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Information on EC 1.5.8.3 - sarcosine dehydrogenase
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EC Tree
1.5.8.3 sarcosine dehydrogenaseIUBMB Comments
A flavoprotein (FMN) found in eukaryotes. In the absence of tetrahydrofolate the enzyme produces formaldehyde. cf. EC 1.5.3.1, sarcosine oxidase (formaldehyde-forming), and EC 1.5.3.24, sarcosine oxidase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-forming).
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Word Map
- 1.5.8.3
- dimethylglycine
-
sarcosinemia
-
folate-binding
- dmgdh
-
l-pipecolic
- pipox
- medicine
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
sarcosine dehydrogenase, sardh, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
EC 1.5.99.1
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formerly
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monomethylglycine dehydrogenase
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sarcosine N-demethylase
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sarcosine:(acceptor) oxidoreductase (demethylating)
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sarcosine:electron-transfer flavoprotein oxidoreductase (demethylating)
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SARDH
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
sarcosine + 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + electron-transfer flavoprotein = glycine + 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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oxidative demethylation
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redox reaction
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reduction
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
sarcosine, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate:electron-transferflavoprotein oxidoreductase (demethylating,5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-forming)
A flavoprotein (FMN) found in eukaryotes. In the absence of tetrahydrofolate the enzyme produces formaldehyde. cf. EC 1.5.3.1, sarcosine oxidase (formaldehyde-forming), and EC 1.5.3.24, sarcosine oxidase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-forming).
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
37228-65-2
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
N-methyl-L-leucine + acceptor + H2O
L-leucine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate, methylene blue, meldola blue, nile blue, potassium ferricyanide
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?
N-methyl-L-valine + acceptor + H2O
L-valine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate, methylene blue, meldola blue, nile blue, potassium ferricyanide
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?
N-methylglycine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate, methylene blue, meldola blue, nile blue, potassium ferricyanide
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?
sarcosine + H2O + electron-transfer flavoprotein
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein
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?
sarcosine + H2O + phenazine methosulfate
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced phenazine methosulfate
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r
sarcosine + H2O + potassium ferricyanide
glycine + formaldehyde + potassium ferrocyanide
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r
sarcosine + oxidized 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate
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quantification with nitroblue tetrazolium chloride, i.e. NBT or 2,2'-bis(4-nitrophenyl)-5,5'-diphenyl-3,3'-(3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diphenylene)ditetrazolium chloride, giving NBT-formazan in reaction with reduced 1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate, overview
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-
?
N-methyl-L-alanine + acceptor + H2O
L-alanine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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?
N-methyl-L-alanine + acceptor + H2O
L-alanine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate, methylene blue, meldola blue, nile blue, potassium ferricyanide
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?
N-methyl-L-alanine + acceptor + H2O
L-alanine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
sarcosine + H2O + electron-transfer flavoprotein
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced electron-transfer flavoprotein
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
-
?
sarcosine + acceptor + H2O
glycine + formaldehyde + reduced acceptor
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acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, phenazine methosulfate
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?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
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1-methoxy-5-methylphenazinium methylsulfate acts as electron acceptor
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FAD
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covalent bound FAD linked via 8a-position of the isoalloxazin ring to the imidazole N(3) of a histidine residue, structural homology between the amino acid sequence of the flavin-peptides
FAD
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covalent bound FAD linked via 8a-position of the isoalloxazin ring to the imidazole N(3) of a histidine residue, structural homology between the amino acid sequence of the flavin-peptides
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Fe2+
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
not inhibited by: Ba2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Li+, Zn2+, dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, iodoacetate; not Mn2+, Fe2+, phenylmethane sulfonylfluoride, dinitrofluorobenzene, tetranitromethane, 5,5`-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoate)
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additional information
-
not Co2+, Na+, EDTA, SDS, Triton X-100, semicarbazide; not inhibited by: Ba2+, Ca2+, Fe3+, Li+, Zn2+, dithiothreitol, 2-mercaptoethanol, iodoacetate
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
TMEFF2
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i.e. full-length follistatin motifs 2, the enzyme interacts with the full-length follistatin motifs 2, TMEFF2. TMEFF2 has a dual mode of action. The ectodomain does not bind to SARDH. Ectopic expression of wild-type full-length TMEFF2 inhibits soft agar colony formation, cellular invasion, and migration and increases cellular sensitivity to apoptosis. Expression of the full-length TMEFF2 but not the ectodomain results in a decreased level of sarcosine in the cells
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additional information
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immobilization of the enzyme on sorbitan esters Span 80 and Tween 80 containing phospholipid lecithin-bilayer membrane vesicles increases the enzyme activity and stability
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Brain Neoplasms
Expression of sarcosine metabolism-related proteins according to metastatic site in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
Expression of sarcosine metabolism-related proteins according to metastatic site in breast cancer.
Breast Neoplasms
Implications of differences in expression of sarcosine metabolism-related proteins according to the molecular subtype of breast cancer.
Carcinoma
DNA methylation of sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) loci as a prognosticator for renal cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Renal Cell
DNA methylation of sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) loci as a prognosticator for renal cell carcinoma.
Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (anti-M7) are directed against flavoenzymes with covalently bound FAD.
Colorectal Neoplasms
Alteration of the tumour suppressor SARDH in sporadic colorectal cancer: a functional and transcriptome profiling-based study.
Heart Diseases
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies (anti-M7) in heart diseases recognize epitopes on bacterial and mammalian sarcosine dehydrogenase.
Liver Neoplasms
Alteration of the tumour suppressor SARDH in sporadic colorectal cancer: a functional and transcriptome profiling-based study.
Lung Neoplasms
Alteration of the tumour suppressor SARDH in sporadic colorectal cancer: a functional and transcriptome profiling-based study.
Myocarditis
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (anti-M7) are directed against flavoenzymes with covalently bound FAD.
Neoplasm Metastasis
DNA methylation of sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) loci as a prognosticator for renal cell carcinoma.
Neoplasm Metastasis
Expression of sarcosine metabolism-related proteins according to metastatic site in breast cancer.
Neoplasms
Alteration of the tumour suppressor SARDH in sporadic colorectal cancer: a functional and transcriptome profiling-based study.
Neoplasms
DNA methylation of sarcosine dehydrogenase (SARDH) loci as a prognosticator for renal cell carcinoma.
Neoplasms
Sarcosine Up-Regulates Expression of Genes Involved in Cell Cycle Progression of Metastatic Models of Prostate Cancer.
Neoplasms
The tumor suppressor activity of the transmembrane protein with epidermal growth factor and two follistatin motifs 2 (TMEFF2) correlates with its ability to modulate sarcosine levels.
Neoplasms
TMEFF2 and SARDH cooperate to modulate one-carbon metabolism and invasion of prostate cancer cells.
Pancreatic Neoplasms
Alteration of the tumour suppressor SARDH in sporadic colorectal cancer: a functional and transcriptome profiling-based study.
Prostatic Neoplasms
TMEFF2 and SARDH cooperate to modulate one-carbon metabolism and invasion of prostate cancer cells.
Respiratory Insufficiency
A young adult with sarcosinemia. No benefit from long duration treatment with memantine.
sarcosine dehydrogenase deficiency
Sarcosine dehydrogenase deficiency, the enzyme defect in hypersarcosinemia.
Spinal Dysraphism
An association study of 45 folate-related genes in spina bifida: Involvement of cubilin (CUBN) and tRNA aspartic acid methyltransferase 1 (TRDMT1).
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
8 - 9
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
-
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
-
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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brenda
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
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reducing the expression of the enzyme promotes localization of TMEFF2 to the cytoskeleton and also results in increased cellular invasion in tumorigenesis
metabolism
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TMEFF2 interacts with SARDH and regulates the cellular levels of sarcosine. The tumor suppressor activity of TMEFF2 requires the cytoplasmic/transmembrane portion of the protein and correlates with its ability to bind to SARDH and to modulate the level of sarcosine
additional information
-
the enzyme interacts with the full-length follistatin motifs 2, TMEFF2. TMEFF2 has a dual mode of action. The ectodomain does not bind to SARDH. Ectopic expression of wild-type full-length TMEFF2 inhibits soft agar colony formation, cellular invasion, and migration and increases cellular sensitivity to apoptosis. Expression of the full-length TMEFF2 but not the ectodomain results in a decreased level of sarcosine in the cells
Show AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices (187 entries)
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Please use the AA Sequence and Transmembrane Helices Search for a specific query.
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
immobilization of the enzyme on sorbitan esters Span 80 and Tween 80 containing phospholipid lecithin-bilayer membrane vesicles, vesicle preparation overview
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE