhibits removal of 5-hydroxytryptamine from the pulmonary circulation.
Lung Neoplasms
Effect of TEI-6720, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, on the nucleoside transport in the lung cancer cell line A549.
Glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, xanthine oxidase, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase activities, total glutathione, nitric oxide, and malondialdehyde levels in erythrocytes of patients with small cell and non-small cell lung cancer.
[Astragalus polysaccharide inhibits autophagy and regulates expression of autophagy-related proteins in lung cancer A549 cells induced by xanthine oxidase].
Lymphoma
PREVENTION OF HYPERURICEMIA IN LEUKEMIA AND LYMPHOMA: USE OF ALOPURINOL, A XANTHINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition in the management of hyperuricemia in leukemias and lymphomas.
Malaria
Hypoxanthine depletion induced by xanthine oxidase inhibits malaria parasite growth in vitro.
Killing of Plasmodium yoelii by enzyme-induced products of the oxidative burst.
Levels and interactions of plasma xanthine oxidase, catalase and liver function parameters in Nigerian children with Plasmodium falciparum infection.
Malaria inflammation by xanthine oxidase-produced reactive oxygen species.
Oxidative Stress Enhances Dendritic Cell Responses to Plasmodium falciparum.
Suppression of Plasmodium chabaudi parasitemia is independent of the action of reactive oxygen intermediates and/or nitric oxide.
The antioxidants as protectors of host stress organ injury in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei.
Xanthine oxidase in rodent malaria.
Malnutrition
NADPH oxidase and enhanced superoxide generation in intrauterine undernourished rats: involvement of the renin-angiotensin system.
[Behavior of xanthine oxidase in inanition and in caloric and rice-diet malnutrition.]
Melanoma
Propolin C from propolis induces apoptosis through activating caspases, Bid and cytochrome c release in human melanoma cells.
Melanoma, Experimental
The superoxide anion may mediate short- but not long-term effects of ultraviolet radiation on melanogenesis.
Meningitis
[Clinical value of the sequential study of the uric acid level in the CSF in patients with postoperative meningitis]
Meningitis, Bacterial
Marked elevation in cortical urate and xanthine oxidoreductase activity in experimental bacterial meningitis.
Meningitis, Pneumococcal
Mannitol, but not allopurinol, modulates changes in cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain water content during pneumococcal meningitis in the rat.
Mesenteric Ischemia
Allopurinol prevents intestinal permeability changes after ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Metabolic Diseases
Antioxidant Activity, Enzyme Inhibition Potentials, and Phytochemical Profiling of Premna serratifolia L. Leaf Extracts.
Metabolic Syndrome
A causal role for uric acid in fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.
Activity of xanthine oxidase in plasma correlates with indices of insulin resistance and liver dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: A pilot exploratory study.
Alkalizer administration improves renal function in hyperuricemia associated with obesity.
Dapagliflozin and xanthine oxidase inhibitors improve insulin resistance and modulate renal glucose and urate transport in metabolic syndrome.
Effects of febuxostat on metabolic and renal alterations in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome.
Extract from Eugenia punicifolia is an Antioxidant and Inhibits Enzymes Related to Metabolic Syndrome.
In silico design and synthesis of targeted rutin derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Mechanistic approach towards interaction of newly synthesized Hesperidin derivatives against xanthine oxidase.
Mediterranean diets supplemented with virgin olive oil and nuts enhance plasmatic antioxidant capabilities and decrease xanthine oxidase activity in people with metabolic syndrome: The PREDIMED study.
Plumbagin can potently enhance the activity of xanthine oxidase: in vitro, in vivo and in silico studies.
Xanthine oxidase activity is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and inflammatory and oxidative status markers in metabolic syndrome: effects of a single exercise session.
Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies
Treatment of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies with a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Preserves Left Ventricular Systolic but not Diastolic Function in Cardiac Volume Overload.
Multiple Myeloma
Bone marrow purging by a xanthine oxidase-antibody conjugate.
Serum level of Xanthine oxidase, Uric Acid, and NADPH oxidase1 in Stage I of Multiple Myeloma.
Multiple Sclerosis
Cetirizine and allopurinol as novel weapons against cellular autoimmune disorders.
Invited review: Bovine milk fat globule membrane as a potential nutraceutical.
Xanthine oxidase mediates axonal and myelin loss in a murine model of multiple sclerosis.
Muscular Atrophy
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol prevents skeletal muscle atrophy: role of p38 MAPKinase and E3 ubiquitin ligases.
Redox regulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases and their role in skeletal muscle atrophy.
Muscular Diseases
Lipid peroxidation and changes in cytochrome c oxidase and xanthine oxidase activity in organophosphorus anticholinesterase induced myopathy.
Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Xanthine oxidase is hyper-active in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Myalgia
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase to prevent statin-induced myalgia and rhabdomiolysis.
Responses of criterion variables to different supplemental doses of L-carnitine L-tartrate.
Mycosis Fungoides
Catalase, carbonic anhydrase and xanthine oxidase activities in patients with mycosis fungoides.
Myocardial Infarction
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of allopurinol in reducing the incidence of myocardial infarction following coronary artery bypass grafting.
A useful canine model of ischemic myocardium with coronary retrograde flow diversion, and its application for the study of allopurinol on myocardial infarct size.
Antibodies to xanthine oxidase: elevated levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Chronic administration of allopurinol fails to exert any cardioprotective effect in rats submitted to permanent coronary artery ligation.
Chronic xanthine oxidase inhibition following myocardial infarction in rabbits: effects of early versus delayed treatment.
Differential effects of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase inhibition on sympathetic reinnervation in postinfarct rat hearts.
Effect of allopurinol on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats after myocardial infarction.
Effect of azapropazone and allopurinol on myocardial infarct size in rats.
Effect of smoking on serum xanthine oxidase and malondialdehyde levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Effect of vitamin E on the platelet xanthine oxidase and lipid peroxidation in the patients of myocardial infarction.
Evaluation of the roles of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase in reperfusion injury in patients with myocardial infarction.
Failure of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol to limit infarct size after ischemia and reperfusion in dogs.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase in the acute phase of myocardial infarction prevents skeletal muscle abnormalities and exercise intolerance.
Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of salvianolic acid A effects on plasma xanthine oxidase activity and uric acid levels in acute myocardial infarction rats.
MR in mouse models of cardiac disease.
Non-invasive limb ischemic pre-conditioning reduces oxidative stress and attenuates myocardium ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.
Noninvasive delayed limb ischemic preconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by a mitochondrial K(ATP) channel-dependent mechanism.
Oral administration of L-arginine in patients with angina or following myocardial infarction may be protective by increasing plasma superoxide dismutase and total thiols with reduction in serum cholesterol and xanthine oxidase.
Oster rediscovered--mega-dose folate for symptomatic atherosclerosis.
The activity of xanthine oxidase in heart of pigs, guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, and humans.
Xanthine oxidase as a marker of myocardial infarction.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition with febuxostat attenuates systolic overload-induced left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors the unappreciated treatment for heart failure.
[Adenine nucleotide metabolism in acute myocardial infarct and the initiation of free-radical oxidation]
[Liraglutide attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury possibly through reducing cardiomyocytes apoptosis and oxidation in rats].
[Xanthine oxidase in homogenized cow's milk and Oster's hypothesis: a review]
Myocardial Ischemia
Age-dependent increase in xanthine oxidoreductase differs in various heart cell types.
Allopurinol therapy of ischemic heart disease with infarct extension.
Arrhythmias and infarction in the ischemic pig heart are not mediated by xanthine oxidase-derived free oxygen radicals.
Effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitor on myocardial ischemia.
Failure of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol to limit infarct size after ischemia and reperfusion in dogs.
Free radicals and myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.
Free radicals and myocardial ischemia. The role of xanthine oxidase.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase improves myocardial contractility in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy.
Ischemic heart diseases in Egypt: role of xanthine oxidase system and ischemia-modified albumin.
Nrf2 for cardiac protection: pharmacological options against oxidative stress.
Reactive oxygen species may cause myocardial reperfusion injury.
Role of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase in mediating inducible VT/VF and triggered activity in a canine model of myocardial ischemia.
The role of xanthine oxidase during myocardial ischemia in several species including man.
The xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol does not limit infarct size in a canine model of 40 minutes of ischemia with reperfusion.
Uric acid lowering therapy in cardiovascular diseases.
Xanthine oxidase as a source of free radical damage in myocardial ischemia.
[Indicator Characterizing Carbonyl-Dependent Modification of Erythrocytic Superoxydismutase as a Biochemical Marker of Oxidative Stress in Coronary Heart Disease].
Myocardial Reperfusion Injury
Evaluation of the role of xanthine oxidase in myocardial reperfusion injury.
Protection from reperfusion injury in the isolated rat heart by postischaemic deferoxamine and oxypurinol administration.
Reactive Oxygen Species in Myocardial Reperfusion Injury: From Physiopathology to Therapeutic Approaches.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition does not limit canine infarct size.
[Myocardial reperfusion injury. The role of free radicals and xanthine oxidase]
Myocardial Stunning
Effects of verapamil on myocardial stunning in xanthine-oxidase deficient hearts: pre-treatment vs. post-ischemic treatment.
Evidence for a pathogenetic role of xanthine oxidase in the "stunned" myocardium.
Evidence for an essential role of reactive oxygen species in the genesis of late preconditioning against myocardial stunning in conscious pigs.
Superoxide dismutase attenuated post-ischaemic contractile dysfunction in a myocardial xanthine oxidase deficient species.
Neoplasm Metastasis
The emerging role of xanthine oxidase inhibition for suppression of breast cancer cell migration and metastasis associated with hypercholesterolemia.
Neoplasms
2-Methoxyestradiol enhances reactive oxygen species formation and increases the efficacy of oxygen radical generating tumor treatment.
A novel cancer therapy based on oxygen radicals.
A novel strategy for treatment of cancer cachexia targeting xanthine oxidase in the brain.
Ability of okadaic acid and other protein phosphatase inhibitors to mimic the stimulatory effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on hydroperoxide production in mouse epidermis in vivo.
ADENOSINE DEAMINASE AND XANTHINE OXIDASE ACTIVITIES IN TUMOR BEARING RATS.
Adenosine deaminase, nucleoside phorphorylase and xanthine oxidase in liver tumours.
Allopurinol and xanthine oxidase inhibition in liver ischemia reperfusion.
An in-depth view of potential dual effect of thymol in inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity: Electrochemical measurements in combination with four way PARAFAC analysis and molecular docking insights.
Anticarcinogenic effect of Nymphaea alba against oxidative damage, hyperproliferative response and renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats.
Anticolon Cancer Properties of Pyrazole Derivatives Acting through Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition.
Antioxidative, antimutagenic, and anticarcinogenic activities of rice bran extracts in chemical and cell assays.
Attenuation of Neutrophil Infiltration and Proinflammatory Cytokines by Cissus QuadrangularisA Possible Prevention Against Gastric Ulcerogenesis.
Autophagy-Regulated ROS from Xanthine Oxidase Acts as an Early Effector for Triggering Late Mitochondria-Dependent Apoptosis in Cathepsin S-Targeted Tumor Cells.
Barbiturate derivatives for managing multifaceted oncogenic pathways: A mini review.
Berberine-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species generation.
Biochemical and morphological alterations in xylazine-induced pulmonary edema.
Catalase, carbonic anhydrase and xanthine oxidase activities in patients with mycosis fungoides.
Chemomodulatory effect of Ficus racemosa extract against chemically induced renal carcinogenesis and oxidative damage response in Wistar rats.
Chinese Herbs and Repurposing Old Drugs as Therapeutic Agents in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Pulmonary Diseases.
Chronic obstructive sleep apnea promotes aortic remodeling in canines through miR-145/Smad3 signaling pathway.
Cisplatin-induced renal toxicity via tumor necrosis factor-?, interleukin 6, tumor suppressor P53, DNA damage, xanthine oxidase, histological changes, oxidative stress and nitric oxide in rats: Protective effect of ginseng.
Comparative study concerning mistletoe viscotoxins antitumor activity.
Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase as a possible marker for hypoxia in tumours and normal tissues.
Cytotoxicity of lipophilic statins depends on their combined actions on HIF-1? expression and redox status in B16.F10 melanoma cells.
Dietary menhaden oil enhances mitomycin C antitumor activity toward human mammary carcinoma MX-1.
Dietary Trans Fats Enhance Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity in Mice.
Discovery of Novel Allopurinol Derivatives with Anticancer Activity and Attenuated Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition.
Discussion on mammary tumors: xanthine oxidase activity in normal & abnormal growth.
Effect of Holstein genotype on innate immune and metabolic responses of heifers to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration.
Effect of simultaneous inhibition of TNF-alpha production and xanthine oxidase in experimental acute pancreatitis: the role of mitogen activated protein kinases.
Effects of Aster glehni Extract on Serum Uric Acid in Subjects with Mild Hyperuricemia: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.
Efficacy and safety of febuxostat for prevention of tumor lysis syndrome in patients with malignant tumors receiving chemotherapy: a phase III, randomized, multi-center trial comparing febuxostat and allopurinol.
Efficacy of a Standardized Turmeric Extract Comprised of 70% Bisdemothoxy-Curcumin (REVERC3) Against LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW264.7 Cells and Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema.
Efficiency of ginger (Zingbar officinale) against Schistosoma mansoni infection during host-parasite association.
Enhanced oral bioavailability and anti-gout activity of [6]-shogaol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles.
Enhancement of oxidative cell injury and antitumor effects of localized 44 degrees C hyperthermia upon combination with respiratory hyperoxia and xanthine oxidase.
Environmental enrichment improves age-related immune system impairment: long-term exposure since adulthood increases life span in mice.
Evidence that iron-overload promotes 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene- induced skin tumorigenesis in mice.
Febuxostat improves outcome in a rat model of cancer cachexia.
Febuxostat Improves the Local and Remote Organ Changes Induced by Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion in Rats.
Febuxostat-associated eosinophilic polymyositis in marginal zone lymphoma.
Generation of reactive oxygen radicals through bioactivation of mitomycin antibiotics.
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) for the treatment and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis.
HDAC11 deletion reduces fructose-induced cardiac dyslipidemia, apoptosis and inflammation by attenuating oxidative stress injury.
Human red blood cell membrane oxidase and horseradish peroxidase cleavage of folic acid: evidence for formation of singlet oxygen.
Hyperthermia enhances the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species to Chinese hamster cells and bovine endothelial cells in vitro.
Hypouricemic and Nephroprotective Effects of an Active Fraction from Polyrhachis Vicina Roger On Potassium Oxonate-Induced Hyperuricemia in Rats.
Hypouricemic effect and safety of febuxostat used for prevention of tumor lysis syndrome.
Imbalance of purine metabolism in hepatomas of different growth rates as expressed in behavior of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2).
In silico design and synthesis of targeted rutin derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
In vitro effects of mangiferin on superoxide concentrations and expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta genes.
Influence of heating on the activity of xanthine oxidase in tumor cells subjected to the phototoxic action of hematoporphyrin derivative.
Inhibition of two stage renal carcinogenesis, oxidative damage and hyperproliferative response by Nigella sativa.
Inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces wasting and improves outcome in a rat model of cancer cachexia.
Inhibitory effect of curcumin on xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate in NIH3T3 cells.
Inhibitory effects of carotenoids on the invasion of rat ascites hepatoma cells in culture.
Inhibitory effects of plant growth regulators on xanthine oxidase.
Invited review: Bovine milk fat globule membrane as a potential nutraceutical.
Ischaemia-reperfusion injury in photodynamic therapy-treated mouse tumours.
Jasonia glutinosa (L.) DC., a traditional herbal medicine, reduces inflammation, oxidative stress and protects the intestinal barrier in a murine model of colitis.
Levels of certain tumor markers as differential factors between bilharzial and non-biharzial bladder cancer among Egyptian patients.
Low CYP1A2 activity in rural Shona children of Zimbabwe.
Lupeol, a triterpene, prevents free radical mediated macromolecular damage and alleviates benzoyl peroxide induced biochemical alterations in murine skin.
Malignant transformation-linked imbalance: decreased xanthine oxidase activity in hepatomas.
Mechanisms of endothelial cell killing by H2O2 or products of activated neutrophils.
Mechanistic approach towards interaction of newly synthesized Hesperidin derivatives against xanthine oxidase.
Metformin protects against diabetes-induced heart injury and dunning prostate cancer model.
Modeling the effects of estradiol and progesterone on the acute phase proinflammatory axis: Variability in tumor necrosis factor-?, nitric oxide, and xanthine oxidase responses to endotoxin challenge in steers.
Modulatory effects of Pluchea lanceolata against chemically induced oxidative damage, hyperproliferation and two-stage renal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats.
Monosodium Urate and Tumor Necrosis Factor-? Increase Apoptosis in Human Chondrocyte Cultures.
Murine epidermal xanthine oxidase activity: correlation with degree of hyperplasia induced by tumor promoters.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis as an Overhealing Wound: Implications in Malignant Transformation.
Oxidoreductase activities in normal rat liver, tumor-bearing rat liver, and hepatoma HC-252.
Reactive oxygen-mediated damage to murine mammary tumor cells.
Regulation of GTP biosynthesis.
Relationship between serum uric acid and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors and renal disorders among Shanghai population: a multicentre and cross-sectional study.
Role of NADPH oxidase/ROS in pro-inflammatory mediators-induced airway and pulmonary diseases.
Rosiglitazone, an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, protects against gastric ischemia-reperfusion damage in rats: role of oxygen free radicals generation.
Salix caprea inhibits skin carcinogenesis in murine skin: inhibition of oxidative stress, ornithine decarboxylase activity and DNA synthesis.
Serum and liver xanthine oxidase activity in tumor bearing rats and mice.
Serum xanthine oxidase in bladder carcinoma.
Serum xanthine oxidase in breast carcinoma.
Structure-activity relationship of caffeic acid analogues on xanthine oxidase inhibition.
Studies in tissue metabolism: Lactic dehydrogenase, xanthine oxidase and nucleosidase in tumour and muscle extracts.
Sublethal oxidative stress inhibits tumor cell adhesion and enhances experimental metastasis of murine mammary carcinoma.
Superoxide, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite and cytokine combinations all cause functional impairment and morphological changes in rat islets of Langerhans and insulin secreting cell lines, but dictate cell death by different mechanisms.
Synergistic antioxidant capacities of vanillin and chitosan nanoparticles against reactive oxygen species, hepatotoxicity, and genotoxicity induced by aging in male Wistar rats.
Synthesis and antioxidant, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activities of novel curcumin mimics.
Synthesis of N-aryl-5-amino-4-cyanopyrazole derivatives as potent xanthine oxidase inhibitors.
Synthesis of resveratrol analogues, and evaluation of their cytotoxic and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities.
Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of bis-chalcone derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors and anticancer agents.
The effects of the Pringle maneuver on the pancreas: can octreotide be protective?
The emerging role of xanthine oxidase inhibition for suppression of breast cancer cell migration and metastasis associated with hypercholesterolemia.
The Impact of Pre-Cooling and CoQ10 Supplementation on Mediators of Inflammatory Cytokines in Elite Swimmers.
The inhibition of DMBA-induced carcinogenesis by neoxanthin in hamster buccal pouch.
The inhibitory effects of allopurinol on the production and cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor.
The pathogenesis of L-arginine-induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis: inflammatory mediators and endogenous cholecystokinin.
THE PURINES AND PURINE METABOLISM OF SOME TUMORS IN DOMESTIC ANIMALS.
The relation of diet, hormones, and tumors to the activity of liver xanthine oxidase in the rat.
The Roles of ROS Generation in RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis: Suppressive Effects of Febuxostat.
The xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol reduces cancer cachexia-induced cardiomyopathy.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha alters response of lung cancer cells to oxidative stress.
Tumor Promotion and Oxidative Stress in Ferric Nitrilotriacetate-Mediated Renal Carcinogenesis: Protection by Adhatoda vasica.
Uric Acid: The Lower the Better?
Variability in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, and xanthine oxidase responses to endotoxin challenge in heifers: effect of estrous cycle stage.
Vitamin U has a protective effect on valproic acid-induced renal damage due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic properties.
Xanthine oxidase activity in intestinal tumors induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride.
Xanthine oxidase and tumor necrosis factor alpha: possible mediators of remote tissue injury after viper envenomation.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Alsophila spinulosa (Hook) Tryon.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors: a patent survey.
Xanthine oxidase levels in human brain tumors.
Xanthine oxidase-activated prodrugs of thymidine phosphorylase inhibitors.
Xanthine Oxidase/Dehydrogenase Activity as a Source of Oxidative Stress in Prostate Cancer Tissue.
[Clinical value of the sequential study of the uric acid in CSF in patients with cerebral diseases: Part I. Brain tumor and the effect of irradiation]
[Determination of xanthine oxidase in tissue cultures, in tissue slices and in tumor cell suspensions]
[Dynamics of the cytokines, homocysteine contents, indices of oxydative and nitrosative stress and cytopathic hypoxia in patients after cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Connection with rate of postoperative purulent-inflammatory complications]
[Effect of danhong injection on cerebral injury in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft operation with extracorporeal circulation]
[Paeoniflorin Improves Acute Lung Injury in Sepsis by Activating Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway].
[Protective effects of tongli gongxia herbs on gut barrier in rat with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome]
[Xanthine oxidase activity in transplantable Guerin's carcinoma in rats]
[Xanthine oxydase activity in the rat liver tissue in the process oncogenesis]
Nephrolithiasis
Beware the low urine pH-the major cause of the increased prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the patient with type 2 diabetes.
Chemical diagnosis of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detection.
Nephrosis
Effect of dietary protein restriction on renal purines and purine-metabolizing enzymes in adriamycin nephrosis in rats: a mechanism for protection against acute proteinuria involving xanthine oxidase inhibition.
Modulation of proteinuria and renal xanthine oxidase activity by dietary proteins in acute adriamycin nephrosis in rats: lack of correlation with intra- and extracellular amino acids.
Podocyte architecture in puromycin aminonucleoside-treated rats administered tungsten or allopurinol.
Renal purine efflux and xanthine oxidase activity during experimental nephrosis in rats: difference between puromycin aminonucleoside and adriamycin nephrosis.
Nervous System Diseases
Testosterone induces neuroprotection from oxidative stress. Effects on catalase activity and 3-nitro-L-tyrosine incorporation into alpha-tubulin in a mouse neuroblastoma cell line.
Neuralgia
Assessment of anti-nociceptive effect of allopurinol in a neuropathic pain model.
Neuroblastoma
A comparison of purine metabolism and nucleotide pools in normal and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient neuroblastoma cells.
Effects of C-reactive protein and pentosan polysulphate on human complement activation.
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Xanthine oxidase-induced neuronal death via the oxidation of NADH: prevention by micromolar EDTA.
Neurologic Manifestations
[Treatment of Lesch-Nyhan syndrome]
Neutropenia
Neutrophil mediated microvascular injury in acute, experimental compartment syndrome.
Should 6-thioguanine nucleotides be monitored in heart transplant recipients given azathioprine?
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Allopurinol Prevents the Lipogenic Response Induced by an Acute Oral Fructose Challenge in Short-Term Fructose Fed Rats.
Gender effect of hyperuricemia on the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A clinical analysis and mechanistic study.
Involvement of xanthine oxidase and paraoxonase 1 in the process of oxidative stress in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver induces insulin resistance and metabolic disorders with development of brain damage and dysfunction.
Sodium acetate protects against nicotine-induced excess hepatic lipid in male rats by suppressing xanthine oxidase activity.
The xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat suppresses development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a rodent model.
Xanthine oxidase in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperuricemia: One stone hits two birds.
Obesity
Alkalizer administration improves renal function in hyperuricemia associated with obesity.
Body mass index is independently associated with xanthine oxidase activity in overweight/obese population.
The mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant MitoQ ameliorates metabolic syndrome features in obesogenic diet-fed rats better than Apocynin or Allopurinol.
Weight Loss Mediated Reduction in Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Uric Acid Clearance in Adolescents with Severe Obesity.
Xanthine oxidase and cardiovascular risk in obese children.
Obesity, Morbid
Sleeve gastrectomy reduces xanthine oxidase and uric acid in a rat model of morbid obesity.
Weight Loss Mediated Reduction in Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Uric Acid Clearance in Adolescents with Severe Obesity.
Oligospermia
The significance of testicular reactive oxygen species on testicular histology in infertile patients.
ornithine carbamoyltransferase deficiency
Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for the screening of disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase Deficiency Disease
Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for the screening of disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Osteoarthritis
Oxygen free radical in human osteoarthritis.
[Purine metabolism enzymes in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of osteoarthritis and gout arthritis]
Osteoarthritis, Knee
In vivo effect of celecoxib and tenoxicam on oxidant/ anti-oxidant status of patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Otitis Media
Effect of macrolide antibiotics on nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase activities, and malondialdehyde level in erythrocyte of the guinea pigs with experimental otitis media with effusion.
Otitis Media with Effusion
Effect of macrolide antibiotics on nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase activities, and malondialdehyde level in erythrocyte of the guinea pigs with experimental otitis media with effusion.
Pancreatitis
"Cocktail" therapy for acute pancreatitis: combined therapy of protease inhibitor, xanthine oxidase inhibitor and platelet activating factor antagonist in rat caerulein-induced pancreatis.
A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of prednisone and allopurinol in the prevention of ERCP-induced pancreatitis.
Allopurinol attenuates caerulein induced acute pancreatitis in the rat.
Changes of xanthine oxidase, lipid peroxide and superoxide dismutase in mouse acute pancreatitis.
Detailed characterization of experimental acute alcoholic pancreatitis.
Effect of prostaglandins and superoxide dismutase administration on oxygen free radical production in experimental acute pancreatitis.
Effect of simultaneous inhibition of TNF-alpha production and xanthine oxidase in experimental acute pancreatitis: the role of mitogen activated protein kinases.
Effects of allopurinol on ischemic experimental pancreatitis.
Free radicals generated by xanthine oxidase mediate pancreatitis-associated organ failure.
Generation of free oxygen radicals in the pathogenesis of experimental acute reflux pancreatitis.
H(2)O(2) and PARS mediate lung P-selectin upregulation in acute pancreatitis.
Heparin mobilizes xanthine oxidase and induces lung inflammation in acute pancreatitis.
High-dose allopurinol for prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a prospective randomized double-blind controlled trial.
Involvement of oxygen-derived free radicals in L-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis.
Mobilization of xanthine oxidase from the gastrointestinal tract in acute pancreatitis.
Oxidative stress in distant organs and the effects of allopurinol during experimental acute pancreatitis.
Oxygen-derived free radicals and acute pancreatitis: a review.
Pancreatitis induces HSP72 in the lung: role of neutrophils and xanthine oxidase.
Preservation-induced pancreatitis in an isolated perfused pancreas model in the dog.
Pretreatment with allopurinol diminishes pancreatography-induced pancreatitis in a canine model.
Protective effects of combined therapy with a protease inhibitor, ONO 3307, and a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, allopurinol on temporary ischaemic model of pancreatitis in rats.
Protective effects of therapy with a protease and xanthine oxidase inhibitor in short form pancreatic biliary obstruction and ischemia in rats.
Redox signaling in acute pancreatitis.
Role of P-selectin and ICAM-1 in pancreatitis-induced lung inflammation in rats: significance of oxidative stress.
Temporal efficacy of allopurinol during the induction of pancreatitis in the ex vivo perfused canine pancreas.
The involvement and sources of active oxygen in experimentally induced acute pancreatitis.
The mechanism of conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase in acute pancreatitis in the canine isolated pancreas preparation.
The pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. The source and role of oxygen-derived free radicals in three different experimental models.
The role of acetaldehyde in the pathogenesis of acute alcoholic pancreatitis.
The role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and oxygen-derived free radicals in experimental acute pancreatitis: mediators of local destruction and activators of inflammation.
Xanthine oxidase activation in cerulein- and taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rats.
Xanthine oxidase activity in mouse pancreas: effects of caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor in acute experimental pancreatitis in rats and mice.
[Effects of several regulatory peptides on the functional activity of the pancreas in acute experimental pancreatitis]
[Role of free radicals on canine bile-induced pancreatitis and effect of superoxide dismutase]
[Role of xanthine oxidase in the genesis of acute pancreatitis]
Pancreatitis, Alcoholic
Detailed characterization of experimental acute alcoholic pancreatitis.
Parasitemia
Antagonist effect of chloroquine and tumor necrosis factor on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in normal and Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis-infected mice.
Serum xanthine oxidase: origin, regulation, and contribution to control of trypanosome parasitemia.
Studies on hepatic oxidative stress and antioxidant defence systems during arteether treatment of Plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis infected mice.
Suppression of Plasmodium chabaudi parasitemia is independent of the action of reactive oxygen intermediates and/or nitric oxide.
[Influence of xanthine oxidase on duration of asexual cycle of Plasmodium vinckei in the mouse (author's transl)]
Parkinson Disease
Serum glutathione peroxidase, xanthine oxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities and malondialdehyde levels in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Pellagra
[Biochemist academician Ivan Gorbachevskii. Life and achievements]
Peptic Ulcer
[A family of hereditary xanthinuria: two siblings with peptic ulcer and hypouricemia due to xanthine oxidase deficiency, and a heterozygote (father) with gout]
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Inhibitory effects of xanthine oxidase inhibitor, topiroxostat, on development of neuropathy in db/db mice.
Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with and without Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy.
Photosensitivity Disorders
A novel mechanism for the generation of superoxide anions in hematoporphyrin derivative-mediated cutaneous photosensitization. Activation of the xanthine oxidase pathway.
Influence of heating on the activity of xanthine oxidase in tumor cells subjected to the phototoxic action of hematoporphyrin derivative.
Pneumoconiosis
[Oxidative injury and serum cytokines in coal workers with pneumoconiosis]
Pneumonia
Effect of simultaneous inhibition of TNF-alpha production and xanthine oxidase in experimental acute pancreatitis: the role of mitogen activated protein kinases.
Further studies of interrelationship between xanthine oxidase and influenzal pneumonia in mice.
Heparin mobilizes xanthine oxidase and induces lung inflammation in acute pancreatitis.
Role of cytokines and oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis: therapeutical implications.
Synergistic production of lung free radicals by diesel exhaust particles and endotoxin.
Pneumonia, Aspiration
Effects of qing fei tang (TJ-90) on aspiration pneumonia in mice.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Assessment of paraoxonase 1, xanthine oxidase and glutathione peroxidase activities, nitric oxide and thiol levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.
Is Xanthine oxidase activity in polycystic ovary syndrome associated with inflammatory and cardiovascular risk factors?
Pouchitis
Role of oxygen free radicals in the etiology of pouchitis.
Pre-Eclampsia
Hepatocellular lipofuscin in pre-eclampsia.
Hyperuricemia and xanthine oxidase in preeclampsia, revisited.
Increased xanthine oxidase in the skin of preeclamptic women.
Invasive cytotrophoblasts manifest evidence of oxidative stress in preeclampsia.
Is Xanthine Oxidase, a Marker in Pre-eclampsia? A Case-Control Study.
Maternal and fetal plasma adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase and malondialdehyde levels in pre-eclampsia.
Oxidative stress in pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia.
Perfusion of the human placenta with red blood cells and xanthine oxidase mimics preeclampsia in-vitro.
Plasma xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and uric acid levels in severe and mild pre-eclampsia.
Relationship Between Xanthine Oxidase, Ischemia Modified Albumin, Nitric Oxide with Antioxidants in Non Pregnants, Pre and Post-delivery of Normal Pregnants and Preeclampsia.
Study of serum uric acid and creatinine in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.
The relationship between hypertension and plasma allantoin, uric acid, xanthine oxidase activity and nitrite, and their predictive capacity in severe preeclampsia.
Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
Acute lymphocytic leukemia in a child with congenital xanthine oxidase deficiency: implications for therapy.
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Febuxostat attenuates testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in rats via inhibiting JAK/STAT axis.
Prostatic Neoplasms
Anti-oxidative and anti-proliferative activity on human prostate cancer cells lines of the phenolic compounds from Corylopsis coreana Uyeki.
Berberine-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells is initiated by reactive oxygen species generation.
Protein Deficiency
The effect of protein deficiency on the liver of albino rats. I. The influence of different levels of dietary protein on total nitrogen, succinic dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase in liver.
Proteinuria
Effect of dietary protein restriction on renal purines and purine-metabolizing enzymes in adriamycin nephrosis in rats: a mechanism for protection against acute proteinuria involving xanthine oxidase inhibition.
Low-protein diet and xanthine-metabolising enzymes in adriamycin nephrosis.
Modulation of proteinuria and renal xanthine oxidase activity by dietary proteins in acute adriamycin nephrosis in rats: lack of correlation with intra- and extracellular amino acids.
Potential sources of oxidative stress that induce postexercise proteinuria in rats.
Renal purine efflux and xanthine oxidase activity during experimental nephrosis in rats: difference between puromycin aminonucleoside and adriamycin nephrosis.
Role of xanthine oxidase in passive Heymann nephritis in rats.
Pseudomonas Infections
Changes in hepatic superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase activity in mice infected with Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Cytokine-mediated xanthine oxidase upregulation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease's airways.
Detection of xanthine oxidase activity products by EPR and HPLC in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Implication of xanthine oxidase in muscle oxidative stress in COPD patients.
Nitrosative stress in the bronchial mucosa of severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Xanthine oxidase activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition reduces reactive nitrogen species production in COPD airways.
Xanthine oxidase is involved in exercise-induced oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Pulmonary Edema
Pulmonary reexpansion causes xanthine oxidase-induced apoptosis in rat lung.
Role of xanthine oxidase and reactive oxygen intermediates in LPS- and TNF-induced pulmonary edema.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide prevents lung injury due to xanthine/xanthine oxidase.
purine-nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency
Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for the screening of disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Renal Artery Obstruction
Relationship between serum uric acid and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors and renal disorders among Shanghai population: a multicentre and cross-sectional study.
Renal Insufficiency
Crystalline Nephropathy due to APRT Deficiency: A Preventable Cause of Renal and Renal Allograft Failure.
Hyperuricemia and gout: an update.
Management of acute and chronic gouty arthritis: present state-of-the-art.
The role of oxygen free radicals in acute renal failure complicating obstructive jaundice: an experimental study.
Uric Acid: The Lower the Better?
[Crystal-induced activation of the inflammasome: gout and pseudogout.]
[Diagnosing and therapy of gout].
Renal Insufficiency, Chronic
A single-centre experience of febuxostat as a second-line urate-lowering therapy.
Association Between Kidney Function Decline and Baseline TNFR Levels or Change Ratio in TNFR by Febuxostat Chiefly in Non-diabetic CKD Patients With Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia.
Cardio-renal protective effect of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat in the 5/6 nephrectomy model with hyperuricemia.
Comparison of long-term efficacy and renal safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in patients with chronic kidney diseases?.
Dose-dependent effects of allopurinol on human foreskin fibroblast cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells under hypoxia.
Efficacy and Safety of Febuxostat in Kidney Transplant Patients.
Efficacy of xanthine oxidase inhibitor for chronic kidney disease patients with hyperuricemia.
Febuxostat for treating allopurinol-resistant hyperuricemia in patients with chronic kidney disease.
Febuxostat hypersensitivity: another cause of DRESS syndrome in chronic kidney disease?
Major Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Gout and Associated Cardiovascular Disease or Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease Initiating a Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor.
Medications for gout and its comorbidities: mutual benefits?
Plasma Xanthine Oxidase Activity Is Predictive of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Independently of Uric Acid Levels.
Relationship between Xanthine Oxidoreductase Redox and Oxidative Stress among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients.
The Crucial Role of Xanthine Oxidase in CKD Progression Associated with Hypercholesterolemia.
The role of uric acid in kidney fibrosis: experimental evidences for the causal relationship.
The Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor Febuxostat Suppresses the Progression of IgA Nephropathy, Possibly via Its Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fibrotic Effects in the gddY Mouse Model.
Uric acid as a cardiorenal risk factor - ready for prime-time?
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors for Improving Renal Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors may prevent or slow chronic kidney disease even in the absence of hyperuricemia.
[Effect of concomitant chronic kidney disease on the xanthine metabolism in patients with chronic heart failure].
Reperfusion Injury
2,6-Dichlorophenolindophenol is a competitive inhibitor for xanthine oxidase and is therefore not usable as an electron acceptor in the fluorometric assay.
A tungsten-supplemented diet delivered by transplacental and breast-feeding routes lowers intestinal xanthine oxidase activity and affords cytoprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury to the small intestine.
Allopurinol and oxypurinol are hydroxyl radical scavengers.
Allopurinol improves cardiac dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion via reduction of oxidative stress in isolated perfused rat hearts.
Allopurinol improves myocardial reperfusion injury in a xanthine oxidase-free model.
Allopurinol modulates reactive oxygen species generation and Ca2+ overload in ischemia-reperfused heart and hypoxia-reoxygenated cardiomyocytes.
Allopurinol neurocardiac protection trial in infants undergoing heart surgery using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Allopurinol plus standard resuscitation preserves hepatic blood flow and function following hemorrhagic shock.
Allopurinol protects the bowel from necrosis caused by indomethacin and temporary intestinal ischemia in mice.
Amelioration of ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat intestine by pentoxifylline-mediated inhibition of xanthine oxidase.
An evaluation of antioxidant effects on recovery from postischemic acute renal failure.
An evaluation of the effects of perioperatively administered fluids on ischemia/reperfusion injury.
BI1 alleviates cardiac microvascular ischemia-reperfusion injury via modifying mitochondrial fission and inhibiting XO/ROS/F-actin pathways.
Circulating xanthine oxidase and neutrophil activation during human liver transplantation.
Comparative effects of methylprednisolone and tetracosactide (ACTH1-24) on ischemia/reperfusion injury of the rabbit spinal cord.
Correlation of red cell antioxidant status and heart-lung function in swine pretreated with allopurinol (a model of heart-lung transplantation).
Distribution of xanthine oxidoreductase activity in human tissues--a histochemical and biochemical study.
Early damage of vascular endothelium during cardiac ischaemia.
Effect of allopurinol on the survival of experimental pig flaps.
Effect of allopurinol on the survival of hyperemic island skin flaps.
Effect of allopurinol on venous endothelial dysfunction after resuscitated hemorrhagic shock.
Effect of ischemia reperfusion or hypoxia reoxygenation on lung vascular permeability and resistance.
Effect of oxypurinol on renal reperfusion injury in the rat.
Evaluation of the roles of adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase in reperfusion injury in patients with myocardial infarction.
Evidence that the large loss of glutathione observed in ischemia/reperfusion of the small intestine is not due to oxidation to glutathione disulfide.
Existence and participation of xanthine oxidase in reperfusion injury of ischemic rabbit myocardium.
Expression of xanthine oxidase activity by murine leukocytes.
Flavonoids and Anthranquinones as Xanthine Oxidase and Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A New Approach Towards Inflammation and Oxidative Stress.
Histamine and xanthine oxidase in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Hyperthermia: effects on renal ischemic/reperfusion injury in the rat.
Immunoaffinity localization of the enzyme xanthine oxidase on the outside surface of the endothelial cell plasma membrane.
Immunohistochemical localization of xanthine oxidase in human retina.
Immunology of pyelonephritis. VII. Effect of allopurinol.
Implication of superoxide radicals on ischemia-reperfusion-induced skeletal muscle injury in rats.
Involvement of free radicals in cerebral vascular reperfusion injury evaluated in a transient focal cerebral ischemia model of rat.
Is reperfusion injury an important cause of mucosal damage after porcine intestinal ischemia?
Ischemia and reperfusion injury in isolated rat heart: effect of reperfusion duration on xanthine oxidase, lipid peroxidation, and enzyme antioxidant systems in myocardium.
Lung preconditioning with N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevents reperfusion injury after liver no flow-reflow: a dose-response study.
Mechanisms of cellular injury: potential sources of oxygen free radicals in ischemia/reperfusion.
Microcirculation and reperfusion injury in organ transplantation.
Minimal role of xanthine oxidase and oxygen free radicals in rat renal tubular reoxygenation injury.
Morphologic changes and xanthine oxidase activity in the equine jejunum during low flow ischemia and reperfusion.
Neuroprotective effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.
No conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase in canine cerebral ischemia.
Oxygen radical-mediated vascular injury selectively inhibits receptor-dependent release of nitric oxide from canine coronary arteries.
Oxygen-derived free radicals in hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat.
PentaLyte decreases lung injury after aortic occlusion-reperfusion.
Phosphorylation of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase in hypoxia.
Potential role of mitochondrial calcium metabolism during reperfusion injury.
Protein carbonyl formation and tyrosine nitration as markers of oxidative damage during ischaemia-reperfusion injury to rat sciatic nerve.
Pulmonary oxygen toxicity and ischemia-reperfusion injury. A mechanism in common involving xanthine oxidase and neutrophils.
Purification and immunohistochemical tissue localization of human xanthine oxidase.
Purine metabolic pathways in rat hindlimb perfusion model during ischemia and reperfusion.
Rapid conversion to high xanthine oxidase activity in viable Kupffer cells during hypoxia.
Reperfusion injury and reactive oxygen species: The evolution of a concept.
Reperfusion mucosal damage after complete intestinal ischemia in the dog: the effects of antioxidant and phospholipase A2 inhibitor therapy.
Response to allopurinol pretreatment in a swine model of heart-lung transplantation.
Role of cytochrome P-450 in reperfusion injury of the rabbit lung.
Role of purines and xanthine oxidase in reperfusion injury in perfused rat liver.
Role of xanthine oxidase and eicosanoids in development of pancreatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Role of xanthine oxidase and granulocytes in ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Role of xanthine oxidase and neutrophils in ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbit lung.
Role of xanthine oxidase in reperfusion injury of ischemic skeletal muscles in the pig and human.
Role of xanthine oxidase inhibitor as free radical scavenger: a novel mechanism of action of allopurinol and oxypurinol in myocardial salvage.
Significance of xanthine oxidase in the production of intracellular oxygen radicals in an in-vitro hypoxia-reoxygenation model.
Stress ulceration and gastric mucosal cell kinetics: the influence of prophylaxis against acute stress ulceration.
Studies on the oxygen radical mechanism involved in the small intestinal reperfusion damage.
Synthesis and characterization of CAPE derivatives as xanthine oxidase inhibitors with radical scavenging properties.
The conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase and the role of the enzyme in reperfusion injury.
The effects of allopurinol on the ultrastructure of ischaemic and reperfused large intestine of sheep.
The effects of verapamil vs. allopurinol on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. "An experimental study".
The physiology of endothelial xanthine oxidase: from urate catabolism to reperfusion injury to inflammatory signal transduction.
The prognostic impact of allopurinol in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
The protective effect of low-dose methotrexate on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the rabbit spinal cord.
The relationship between the adenine nucleotide metabolism and the conversion of the xanthine oxidase enzyme system in ischemia-reperfusion of the rat small intestine.
The role of reperfusion injury in photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolaevulinic acid--a study on normal rat colon.
Tissue perfusion in critical illnesses. Antioxidant therapy.
Tissue protective effect of xanthine oxidase inhibitor, polymer conjugate of (styrene-maleic acid copolymer) and (4-amino-6-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine), on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Trolox is more successful than allopurinol to reduce degenerative effects of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
Xanthine oxidase and reperfusion injury: major player or minor irritant?
Xanthine oxidase and superoxide radicals in portal triad crossclamping-induced microvascular reperfusion injury of the liver.
Xanthine oxidase formation during experimental ischemia of the equine small intestine.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition attenuates kupffer cell production of neutrophil chemoattractant following ischemia-reperfusion in rat liver.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition does not limit canine infarct size.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition prevents mesenteric blood flow deficits after resuscitated hemorrhagic shock by preserving endothelial function.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors attenuate ischemia-induced vascular permeability changes in the cat intestine.
Xanthine oxidase mediates elastase-induced injury to isolated lungs and endothelium.
Xanthine oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide which contributes to reperfusion injury of ischemic, isolated, perfused rat hearts.
Xanthine oxidase: evidence against a causative role in renal reperfusion injury.
[Experimental study of injury on the small intestine in acute portal vein occlusion and the following restoration of portal vein flow in rats--hemodynamics and lipid peroxidation]
[Formation and removal of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxides and free radicals, and their biological effects]
[Usefulness of allopurinol for prevention of myocardial reperfusion injury in open heart surgery]
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Bronchoalveolar oxyradical inflammatory elements herald bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Respiratory Insufficiency
Acute respiratory failure induced by tracheal instillation of xanthine oxidase, its prevention and therapy by exogenous surfactant instillation.
Respiratory failure caused by intratracheal saline: additive effect of xanthine oxidase.
Rheumatic Diseases
Effects of allopurinol on in vivo suppression of arthritis in mice and ex vivo modulation of phagocytic production of oxygen radicals in whole human blood.
Elevated levels of xanthine oxidase in serum of patients with inflammatory and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.
Kinetic study on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase by extracts from two selected Algerian plants traditionally used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Alsophila spinulosa (Hook) Tryon.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of Lychnophora species from Brazil ("Arnica").
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory properties of Czech medicinal plants.
Rheumatic Fever
[Changes in xanthine oxidase activity in patients with circulatory failure]
Sarcoidosis
Granulomatous reaction to red tattoo pigment treated with allopurinol.
Seizures
Allopurinol neurocardiac protection trial in infants undergoing heart surgery using deep hypothermic circulatory arrest.
Seizure activity results in calcium- and mitochondria-independent ROS production via NADPH and xanthine oxidase activation.
Sodium nitroprusside-induced seizure and taurine release from rat hippocampus.
The effect of allopurinol on oxygen-induced seizures in mice.
Sepsis
Activities of xanthine oxidase and superoxide dismutase enzymes in rat intestinal tissues in sepsis.
Alterations in antioxidant status during neonatal sepsis.
Differential pathophysiology of bacterial translocation after thermal injury and sepsis.
Effect of N-acetyl-L-cysteine on sepsis in mice.
Xanthine oxidase activity and free radical generation in patients with sepsis syndrome.
Xanthine oxidase activity in patients with sepsis.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors and sepsis.
[Paeoniflorin Improves Acute Lung Injury in Sepsis by Activating Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway].
Sertoli Cell-Only Syndrome
The significance of testicular reactive oxygen species on testicular histology in infertile patients.
Shock, Septic
Xanthine oxidase activity and blood glutathione redox ratio in infants and children with septic shock syndrome.
Skin Neoplasms
Assessment of the antioxidant/prooxidant status of murine skin following topical treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and throughout the ontogeny of skin cancer. Part I: Quantitation of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and xanthine oxidase.
Skin Ulcer
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and free radical production: an experimental study in doxorubicin (Adriamycin) extravasation injuries.
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Attenuates Endothelial Dysfunction Caused by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Rats.
Spinal Cord Injuries
Altered oxidative stress and antioxidant defence in skeletal muscle during the first year following spinal cord injury.
Xanthine oxidase in experimental spinal cord injury.
Starvation
Extracellular superoxide provokes glutathione efflux from Escherichia coli cells.
Imbalance of purine metabolism in hepatomas of different growth rates as expressed in behavior of xanthine oxidase (EC 1.2.3.2).
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Allopurinol induces innate immune responses through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in HL-60 cells.
Stomach Neoplasms
Adenosine deaminase, 5'-nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in gastric juices from patients with gastric cancer, ulcer, and atrophic gastritis.
Stomach Ulcer
Effects of oxygen radical scavengers on the quality of gastric ulcer healing in rats.
Stomatitis
Prophylactic action of allopurinol against chemotherapy-induced stomatitis--inhibition of superoxide dismutase and proteases.
Stroke
Comparative evaluation of the acute effects of oxygen free radicals on myocardial contractility in anesthetized dogs with those occurring in the early stages of splanchnic artery occlusion and hemorrhagic shock.
Dual inhibition of NADPH oxidases and xanthine oxidase potently prevents salt-induced stroke in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Effect of high-dose allopurinol on exercise in patients with chronic stable angina: a randomised, placebo controlled crossover trial.
Neurochemical analysis of focal ischemia in rats.
Oxidative Stress and Pathophysiology of Ischemic Stroke: Novel Therapeutic Opportunities.
Plasma oxidants and antioxidants in acute ischaemic stroke.
The Role of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors in Patients with History of Stroke: A Systematic Review.
Urate-lowering therapy may mitigate the risks of hospitalized stroke and mortality in patients with gout.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the improvement of long-term outcomes following ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack (XILO-FIST) - Protocol for a randomised double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition for the treatment of stroke disease: a novel therapeutic approach.
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Production of uric acid in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs: investigation of the possible role of xanthine oxidase in chronic vasospasm.
[Clinical value of the sequential study of the uric acid in CSF in patients with cerebral diseases: Part I. Brain tumor and the effect of irradiation]
sulfite oxidase deficiency
Simultaneous occurrence of xanthine oxidase and sulfite oxidase deficiency. A molybdenum dependent inborn error of metabolism?
Sunburn
Nitric oxide and peroxynitrite released by ultraviolet B-irradiated human endothelial cells are possibly involved in skin erythema and inflammation.
Synovitis
Anti-Hyperuricemic, Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Siegesbeckia orientalis L. Resulting from the Fraction with High Phenolic Content.
thiopurine s-methyltransferase deficiency
Azathioprine pharmacogenetics: the relationship between 6-thioguanine nucleotides and thiopurine methyltransferase in patients after heart and kidney transplantation.
Thromboembolism
Free radical scavenging mechanisms during pulmonary thromboembolism in rats.
Thrombophlebitis
Generation of reactive oxygen metabolites by the varicose vein wall.
Thrombosis
Free radical scavenging mechanisms during pulmonary thromboembolism in rats.
Xanthine oxidase mediates cyclic flow variations in a canine model of coronary arterial thrombosis.
Tuberculosis
Coadministration of Allopurinol To Increase Antimycobacterial Efficacy of Pyrazinamide as Evaluated in a Whole-Blood Bactericidal Activity Model.
Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Febuxostat-associated eosinophilic polymyositis in marginal zone lymphoma.
Hypouricemic effect and safety of febuxostat used for prevention of tumor lysis syndrome.
The Roles of ROS Generation in RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis: Suppressive Effects of Febuxostat.
Uric Acid: The Lower the Better?
Ureteral Obstruction
Febuxostat inhibits TGF??1?induced epithelial?mesenchymal transition via downregulation of USAG?1 expression in Madin?Darby canine kidney cells in vitro.
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
Adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase activities in bladder washing fluid from patients with bladder cancer: a preliminary study.
Adenosine deaminase, 5'nucleotidase, xanthine oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in cancerous and noncancerous human bladder tissues.
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in cancerous bladder tissue and their relation with bacterial infection: a controlled clinical study.
Oxidant-antioxidant levels in patients with bladder tumours.
Phloroglucinols inhibit chemical mediators and xanthine oxidase, and protect cisplatin-induced cell death by reducing reactive oxygen species in normal human urothelial and bladder cancer cells.
Xanthine oxidase inhibitory terpenoids of Amentotaxus formosana protect cisplatin-induced cell death by reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal human urothelial and bladder cancer cells.
Urinary Calculi
Classical xanthinuria: a rare cause of pediatric urolithiasis.
Urinary Tract Infections
New markers: urine xanthine oxidase and myeloperoxidase in the early detection of urinary tract infection.
Urine xanthine oxidase activity in urinary tract infection.
Urogenital Diseases
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in cancerous bladder tissue and their relation with bacterial infection: a controlled clinical study.
Urolithiasis
Is there a role for uric acid in an animal model of calcium phosphate nephrocalcinosis and calcium phosphate crystallization in urine of patients with idiopathic calcium urolithiasis? An orientational study.
Potential cow milk xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of selected phenolic acid derivatives.
Treatment of uric acid urolithiasis with allopurinol: a xanthine oxidase inhibitor.
[Xanthine urinary lithiasis and xanthinuria in a dachshund. Deficiency, probably genetic, of the xanthine oxidase system]
Uveitis
Free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of allopurinol and oxypurinol in experimental lens-induced uveitis.
Xanthine oxidase generation of toxic oxygen metabolites in acute uveitis.
Varicocele
Nitric oxide synthase and xanthine oxidase activities in the spermatic vein of patients with varicocele: a potential role for nitric oxide and peroxynitrite in sperm dysfunction.
Varicose Veins
Generation of reactive oxygen metabolites by the varicose vein wall.
Vascular Diseases
Atherosclerosis and oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress in atherogenesis and arterial thrombosis: the disconnect between cellular studies and clinical outcomes.
Xanthine oxidase-derived extracellular superoxide anions stimulate activator protein 1 activity and hypertrophy in human vascular smooth muscle via c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases.
Vascular Ring
2,3-cis-Procyanidins Elicit Endothelium-Dependent Relaxation in Porcine Coronary Arteries via Activation of the PI3/Akt Kinase Signaling Pathway.
Vascular System Injuries
Angiopreventive versus angiopromoting effects of allopurinol in the murine sponge model.
Effects of endotoxin injury on endothelial cell adenosine metabolism.
Functional and structural alterations induced by copper in xanthine oxidase.
Ischemia-induced vascular changes: role of xanthine oxidase and hydroxyl radicals.
Role of xanthine oxidase in thermal injury of skin.
Sildenafil protects epithelial cell through the inhibition of xanthine oxidase and the impairment of ROS production.
Vasospasm, Intracranial
Production of uric acid in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage in dogs: investigation of the possible role of xanthine oxidase in chronic vasospasm.
Ventricular Dysfunction, Left
Allopurinol improves cardiac dysfunction after ischemia-reperfusion via reduction of oxidative stress in isolated perfused rat hearts.
Xanthine oxidase inhibition improves left ventricular dysfunction in dilated cardiomyopathic hamsters.
Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition Prevents Atrial Fibrillation in a Canine Model of Atrial Pacing-Induced left Ventricular Dysfunction.
Virus Diseases
Dependence on O2- generation by xanthine oxidase of pathogenesis of influenza virus infection in mice.
Determination of human plasma xanthine oxidase activity by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Elevated level of renal xanthine oxidase mRNA transcription after nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection in growing layers.
Induction of Xanthine Oxidase by Virus Infections in Newborn Mice.
Nitric oxide and oxygen radicals in infection, inflammation, and cancer.
Reaction of xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants with lipid and protein of human plasma.
Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
[Orotic acid & xanthine oxidase of the liver in rats in vitamin B12 deficiency.]
Vitamin E Deficiency
Elevated xanthine oxidase in vitamin E deficiency.
Purification and characterization of xanthine oxidase from livers of vitamin E deficient rabbits.
Vitamin E deficiency and xanthine oxidase in rabbits.
Vitamin E deficiency: immunochemical evidence for increased accumulation of liver xanthine oxidase.
Vitiligo
Oxidant-antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in generalized vitiligo.
Wernicke Encephalopathy
Vascular factors in the neurotoxic damage caused by 1,3-dinitrobenzene in the rat.
Wound Infection
Differential pathophysiology of bacterial translocation after thermal injury and sepsis.
xanthine oxidase deficiency
Acute lymphocytic leukemia in a child with congenital xanthine oxidase deficiency: implications for therapy.
Allopurinol metabolism in a patient with xanthine oxidase deficiency.
Atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry of purine and pyrimidine markers of inherited metabolic disorders.
Classical xanthinuria: a rare cause of pediatric urolithiasis.
Clinicobiochemical analysis of four cases of xanthine oxidase deficiency.
Combined deficiency of xanthine oxidase and sulphite oxidase: a defect of molybdenum metabolism or transport?
Hereditary xanthine oxidase deficiency consisting of at least two subgroups.
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine in biological fluids.
Measurement of xanthine oxidase activity in some human tissues. An optimized method.
Metabolism of pyrazinamide and allopurinol in hereditary xanthine oxidase deficiency.
Pregnancy in and incidence of xanthine oxidase deficiency.
Successful treatment of molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A with cPMP.
The mass-spectrometirc identification of hypoxanthine and xanthine ('oxypurines') in skeletal musce from two patients with congenital xanthine oxidase deficiency (xanthinuria).
The quantitative determination of hypoxanthine and xanthine ("oxypurines") in skeletal muscle from two patients with congenital xanthine oxidase deficiency (xanthinuria).
Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography for the screening of disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism.
Uric acid, an important screening tool to detect inborn errors of metabolism: a case series.
Urinary excretion of methylated purines in man and in the rat after the administration of theophylline.
Xanthine oxidase deficiency and 'Dalmatian' hypouricaemia: incidence and effect of exercise.
Xanthine oxidase deficiency: studies of a previously unreported case.
Xanthine, hypoxanthine and muscle pain. Histochemical and biochemical observations.
Xanthinuria: an additional case with demonstration of xanthine oxidase deficiency.
[A case of asymptomatic xanthine oxidase deficiency (author's transl)]
[A family of hereditary xanthinuria: two siblings with peptic ulcer and hypouricemia due to xanthine oxidase deficiency, and a heterozygote (father) with gout]
[Combined sulfite and xanthine oxidase deficiency due to an anomaly in the metabolism of molybdenum cofactor]
[Double deficiency of sulfite and xanthine oxidase causing encephalopathy and due to a hereditary anomaly in the metabolism of molybdenum]
[Hematotoxicity caused by azathioprine genetically determined and aggravated by xanthine oxidase deficiency in a patient following renal transplantation]
[Sulfite and xanthine oxidase deficiency: a diagnosis based on 2 simple tests]
[Xanthine oxidase deficiency (hereditary xanthinuria), molybdenum cofactor deficiency]