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Information on EC 1.16.1.7 - ferric-chelate reductase (NADH)
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1.16.1.7 ferric-chelate reductase (NADH)IUBMB Comments
Contains FAD. The enzyme catalyses the reduction of bound ferric iron in a variety of iron chelators (siderophores), resulting in the release of ferrous iron. The plant enzyme is involved in the transport of iron across plant plasma membranes. The enzyme from the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans can also reduce chromate. cf. EC 1.16.1.9, ferric-chelate reductase (NADPH) and EC 1.16.1.10, ferric-chelate reductase [NAD(P)H].
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Word Map
- 1.16.1.7
-
feiii
-
fe-deficient
-
feiii-chelate
- chlorosis
-
iron-deficiency
- agriculture
-
fe-sufficient
-
phytosiderophores
-
feiii-reducing
-
lefro1
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
Reaction Schemes
2
Fe(II)-siderophore
+
+
=
2
Fe(III)-siderophore
+
Synonyms
ferric-chelate reductase, fe(iii) reductase, fe(iii)-chelate reductase, fe(iii) chelate reductase, ahfro1, ferric reductase oxidase, iron chelate reductase, root fe(iii) reductase, fe3+-chelate reductase, [fe(iii)-edta] reductase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
AhFRO1
EC 1.6.99.13
-
-
formerly
-
FC-R
FCR
Fe(III) chelate reductase
Fe(III)-chelate reductase
Fe(III)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic complex reductase
-
-
-
-
Fe(III)EDTA reductase
Fe3+-chelate reductase
-
-
-
-
ferric chelate reductase
ferric reductase oxidase
ferric-chelate reductase
FRO1
FRO2
FRO7
iron chelate reductase
-
-
-
-
NADH-linked FeEDTA reductase
-
-
-
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NADH-linked ferric chelate (turbo) reductase
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-
-
-
NADH:Fe3+ oxidoreductase
-
-
-
-
reductase, iron chelate
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-
-
-
[Fe(III)-EDTA] reductase
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-
-
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ferric chelate reductase
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-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2 Fe(II)-siderophore + NAD+ + H+ = 2 Fe(III)-siderophore + NADH
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-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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,
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
Fe(II)-siderophore:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Contains FAD. The enzyme catalyses the reduction of bound ferric iron in a variety of iron chelators (siderophores), resulting in the release of ferrous iron. The plant enzyme is involved in the transport of iron across plant plasma membranes. The enzyme from the bacterium Paracoccus denitrificans can also reduce chromate. cf. EC 1.16.1.9, ferric-chelate reductase (NADPH) and EC 1.16.1.10, ferric-chelate reductase [NAD(P)H].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
122097-10-3
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 Fe(II) + NAD+
2 Fe(III) + NADH + H+
-
chloroplats with 300 micromolar ferrozine and 100 micromolar Fe-EDTA in Hepes-sorbitol buffer, pH 7.3
-
-
?
2 Fe2+ + NAD+
2 Fe3+ + NADH + H+
-
transgenic FRO6 yeast has higher Fe3+ chelate reductase activity, Fe3+ chelate reductase activity of FRO7-expressing cells does not differ from the basal level observed in the vector-only control cells
-
-
?
4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonic acid + Fe(III)-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
Fe(II)-tri-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonic acid + ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
NADH + Fe(III)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic complex
NAD+ + ?
-
turbo ferric chelate reductase activity of Fe-deficient plants at low pH appears to be different from the constitutive ferric chelate reductase
-
-
?
NADH + Fe3+
NAD+ + Fe2+
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iron deficiency results in a 2fold increase in specific activity
-
-
?
NADPH + Fe(III)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic complex
NADP+ + ?
-
activity with NADPH is 10-20% of the activity with NADH
-
-
?
4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonic acid + Fe(III)-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
Fe(II)-tri-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonic acid + ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonic acid + Fe(III)-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
Fe(II)-tri-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonic acid + ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
-
-
-
-
?
4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonic acid + Fe(III)-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
Fe(II)-tri-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline-disulfonic acid + ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid
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-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
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reduction of ferric iron to ferous iron is the rate-limiting step in iron uptake
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
root Fe(III) reductase activity is measured by the Fe(II) bathophenanthrolinedisulphonate (BPDS) method, using whole roots of intact plants and excised root sections, and either Fe(III)-EDTA or a poorly crystalline Fe(III)-oxide as substrate
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?
additional information
?
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activity of root FC-R is measured by the formation of the Fe(II)-bathophenantrolinedisulfonate complex from Fe(III)-EDTA
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?
additional information
?
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activity of root FC-R is measured by the formation of the Fe(II)-bathophenantroline disulfonate complex from Fe(III)-EDTA
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?
additional information
?
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strain ZGL1 can reduce Fe(III)EDTA efficiently with glucose as electron donor, lower activity with pyruvate and lactate, poor activity with ethanol, acetate, and propionate, overview
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?
additional information
?
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strain ZGL1 can reduce Fe(III)EDTA efficiently with glucose as electron donor, lower activity with pyruvate and lactate, poor activity with ethanol, acetate, and propionate, overview
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-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
NADH + Fe3+
NAD+ + Fe2+
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iron deficiency results in a 2fold increase in specific activity
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?
additional information
?
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reduction of ferric iron to ferous iron is the rate-limiting step in iron uptake
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-
?
additional information
?
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strain ZGL1 can reduce Fe(III)EDTA efficiently with glucose as electron donor, lower activity with pyruvate and lactate, poor activity with ethanol, acetate, and propionate, overview
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?
additional information
?
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strain ZGL1 can reduce Fe(III)EDTA efficiently with glucose as electron donor, lower activity with pyruvate and lactate, poor activity with ethanol, acetate, and propionate, overview
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Cu
Fragaria sp.
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both small contents of Fe and Cu in the plants lead to an overexpression of the gene encoding the enzyme and enhanced FC-R activity in the plants
Fe
Fragaria sp.
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both small contents of Fe and Cu in the plants lead to an overexpression of the gene encoding the enzyme and enhanced FC-R activity in the plants
additional information
additional information
-
ferric reductase oxidase 7 is a chloroplast Fe(III) chelate reductase required for survival under ironlimiting conditions, for efficient photosynthesis, and for proper chloroplast iron acquisition in young seedlings
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Cd2+
-
no effect: 0.05 mM CdCl2 or Cd-EDTA in assay medium, pretreatment of 30-60 min, significant decrease of activity
Pb2+
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2 mM in the assay medium, slight decrease in activity, pretreatment of 30-60 min, significant decrease in activity
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
riboflavin 3'-sulfate
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The flavin isolate consists of 46% riboflavin 3'-sulfate and 54% riboflavin 5'-sulfate. Increases the enzyme activity in roots and the reduction of Fe3+-oxide
riboflavin 5'-sulfate
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The flavin isolate consists of 46% riboflavin 3'-sulfate and 54% riboflavin 5'-sulfate. Increases the enzyme activity in roots and the reduction of Fe3+-oxide
additional information
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root FCR activity increases two-fold with Fe deficiency, no effect of flavin on enzyme activity
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Anemia, Hypochromic
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of transgenic soybean expressing the Arabidopsis ferric chelate reductase gene, FRO2.
Anemia, Hypochromic
Regulation of AhFRO1, an Fe(III)-chelate reductase of peanut, during iron deficiency stress and intercropping with maize.
Iron Deficiencies
Genetic evidence that induction of root Fe(III) chelate reductase activity is necessary for iron uptake under iron deficiency.
Iron Deficiencies
Induction of root Fe(lll) reductase activity and proton extrusion by iron deficiency is mediated by auxin-based systemic signalling in Malus xiaojinensis.
Iron Deficiencies
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of transgenic soybean expressing the Arabidopsis ferric chelate reductase gene, FRO2.
Iron Deficiencies
Nitric oxide accumulation is required for molecular and physiological responses to iron deficiency in tomato roots.
Iron Deficiencies
Nitric oxide acts downstream of auxin to trigger root ferric-chelate reductase activity in response to iron deficiency in Arabidopsis.
Iron Deficiencies
Regulation of AhFRO1, an Fe(III)-chelate reductase of peanut, during iron deficiency stress and intercropping with maize
Iron Deficiencies
Regulation of AhFRO1, an Fe(III)-chelate reductase of peanut, during iron deficiency stress and intercropping with maize.
Iron Deficiencies
Requirement and Functional Redundancy of Ib Subgroup bHLH Proteins for Iron Deficiency Responses and Uptake in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Starvation
Morphological and metabolic responses to starvation by the dissimilatory metal-reducing bacterium Shewanella alga BrY.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
additional information
-
turbo ferric chelate reductase activity of Fe-deficient plants at low pH appears to be different from the constitutive ferric chelate reductase
-
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
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AhFRO1 activity is highest 7 days after iron deficiency: 1000 pmol/h/g
additional information
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ferric chelate reductase activity increases during root growth
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
turbo ferric chelate reductase activity of Fe-deficient plants at low pH appears to be different from the constitutive ferric chelate reductase
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5.5 - 8
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pH 5.5: about 35% of maximal activity, pH 8.0: about 50% of maximal activity
additional information
-
high pH sensitivity of enzyme, highest activity at apoplastic pH of 4.9, no activity above apoplastic pH of 5.3. Nitrate increases pH value, thus inhibiting enzyme activity, ammonium decreases pH value. Nitrate together with hydrogen carbonate, a combination typical for calcareous soils, has strongest enzyme depressing effect
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
enzyme activity is only elevated under conditions of iron deficiency, coordinate regulation of enzyme and IRT1, the major transporter responsible for high-affinity iron uptake from the soil, both on transcriptional and posttranscriptional level
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brenda
gene family consisting of eight genes. Isoforms AtFRO2 and AtFRO3 are mainly functioning in iron acquisition, while isoforms AtFRO5, AtFRO6, AtFRO7, and AtFRO8 are required for iron homeostasis in different tissues of shoot
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brenda
wild type and transgenic plants expressing a yeast ferric chelate reductase gene, mutants missing the Fe(III) chelate reductase
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brenda
investigation of rootspocks differing in their tolerance to iron deficiency when grown in absence of iron or in presence of bicarbonate. In absence of iron, ferric-chelate reductase activity is stimulated
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brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
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lower enzyme activity in seedling grown on 0.002 mM iron than in plants grown on 0.022 or 0.045 mM iron, leaves of plants grown without iron become chlorotic within 6 weeks, lack of iron decreases the leaf chlorophyll index and iron concentration in recently matured leaves
brenda
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lower enzyme activity in seedling grown on 0.002 mM iron than in plants grown on 0.022 or 0.045 mM iron, lack of iron decreases the leaf chlorophyll index and iron concentration in recently matured leaves. Iron level in nutrient solution has no effect on fresh and dry weight
brenda
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expression of isoforms AtFRO2, AtFRO3, AtFRO5. Expression of AtFRO3 is elevated in iron-deficient plants. When copper is limited, expression of AtFRO3 is induced, predominantly in the vascular cylinder of roots
brenda
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excised root tips, enzyme activity is markedly increased by iron deficiency and by presence of Cd2+ or Pb2+
brenda
-
ferric chelate reductase activity increases during root growth
brenda
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higher basal enzyme activity than Vaccinium corymbosum, little effect of iron deficiency on enzyme activity
brenda
-
significant increase in enzyme activity under iron-deficient conditions
brenda
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expression of isoforms AtFRO3, AtFRO8. Expression of AtFRO3 is elevated in iron-deficient plants. When copper is limited, expression of AtFRO6 is reduced, of AtFRO3 is induced
brenda
additional information
-
isoform AtFRO6 is specifically expressed in green-aerial tissues in a light-dependent manner. Both light and cell differentiation are required for expression
brenda
additional information
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isoforms AtFRO6, AtFRO7 show high expression in all green parts of the plant
brenda
additional information
-
high expression in green tissues of plants
brenda
additional information
-
enzyme content is very high in carob in the absence of Fe and is decreased sharply even when only a low level of Fe is present in the nutrient solution
brenda
additional information
-
enzyme content is low in the absence or with high levels of Fe, its highest values occur in roots exposed to a low level of Fe
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
-
structure contains 8 transmembrane helices, 4 of which build up the highly conserved core of the protein. The large water soluble domain contains NADPH, FAD and oxidoreductase sequence motifs and is situated on the inside of the membrane
brenda
-
in vitro both donor and acceptor sites are located on the cytosolic face of the membrane
brenda
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
Fragaria sp.
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plants grown in the absence of iron show Fe deficiency symptoms with smaller chlorotic leaves, less biomass, acidification of the nutrient solution, and roots that are smaller and less ramified and that contain a higher content of Cu2+
physiological function
additional information
physiological function
-
in response to iron deficiency, dicots employ a reduction-based mechanism by inducing FCR at the root plasma membrane to enhance iron uptake
physiological function
-
biological reduction of Fe(III)EDTA is one of the key steps in nitrogen oxides removal in the integrated approach of metal chelate absorption combined with microbial reduction. Simultaneous reduction of NO chelated by Fe(II)EDTA (Fe(II)EDTA-NO) and Fe(III)EDTA
physiological function
-
ferric-chelate reductase is a key enzyme in Fe uptake
physiological function
-
ferric-chelate reductase is a key enzyme in Fe uptake
physiological function
-
ferric-chelate reductase which functions in the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron on root surface is a critical protein for iron homeostasis in strategy I plants. LeFRO1 is a major ferric-chelate reductase involved in iron uptake in tomato
physiological function
Fragaria sp.
-
root ferric chelate reductase is regulated by iron and copper in strawberry plants, overview
physiological function
-
iron (Fe) is abundant in soils but generally poorly soluble. Plants, with the exception of Graminaceae, take up Fe using an Fe(III)-chelate reductase coupled to an Fe(II) transporter. Beta vulgaris roots secrete flavins upon Fe deficiency, that are involved in Fe acquisition. Root-secretion of flavins improves Fe nutrition involving the reduction of soluble Fe(III) to Fe(II) by an Fe(III) chelate reductase (FCR). Flavin depletion does not affect the root proton extrusion and Fe(III)-chelate reductase activities of Fe-deficient plants. Plants respond to Fe deficiency by lowering the pH of the growth media and increasing the root Fe(III) reductase activity. Flavins allow Beta vulgaris plants to mine Fe from Fe(III)-oxides
physiological function
-
biological reduction of Fe(III)EDTA is one of the key steps in nitrogen oxides removal in the integrated approach of metal chelate absorption combined with microbial reduction. Simultaneous reduction of NO chelated by Fe(II)EDTA (Fe(II)EDTA-NO) and Fe(III)EDTA
-
additional information
-
ferric reductase activity in leaves of transgenic plants grown under iron-sufficient or iron-deficient conditions is 2.13 and 1.26fold higher than in control plants, respectively. The enhanced ferric reductase activity leads to increased concentrations of ferrous iron and chlorophyll, and reduces the iron deficiency chlorosis in the transgenic plants, compared to the control plants. In roots, the concentration of ferrous iron and ferric reductase activity are not significantly different in the transgenic plants compared to the control plants, phenotype, overview
additional information
relationship between the protection of photosynthesis and the light-dependent FCR activity on plasma membranes and chloroplast envelopes, overview. FCR activities in barley chloroplasts are not severely damaged by Fe deficiency, enzyme activities under iron deficient conditions, overview
additional information
relationship between the protection of photosynthesis and the light-dependent FCR activity on plasma membranes and chloroplast envelopes, overview. FCR activities in barley chloroplasts are not severely damaged by Fe deficiency, enzyme activities under iron deficient conditions, overview
additional information
-
relationship between the protection of photosynthesis and the light-dependent FCR activity on plasma membranes and chloroplast envelopes, overview. FCR activities in sorghum chloroplasts are not severely damaged by Fe deficiency, enzyme activities under iron deficient conditions, overview
additional information
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Ala112 of LeFRO1 is critical for maintaining the high activity of ferric-chelate reductase, modification of this amino acid results in a significant reduction of enzyme activity. The combination of the amino acid residue Ile at the site 24 with Lys at the site 582 plays a positive role in the enzyme activity of LeFRO1, genotyping, overview
additional information
-
relationship between the protection of photosynthesis and the light-dependent FCR activity on plasma membranes and chloroplast envelopes, overview. FCR activities in sorghum chloroplasts are not severely damaged by Fe deficiency, enzyme activities under iron deficient conditions, overview
-
additional information
-
relationship between the protection of photosynthesis and the light-dependent FCR activity on plasma membranes and chloroplast envelopes, overview. FCR activities in barley chloroplasts are not severely damaged by Fe deficiency, enzyme activities under iron deficient conditions, overview
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POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
enzyme is subject to posttranscriptional regulation
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
A112X
-
modification of this amino acid results in a significant reduction of enzyme activity
additional information
-
frd4 mutations reside in cpFtsY, which encodes a component of one of the pathways responsible for the insertion of proteins into the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast. In frd4 mutants, ferric-chelate reductase FRO2 mRNA is expressed normally in the root, but plants do not induce the enzyme under iron deficiency
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a yeast Fe3+ chelate-reductase gene is fused to the promoter of the Fe-regulated transporter and introduced into rice plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, single strand confirmation polymorphism analysis, overview
Fragaria sp.
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expression in Escherichia coli, infecting tomato roots with the satellite DNAmbeta and cognate virus using Agrobacterium tumefaciens
expression of ferric reductase oxidase FRO6-GFP or FRO7-GFP in yeast
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expression the gene AtFRO6 under the control of a 35S promoter in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi plants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 for transfection. Ferric reductase activity in leaves of transgenic plants grown under iron-sufficient or iron-deficient conditions is 2.13 and 1.26fold higher than in control plants, respectively. Light-responsive elements within the FRO6 promoter regionmediate gene activation on exposure to light
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gene FRO1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, expression analysis under iron deficient and control conditions
gene FRO2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, expression analysis under iron deficient and control conditions
gene LeFRO1, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis from 16 different cultivars, genotyping detects three types of LeFRO1 (LeFRO1MM, LeFRO1Ailsa and LeFRO1Monita) with five amino acid variations at the positions 21, 24, 112, 195 and 582
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genes FRO1 and FRO2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, expression analysis under iron deficient and control conditions
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transient expression of yeast ferric reductase oxidase FRO6-GFP or FRO7-GFP in Arabidopsis protoplasts, generation of transgenic plants expressing glucuronidase reporter gene fused to the FRO7 promoter, generation of Fro7 mutants missing the Fe(III) chelate reductase
-
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
both small contents of Fe and Cu in the plants lead to an overexpression of the gene encoding the enzyme and enhanced FC-R activity in the plants
Fragaria sp.
-
enzyme content is low in the absence or with high levels of Fe, its highest values occur in roots exposed to a low level of Fe
-
enzyme content is very high in carob in the absence of Fe and is decreased sharply even when only a low level of Fe is present in the nutrient solution
-
iron deficiency induces the gene responsible for FRO2-like proteins in barley leaves
mRNA of AhFRO1 is only induced by Fe deficiency
nitric oxide acts downstream of auxin to trigger root ferric-chelate reductase activity in response to iron deficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana, signal pathway leading to FCR induction, overview. The induction is suppressed by either polar auxin transport inhibition with 1-naphthylphthalamic acid or NO scavenging with 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide, tungstate, or Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride
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iron deficiency induces the gene responsible for FRO2-like proteins in barley leaves
iron deficiency induces the gene responsible for FRO2-like proteins in barley leaves
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-
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
agriculture
agriculture
-
increase in ethylene production is accompanied by increase in enzyme activity. Salicylic acid, methionine and ethephon enhance ethylene production, AgNO3 inhibits. Induction of enzyme activity is accompanied by increase in iron, zinc and phosphorus concentration of explants
agriculture
-
increase in ethylene production is accompanied by increase in enzyme activity. Salicylic acid, methionine and ethephon enhance ethylene production, AgNO3 inhibits. Induction of enzyme activity is accompanied by increase in iron, zinc and phosphorus concentration of explants
agriculture
-
increase in ethylene production is accompanied by increase in enzyme activity. Salicylic acid, methionine and ethephon enhance ethylene production, AgNO3 inhibits. Induction of enzyme activity is accompanied by increase in iron, zinc and phosphorus concentration of explants
agriculture
-
lower enzyme activity in leaves of seedlings grown on 0.002 mM iron than in plants grown on 0.022 or 0.045 mM iron, lack of iron decreases the leaf chlorophyll index and iron concentration in recently matured leaves. Iron level in nutrient solution has no effect on fresh and dry weight
agriculture
-
lower enzyme activity in leaves of seedlings grown on 0.002 mM iron than in plants grown on 0.022 or 0.045 mM iron, leaves of plants grown without iron become chlorotic within 6 weeks, lack of iron decreases the leaf chlorophyll index and iron concentration in recently matured leaves
agriculture
-
main reason for iron deficiency chlorosis of plants grown on calcareous soils is the inhibition of FeIII reduction in the apoplast and hence Fe2+ uptake into the cytosol
agriculture
-
Vaccinium corymbosum is less efficient in acquiring nitrate than Vaccinium arboreum, possibly due to decreased enzyme activity. This may partially explain the wider soil adaptation of Vaccinium arboreum
agriculture
-
Vaccinium corymbosum is less efficient in acquiring nitrate than Vaccinium arboreum, possibly due to decreased enzyme activity. This may partially explain the wider soil adaptation of Vaccinium arboreum
agriculture
-
bicarbonate induced deficiency in iron may cause more severe oxidative stress in the rootstocks, than the absence of iron. Additionally to inhibition of iron-chelate reductase, growth in presence of bicarbonate may lead to decreased activities of peroxidase and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, depending on the subspecies of plant
agriculture
-
heterologous expression of isoform AtFRO2 in Glycine max significantly enhances Fe3+ reduction in roots and leaves. Root ferric reductase activity is up to tenfold higher in transgenic plants than in control and is not subject to post-transcriptional regulation. In leaves, enzyme activity is threefold higher than in control. Enhanced ferric reductase activity leads to reduced chlorosis, increased chlorophyll concentration and a lessening in biomass loss. However, constitutive heterologous expression of AtFRO2 under non-iron stress conditions may result in decrease in plant productivity
agriculture
-
enhancing the Fe3+ chelate reductase activity of rice plants that normally have low endogenous levels confers resistance to Fe deficiency
agriculture
-
ferric reductase oxidase 7 is a chloroplast Fe(III) chelate reductase required for survival under ironlimiting conditions, for efficient photosynthesis, and for proper chloroplast iron acquisition in young seedlings
agriculture
virus-induced gene silencing is used to silence the ferric chelate reductase, virus-induced gene silencing system can be employed to investigate gene function associated with plant nutrient uptake in roots
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Holden, M.J.; Luster, D.G.; Chaney, R.L.; Buckhout, T.J.; Robinson, C.
Fe3+-chelate reductase activity of plasma membranes isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) Roots
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brenda
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brenda
Schmidt, W.; Bartels, M.
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Protoplasma
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Plantago lanceolata
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brenda
Poonnachit, U.; Darnell, R.
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Vaccinium corymbosum, Vaccinium arboreum
brenda
Ojeda, M.; Schaffer, B.; Davies, F.S.
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Annona glabra, Annona muricata
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brenda
Molassiotis, A.; Therios, I.; Dimassi, K.; Diamantidis, G.; Chatzissavvidis, C.
Induction of Fe(III)-chelate reductase activity by ethylene and salicylic acid in iron-deficient peach rootstock explants
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Prunus dulcis, Prunus persica, Prunus cerasifera
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Kosegarten, H.; Hoffmann, B.; Rroco, E.; Grolig, F.; Gluesenkamp, K.H.; Mengel, K.
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Helianthus annuus
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brenda
Connolly, E.L.; Campbell, N.H.; Grotz, N.; Prichard, C.L.; Guerinot, M.L.
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Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Chang, Y.C.; Zouari, M.; Gogorcena, Y.; Lucena, J.J.; Abadia, J.
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Plant Physiol. Biochem.
41
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Beta vulgaris
-
brenda
Wu, H.; Li, L.; Du, J.; Yuan, Y.; Cheng, X.; Ling, H.Q.
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Plant Cell Physiol.
46
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2005
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (Q3KTM0)
brenda
Durrett, T.P.; Connolly, E.L.; Rogers, E.E.
Arabidopsis cpFtsY mutants exhibit pleiotropic defects including an inability to increase iron deficiency-inducible root Fe(III) chelate reductase activity
Plant J.
47
467-479
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Schagerloef, U.; Wilson, G.; Hebert, H.; Al-Karadaghi, S.; Haegerhaell, C.
Transmembrane topology of FRO2, a ferric chelate reductase from Arabidopsis thaliana
Plant Mol. Biol.
62
215-221
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Feng, H.; An, F.; Zhang, S.; Ji, Z.; Ling, H.Q.; Zuo, J.
Light-regulated, tissue-specific, and cell differentiation-specific expression of the Arabidopsis Fe(III)-chelate reductase gene AtFRO6
Plant Physiol.
140
1345-1354
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Mukherjee, I.; Campbell, N.H.; Ash, J.S.; Connolly, E.L.
Expression profiling of the Arabidopsis ferric chelate reductase (FRO) gene family reveals differential regulation by iron and copper
Planta
223
1178-1190
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Vasconcelos, M.; Eckert, H.; Arahana, V.; Graef, G.; Grusak, M.A.; Clemente, T.
Molecular and phenotypic characterization of transgenic soybean expressing the Arabidopsis ferric chelate reductase gene, FRO2
Planta
224
1116-1128
2006
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Ishimaru, Y.; Kim, S.; Tsukamoto, T.; Oki, H.; Kobayashi, T.; Watanabe, S.; Matsuhashi, S.; Takahashi, M.; Nakanishi, H.; Mori, S.; Nishizawa, N.K.
Mutational reconstructed ferric chelate reductase confers enhanced tolerance in rice to iron deficiency in calcareous soil
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
104
7373-7378
2007
Oryza sativa
brenda
Jeong, J.; Cohu, C.; Kerkeb, L.; Pilon, M.; Connolly, E.L.; Guerinot, M.L.
Chloroplast Fe(III) chelate reductase activity is essential for seedling viability under iron limiting conditions
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
105
10619-10624
2008
Arabidopsis thaliana, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
brenda
He, X.; Jin, C.; Li, G.; You, G.; Zhou, X.; Zheng, S.J.
Use of the modified viral satellite DNA vector to silence mineral nutrition-related genes in plants: silencing of the tomato ferric chelate reductase gene, FRO1, as an example
Sci. China C Life Sci.
51
402-409
2008
Solanum lycopersicum (Q6EMC0)
brenda
Jin, C.W.; Chen, W.W.; Meng, Z.B.; Zheng, S.J.
Iron deficiency-induced increase of root branching contributes to the enhanced root ferric chelate reductase activity
J. Integr. Plant Biol.
50
1557-1562
2008
Trifolium pratense
brenda
Ding, H.; Duan, L.; Wu, H.; Yang, R.; Ling, H.; Li, W.X.; Zhang, F.
Regulation of AhFRO1, an Fe(III)-chelate reductase of peanut, during iron deficiency stress and intercropping with maize
Physiol. Plant.
136
274-283
2009
Arachis hypogaea, Arachis hypogaea Nongda 818
brenda
Li, L.Y.; Cai, Q.Y.; Yu, D.S.; Guo, C.H.
Overexpression of AtFRO6 in transgenic tobacco enhances ferric chelate reductase activity in leaves and increases tolerance to iron-deficiency chlorosis
Mol. Biol. Rep.
38
3605-3616
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Mikami, Y.; Saito, A.; Miwa, E.; Higuchi, K.
Allocation of Fe and ferric chelate reductase activities in mesophyll cells of barley and sorghum under Fe-deficient conditions
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
49
513-519
2011
Sorghum bicolor, Hordeum vulgare (D6RVS5), Hordeum vulgare (D6RVS6), Sorghum bicolor Keller, Hordeum vulgare Ehimehadaka No. 1 (D6RVS5), Hordeum vulgare Ehimehadaka No. 1 (D6RVS6)
brenda
Chen, W.W.; Yang, J.L.; Qin, C.; Jin, C.W.; Mo, J.H.; Ye, T.; Zheng, S.J.
Nitric oxide acts downstream of auxin to trigger root ferric-chelate reductase activity in response to iron deficiency in Arabidopsis
Plant Physiol.
154
810-819
2010
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Dong, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhou, J.; Li, N.; Chen, M.
Reduction of Fe(III)EDTA in a NOx scrubber liquor by a denitrifying bacterium and the effects of inorganic sulfur compounds on this process
Biores. Technol.
120
127-132
2012
Paracoccus denitrificans, Paracoccus denitrificans ZGL1
brenda
Kong, D.; Chen, C.; Wu, H.; Li, Y.; Li, J.; Ling, H.Q.
Sequence diversity and enzyme activity of ferric-chelate reductase LeFRO1 in tomato
J. Genet. Genomics
40
565-573
2013
Solanum lycopersicum
brenda
Pestana, M.; Correia, P.; Saavedra, T.; Gama, F.; Dandlen, S.; Nolasco, G.; de Varennes, A.
Root ferric chelate reductase is regulated by iron and copper in strawberry plants
J. Plant Nutr.
36
2035-2047
2013
Fragaria sp.
-
brenda
Pestana, M.; Gama, F.; Saavedra, T.; de Varennes, A.; Correia, P.
The root ferric-chelate reductase of Ceratonia siliqua (L.) and Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. responds differently to a low level of iron
Sci. Hortic.
135
65-67
2012
Ceratonia siliqua, Citrus trifoliata
-
brenda
Siso-Terraza, P.; Rios, J.J.; Abadia, J.; Abadia, A.; Alvarez-Fernandez, A.
Flavins secreted by roots of iron-deficient Beta vulgaris enable mining of ferric oxide via reductive mechanisms
New Phytol.
209
733-745
2016
Beta vulgaris
brenda
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