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2-hexenal + NAD+ + H2O
2-hexenoate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + H+
3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
3-guanidinopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3-guanidinopropionate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-(dimethylamino)butyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-(dimethylamino)butyrate + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-(trimethylamino)butyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-(trimethylamino)butyrate + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
?
4-amino-2-hydroxybutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-amino-2-hydroxybutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-dimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-dimethylaminobutanoate + NADH
4-dimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH + H+
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-guanidinobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-N-trimethylaminobutanoate + NADH
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + H+
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutanoate + NADH + H+
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NADP+ + H2O
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADPH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
r
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
aminobutyrate + NADH + H+
betaine aldehyde + NAD+
betaine + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
butyraldehyde + NAD+
butyrate + NADH
butyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
butyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
gamma-aminobutyrate + NADH
gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-aminobutanoate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
heptanal + NAD+
heptanoate + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
hexadecanal + NAD+
hexadecanoate + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
hexanal + NAD+ + H2O
hexanoate + NADH + H+
N,N,N-trimethyl-3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
N,N,N-trimethyl-3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
N,N-dimethyl-3-aminopropionate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
octanal + NAD+ + H2O
octanoate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
pentanal + NAD+
pentanoate + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
propionaldehyde + NAD+
propionate + NADH
trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: enzyme is involved in L-carnitine (3-hydroxy-4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate) biosynthesis
Products: -
?
valeraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
valerate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + H+
Substrates: a dopamine metabolite
Products: -
?
4-dimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-dimethylaminobutanoate + NADH
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-dimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-dimethylaminobutanoate + NADH
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-dimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-dimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-N-trimethylaminobutanoate + NADH
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-N-trimethylaminobutanoate + NADH
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutanoate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutanoate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: function in carnitine biosynthesis
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: strongly preferred substrate
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: a carnitine precursor
Products: -
?
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
aminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
aminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: a GABA precursor
Products: -
?
butyraldehyde + NAD+
butyrate + NADH
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
butyraldehyde + NAD+
butyrate + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
butyraldehyde + NAD+
butyrate + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
gamma-aminobutyrate + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
gamma-aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
gamma-aminobutyrate + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
hexanal + NAD+ + H2O
hexanoate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
hexanal + NAD+ + H2O
hexanoate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
hexanal + NAD+ + H2O
hexanoate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
propionaldehyde + NAD+
propionate + NADH
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
?
propionaldehyde + NAD+
propionate + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
propionaldehyde + NAD+
propionate + NADH
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: ALDH9A1 exhibits wide substrate specificity to aminoaldehydes, aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with a clear preference for gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMABAL). The enzyme is multifunctional also catalyzing the reactions of EC 1.2.1.3 and EC 1.2.1.19. Substrate specificity, overview
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: ALDH9A1 exhibits wide substrate specificity to aminoaldehydes, aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes with a clear preference for gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde (TMABAL). The enzyme is multifunctional also catalyzing the reactions of EC 1.2.1.3 and EC 1.2.1.19. Substrate specificity, overview
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) is not a substrate for ALDH9A1
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) is not a substrate for ALDH9A1
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: does not degradate 4-trimethylaminobutanol, betaine aldehyde, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, trimethylacetaldehyde, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no activity with NADP+, trimethylaminobutanol, 3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde, betaine aldehyde, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, and other aliphatic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, pivaleraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, butyraldehyde, trimethylacetaldehyde, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: no activity with NADP+, trimethylaminobutanol, 3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde, betaine aldehyde, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, and other aliphatic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, pivaleraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, butyraldehyde, trimethylacetaldehyde, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: does not degradate 4-trimethylaminobutanol, betaine aldehyde, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, trimethylacetaldehyde, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: no activity with NADP+, trimethylaminobutanol, 3-N-trimethylaminopropionaldehyde, betaine aldehyde, 4-aminobutyraldehyde, and other aliphatic aldehydes such as acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, pivaleraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, butyraldehyde, trimethylacetaldehyde, and 3-methylbutyraldehyde
Products: -
?
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3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetate + NADH + H+
Substrates: a dopamine metabolite
Products: -
?
4-(trimethylamino)butyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-(trimethylamino)butyrate + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: preferred substrate
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + H+
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutanoate + NADH + H+
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: a carnitine precursor
Products: -
?
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
aminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
aminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: a GABA precursor
Products: -
?
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
betaine + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: enzyme is involved in L-carnitine (3-hydroxy-4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate) biosynthesis
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
gamma-butyrobetaine + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutanoate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutanoate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
-
Substrates: function in carnitine biosynthesis
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde + NAD+
4-trimethylaminobutyrate + NADH + H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O
4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+
Substrates: -
Products: -
?
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1,10-phenanthroline
-
1 mM causes 5% inhibition at 30°C
3-methylbutyraldehyde
-
1 mM causes 57% inhibition at 30°C
4-(dimethylamino)butyraldehyde
-
-
4-(trimethylamino)butyraldehyde
-
-
4-chloromercuribenzoate
-
4-guanidinobutyraldehyde
-
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde
-
the substrate inhibits at 0.24 mM
5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
acetaldehyde
-
1 mM causes 18% inhibition at 30°C
Betaine aldehyde
-
1 mM causes 41% inhibition at 30°C
diethylaminobenzaldehyde
DEAB, the broad-spectrum ALDH inhibitor reversibly inhibits ALDH9A1 in a time-dependent manner by a covalent reversible mechanism of inhibition, mechanism analysis, overview
diethylmethylamine
-
at 30°C, 5 mM causes 53% inhibition, does not inhibit at 1 mM
dimethylethylamine
-
5 mM causes 9% inhibition at 30°C
ethylmethylamine
-
1 mM causes 20% inhibition at 30°C
glyceraldehyde
-
1 mM causes 7% inhibition at 30°C
KCl
-
1 mM causes 5% inhibition at 30°C
N,N,N-trimethyl-3-aminopropionaldehyde
-
p-chloromercuribenzoate
-
0.1 mM causes 88% inhibition at 30°C
phenylacetaldehyde
-
0.1 mM causes 54% inhibition at 30°C
triethylamine
-
5 mM causes 42% inhibition at 30°C
trimethylacetaldehyde
-
1 mM causes 80% inhibition at 30°C
5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
-
0.1 mM causes 100% inhibition at 30°C
5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)
-
Ba2+
-
1 mM causes 30% inhibition at 30°C
Co2+
-
1 mM causes 18% inhibition at 30°C
Cu2+
-
0.05 mM causes 36% inhibition at 30°C
Disulfiram
-
-
Hg2+
-
0.05 mM causes 28% inhibition at 30°C
iodoacetoamide
-
1 mM causes 42% inhibition at 30°C
Li+
-
1 mM causes 13% inhibition at 30°C
Semicarbazide
-
1 mM causes 22% inhibition at 30°C
Zn2+
-
1 mM causes 11% inhibition at 30°C
additional information
the enzyme shows substrate inhibition
-
additional information
-
the enzyme shows substrate inhibition
-
additional information
-
at 30°C, not inhibited by Rb+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, potassium fluoride, 1 mM sodium azide, 2,2'-dipyridyl, EDTA, 1 mM trimethylamine and 1 mM tetramethylammonium chloride
-
additional information
potassium fluoride, sodium azide, 2,2'-dipyridyl, and EDTA have no effect on the enzyme activity
-
additional information
-
potassium fluoride, sodium azide, 2,2'-dipyridyl, and EDTA have no effect on the enzyme activity
-
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Hulse, J.D.; Henderson, L.M.
Carnitine biosynthesis. Purification of 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from beef liver
J. Biol. Chem.
255
1146-1151
1980
Bos taurus
brenda
Vaz, F.M.; Fouchier, S.W.; Ofman, R.; Sommer, M.; Wanders, R.J.A.
Molecular and biochemical characterization of rat gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase and evidence for the involvement of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 in carnitine biosynthesis
J. Biol. Chem.
275
7390-7394
2000
Rattus norvegicus (Q9JLJ3), Rattus norvegicus Wistar (Q9JLJ3)
brenda
van Vlies, N.; Wanders, R.J.; Vaz, F.M.
Measurement of carnitine biosynthesis enzyme activities by tandem mass spectrometry: differences between the mouse and the rat
Anal. Biochem.
354
132-139
2006
Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Marchitti, S.A.; Deitrich, R.A.; Vasiliou, V.
Neurotoxicity and metabolism of the catecholamine-derived 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycolaldehyde: the role of aldehyde dehydrogenase
Pharmacol. Rev.
59
125-150
2007
Homo sapiens (P49189)
brenda
Alnouti, Y.; Klaassen, C.D.
Tissue distribution, ontogeny, and regulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh) enzymes mRNA by prototypical microsomal enzyme inducers in mice
Toxicol. Sci.
101
51-64
2008
Mus musculus (Q9JLJ2)
brenda
Hassan, M.; Okada, M.; Ichiyanagi, T.; Mori, N.
4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase: purification and characterization of an enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. 13CM
Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem.
72
155-162
2008
Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp. 13CM
brenda
Garcia-Delgado, M.; Peral, M.J.; Duran, J.M.; Garcia-Miranda, P.; Calonge, M.L.; Ilundain, A.A.
Ontogeny of Na(+)/L-carnitine transporter and of gamma-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase and gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase genes expression in rat kidney
Mech. Ageing Dev.
130
227-233
2009
Rattus norvegicus (Q9JLJ3)
brenda
Wen, G.; Ringseis, R.; Rauer, C.; Eder, K.
The mouse gene encoding the carnitine biosynthetic enzyme 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1819
357-365
2012
Mus musculus (Q9JLJ2), Mus musculus
brenda
Bari, M.R.; Hassan, M.; Akai, N.; Arima, J.; Mori, N.
Gene cloning and biochemical characterization of 4-N-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase II from Pseudomonas sp. 13CM
World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.
29
683-692
2013
Pseudomonas sp. (N0DT23), Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp. 13CM (N0DT23)
brenda
Matsunaga, A.; Harita, Y.; Shibagaki, Y.; Shimizu, N.; Shibuya, K.; Ono, H.; Kato, H.; Sekine, T.; Sakamoto, N.; Igarashi, T.; Hattori, S.
Identification of 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (TMABA-DH) as a candidate serum autoantibody target for Kawasaki disease
PLoS ONE
10
e0128189
2015
Homo sapiens (P49189), Homo sapiens, Rattus norvegicus (Q9JLJ3)
brenda
Wyatt, J.W.; Korasick, D.A.; Qureshi, I.A.; Campbell, A.C.; Gates, K.S.; Tanner, J.J.
Inhibition, crystal structures, and in-solution oligomeric structure of aldehyde dehydrogenase 9A1
Arch. Biochem. Biophys.
691
108477
2020
Homo sapiens (P49189), Homo sapiens
brenda
Koncitikova, R.; Vigouroux, A.; Kopecna, M.; Sebela, M.; Morera, S.; Kopecny, D.
Kinetic and structural analysis of human ALDH9A1
Biosci. Rep.
39
BSR20190558
2019
Homo sapiens (P49189), Homo sapiens
brenda
Almannai, M.; Alfadhel, M.; El-Hattab, A.W.
Carnitine inborn errors of metabolism
Molecules
24
3251
2019
Homo sapiens
brenda