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Information on EC 1.3.3.5 - bilirubin oxidase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.3.3.5
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EC Tree 1 Oxidoreductases
1.3 Acting on the CH-CH group of donors
1.3.3 With oxygen as acceptor
1.3.3.5 bilirubin oxidase
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
- 1.3.3.5
-
electrode
- oxidases
-
biofuel
-
cathode
- ceruloplasmin
- myrothecium
-
anode
- laccases
- verrucaria
-
biocathode
- ferroxidase
-
trinuclear
- abts
-
laccase-like
- dioxygen
-
bioanode
-
electrocatalytic
-
bioelectrocatalytic
- 2,6-dimethoxyphenol
- biliverdin
-
cuprous
-
multi-copper
- syringaldazine
- copa
-
copper-binding
-
four-electron
-
mniii
-
self-powered
-
aceruloplasminemia
- hephaestin
- p-phenylenediamine
-
manganeseii
-
bioelectrodes
-
open-circuit
-
membrane-less
- cupredoxins
- analysis
-
electrocatalysts
-
manganese-oxidizing
-
methionine-rich
-
diazo
-
biodevice
- energy production
- medicine
- diagnostics
- biotechnology
- synthesis
- environmental protection
- industry
showSynonyms
bilirubin oxidase, multicopper oxidase, copper oxidase, mvbod, blue cu enzyme, more
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
bilirubin oxidase
bilirubin oxidase M-1
-
-
-
-
bilirubin:oxygen oxidoreductase
BOD
BOX
BPUM_0542
copper oxidase
CotA
MCO
multicopper oxidase
oxidase, bilirubin
-
-
-
-
bilirubin oxidase
-
-
-
-
BOD
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2 bilirubin + O2 = 2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
-
-
-
2 bilirubin + O2 = 2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
analyis of the oxygen reduction reaction mechanism, detailed overview. Bilirubin oxidase (BOD) is the best catalyst for converting oxygen directly to water because of the very low overpotential necessary to catalyze the reaction
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
oxidation
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
bilirubin:oxygen oxidoreductase
-
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
80619-01-8
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(4E,15Z)-cyclobilirubin IX alpha + O2
?
-
Substrates: phosphate buffer, pH 3.5-7.4
Products: -
Products: -
?
(4Z,15E)-bilirubin IX alpha + O2
?
-
Substrates: no activity above pH 4.5 in phosphate buffer
Products: -
Products: -
?
(4Z,15Z)-bilirubin IX alpha + O2
?
-
Substrates: no activity above pH 5.5 in phosphate buffer, no acticvity in citrate-lactate buffer, pH 3.7
Products: -
Products: -
?
1,1'-dimethylferrocene + O2
1,1'-dimethylferricenium + H2O
-
Substrates: 1,1'-dimethylferrocene soluble as an inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
oxidized 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + H2O
catechol + O2
?
-
Substrates: 67% of activity with bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
chlorophyllin + O2
?
-
Substrates: 50% of activity with bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
cytochrome c + O2
?
-
Substrates: BOD efficiently accepts cytochrome c as an electron donor in both cases when cytochrome c is in solution or electrostatically adsorbed
Products: -
Products: -
?
ferrocene + O2
ferricinium + H2O
-
Substrates: low activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
hemin + O2
?
-
Substrates: 10% of activity with bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
hexacyanoferrate(II) + O2
hexacyanoferrate(III) + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
hydroquinone + O2
?
-
Substrates: 20% of activity with bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
indigo carmine + O2
?
-
Substrates: dye decolorization reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
octacyanotungstate(IV) + O2
octacyanotungstate(V) + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
pyrogallol + O2
?
-
Substrates: 10% of activity with bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
[Fe(CN)6]4- + H+ + O2
[Fe(CN)6]3- + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme from Bacillus pumilus shows higher turnover activity towards bilirubin compared to other bacterial MCOs
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: substrates are unconjugated bilirubin and conjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: substrate conjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
Pyricularia oryzae ATCC MYA-4617
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
Pyricularia oryzae ATCC MYA-4617
-
Substrates: substrate conjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
?
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
?
-
Substrates: i.e. ABTS
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme has a higher affinity for oxygen in the presence of the nanoparticles compared to the dissolved 2,2`-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) mediator, although with a slower turnover rate
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
?
Albifimbria verrucaria ATCC24571
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
? + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
? + H2O
-
Substrates: BOD encapsulated in ananostructured sol-gel/carbon nanotube composite electrode effectively catalyzes the reduction of molecular oxygen into water through direct electron transfer
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
? + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
? + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
? + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
oxidized 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + O2
oxidized 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,2'-azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] + O2
?
Pyricularia oryzae ATCC MYA-4617
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2,6-dimethoxyphenol + O2
? + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
ascorbic acid + O2
?
-
Substrates: very low activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
bilirubin + O2
biliverdin + H2O
-
391018, 391019, 391024, 391025, 391026, 655037, 655920, 657282, 672031, 684405, 684426, 684921, 685430, 686068, 686371, 686377, 688004
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
bilirubin + O2
biliverdin + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: no formation of H2O2
Products: no formation of H2O2
?
bilirubin + O2
biliverdin + H2O
-
Substrates: enzyme also exhibits laccase activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
bilirubin + O2
biliverdin + H2O
-
Substrates: CotA with markedly higher affinity for bilirubin than conventional bilirubin oxidase
Products: -
Products: -
?
bilirubin + O2
biliverdin + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: biliverdin + colourless diazo-negative compounds, including propentdyopents
Products: biliverdin + colourless diazo-negative compounds, including propentdyopents
?
biliverdin + O2
?
-
Substrates: 50% of activity with bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
Congo Red + O2
?
Substrates: 100% decoloration efficiency is reached for Congo Red at pH 4.0 in 8 h
Products: -
Products: -
?
Congo Red + O2
?
Substrates: 100% decoloration efficiency is reached for Congo Red at pH 4.0 in 8 h
Products: -
Products: -
?
ferrocyanide + O2
ferricyanide + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine + O2
?
-
Substrates: 23% of activity with bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
p-phenylenediamine + O2
?
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
p-phenylenediamine + O2
?
-
Substrates: 15% of activity with bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
Remazol Brilliant Blue + O2
?
Substrates: 80% decoloration efficiency is reached for Remazol Brilliant Blue at pH 8.2 in 24 h
Products: -
Products: -
?
Remazol Brilliant Blue + O2
?
Substrates: 80% decoloration efficiency is reached for Remazol Brilliant Blue at pH 8.2 in 24 h
Products: -
Products: -
?
Remazol Brilliant Blue R + O2
?
-
Substrates: decolorization reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
Remazol Brilliant Blue R + O2
?
-
Substrates: decolorization reaction
Products: -
Products: -
?
syringaldazine + O2
oxidized syringaldazine + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
syringaldazine + O2
oxidized syringaldazine + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: cytochrome c and bilirubin oxidase are coimmobilized in a polyelectrolyte multilayer on gold electrodes and although these two proteins are not natural reaction partners, the protein architecture facilitates an electron transfer from the electrode through multiple protein layers to molecular oxygen
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: activity measurement with Fe(CN)6 4-
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: decolorization and biodegradation of remazol brilliant blue R, an anthraquinone dye, by bilirubin oxidase
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: direct proton uptake of Glu463 plays a key role in the proton donation to the activated oxygen species in the catalytic cycle, redox-induced protonation state changes of Glu463, electrochemistry-induced ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: extracellular bilirubin oxidase decolorizes indigo carmine, biosorption and biodegradation of the dye is achved with more than 98% decolorization efficiency after 7 days at 26°C. Additionally, the crude bilirubin oxidase can efficiently decolorize indigo carmine at 30°C to 50°C and pH 5.5-9.5 with dye concentrations of 50-200 mg/ml, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: in addition to traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine, or 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, the enzyme catalyzes also the oxidation of conjugated and/or unconjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is also active with the laccase substrate 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate)
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: oxidative polymerization of dihydroquercetin from Larix sibirica using bilirubin oxidase as a biocatalyst. DHQ oligomers (oligoDHQ) with molecular mass of 2800 and polydispersity of 8.6 are obtained by enzymatic reaction under optimal conditions. The oligomers appear to be soluble in dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide, and methanol. UVvisible spectra of oligoDHQ in dimethylsulfoxide indicate the presence of highly conjugated bonds. Irregular structure of a polymer formed via the enzymatic oxidation of DHQ followed by nonselective radical polymerization. As compared with the monomer, oligoDHQ demonstrates higher thermal stability and high antioxidant activity
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: the enzyme needs to be fully reduced before it gets activated for catalysis
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme needs to be fully reduced before it gets activated for catalysis
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the oxygen reduction reaction activity of the enzyme with direct electron transfer reactions is higher than that with mediated electron transfer reactions
Products: -
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: extracellular bilirubin oxidase decolorizes indigo carmine, biosorption and biodegradation of the dye is achved with more than 98% decolorization efficiency after 7 days at 26°C. Additionally, the crude bilirubin oxidase can efficiently decolorize indigo carmine at 30°C to 50°C and pH 5.5-9.5 with dye concentrations of 50-200 mg/ml, overview
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is also active with the laccase substrate 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate)
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: decolorization and biodegradation of remazol brilliant blue R, an anthraquinone dye, by bilirubin oxidase
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: in addition to traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine, or 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, the enzyme catalyzes also the oxidation of conjugated and/or unconjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: in addition to traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine, or 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, the enzyme catalyzes also the oxidation of conjugated and/or unconjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: in addition to traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine, or 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, the enzyme catalyzes also the oxidation of conjugated and/or unconjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: the enzyme is also activity with the laccase, EC 1.10.3.2, substrates 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: usage of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol as substrates, optimization of the assay method
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: usage of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol as substrates, optimization of the assay method
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: usage of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol as substrates, optimization of the assay method
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: in addition to traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine, or 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, the enzyme catalyzes also the oxidation of conjugated and/or unconjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: O2 is catalytically reduced on BOD-modified spectrographic graphite electrodes, very slow direct electron transfer is observed for the enzyme absorbed on gold electrodes
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: in addition to traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine, or 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, the enzyme catalyzes also the oxidation of conjugated and/or unconjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: in addition to traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine, or 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, the enzyme catalyzes also the oxidation of conjugated and/or unconjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: in addition to traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine, or 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, the enzyme catalyzes also the oxidation of conjugated and/or unconjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: in addition to traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate), syringaldazine, or 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, the enzyme catalyzes also the oxidation of conjugated and/or unconjugated bilirubin
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
-
Substrates: in addition to the oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin and of biliverdin to a purple pigment, BODs utilize also the more traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) and syringaldazine. The enzyme is efficient in decolorizing textile dyes such as Remazol brilliant Blue R
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Pyricularia oryzae ATCC MYA-4617
-
Substrates: in addition to the oxidation of bilirubin to biliverdin and of biliverdin to a purple pigment, BODs utilize also the more traditional laccase substrates like 2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) and syringaldazine. The enzyme is efficient in decolorizing textile dyes such as Remazol brilliant Blue R
Products: -
Products: -
?
additional information
?
-
Substrates: in the presence of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) as the mediator, the enzyme decolorizes crystal violet, malachite green and Congo red dyes at a rate of about 36%, 63% and 71%, respectively in 2 h
Products: -
Products: -
-
additional information
?
-
Substrates: in the presence of 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) as the mediator, the enzyme decolorizes crystal violet, malachite green and Congo red dyes at a rate of about 36%, 63% and 71%, respectively in 2 h
Products: -
Products: -
-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
COMMENTARY
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: the enzyme from Bacillus pumilus shows higher turnover activity towards bilirubin compared to other bacterial MCOs
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + 2 H2O
Pyricularia oryzae ATCC MYA-4617
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O
-
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O
Substrates: -
Products: -
Products: -
?
2 bilirubin + O2
2 biliverdin + H2O