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2 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
2 S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
(overall reaction)
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine
low activity
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine + H+
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N,N-trimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
additional information
?
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
preferred substrate
i.e. N,N,N-trimethylglycine
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
i.e. N,N,N-trimethylglycine
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
i.e. N,N,N-trimethylglycine
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
(1b)
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N,N-trimethylglycine
-
synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N,N-trimethylglycine
-
synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
i.e. methylglycine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
i.e. methylglycine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
(1a)
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
about 30% of the activity with N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme has overlapping activities with the enzyme catalyzing the prior reaction steps
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in the alternate biosynthesis of betaine, which is an important osmoprotectant and is synthesized in response to abiotic stress
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme shows strict substrate specificity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process, betaine is required for balancing osmotic pressure under high salt living conditions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme has overlapping activities with the enzyme catalyzing the prior reaction steps
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme has overlapping activities with the enzyme catalyzing the prior reaction steps
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme shows strict specificity for glycine and sarcosine as substrates, no activity with ethanolamine, monomethylethanolamine, nor several L-amino acid, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the broad substrate methyltransferase, glycine sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase, GSDMT, purified from the halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis strain FDF1, has been shown to possess glycine N-methyltransferase (GMT), sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities. SDMT possesses sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme from Methanohalophilus portucalensis possesses sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the broad substrate methyltransferase, glycine sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase, GSDMT, purified from the halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis strain FDF1, has been shown to possess glycine N-methyltransferase (GMT), sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities. SDMT possesses sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme from Methanohalophilus portucalensis possesses sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N,N-trimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
additional information
?
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
i.e. N,N,N-trimethylglycine
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + betaine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N,N-trimethylglycine
-
synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N,N-dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N,N-trimethylglycine
-
synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-methylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
synthesis of the compatible solute betaine de novo through the methylation of glycine, sarcosine and dimethylglycine with the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in the alternate biosynthesis of betaine, which is an important osmoprotectant and is synthesized in response to abiotic stress
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the last 2 steps of betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process, betaine is required for balancing osmotic pressure under high salt living conditions
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the broad substrate methyltransferase, glycine sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase, GSDMT, purified from the halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis strain FDF1, has been shown to possess glycine N-methyltransferase (GMT), sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities. SDMT possesses sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the broad substrate methyltransferase, glycine sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase, GSDMT, purified from the halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis strain FDF1, has been shown to possess glycine N-methyltransferase (GMT), sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities. SDMT possesses sarcosine N-methyltransferase (SMT) and dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (DMT) activities
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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4-chloromercuribenzoate
-
recombinant enzyme: 23% inhibition at 1.33 mM, completely reversible by 5.3 mM DTT
dimethylglycine
competitive inhibition, versus sarcosine, 40% inhibition at 250 mM
isovaleric acid
10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine
KCl/NaCl
-
recombinant enzyme: 32% inhibition at 0.33 M KCl and 0.66 M NaCl with sarcosine, and 25% inhibition at 0.33 M KCl and 0.66 M NaCl with dimethylglycine, decrease inhibition by betaine, overview
L-alanine
10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine
L-cysteine
10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine
L-methionine
10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine
L-phenylalanine
10% inhibition at 250 mM
n-butyric acid
50% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine
propionic acid
10% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
sarcosine
slight competitive inhibition, versus dimethylglycine, 20% inhibition at 250 mM
tert-butylacetic acid
30% inhibition at 250 mM, with dimethylglycine
betaine
-
recombinant enzyme: poor inhibition, 71% inhibition at 2 M with sarcosine, and 69% inhibition at 2 M with dimethylglycine, partially reversible by salts KCl and NaCl, overview
betaine
-
above 1.0 M, no effect on sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity, 35% inhibition of N,N-dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity
betaine
does not affect the SMT activity, but represses the DMT activity by 35% at 2 M
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
product inhibition
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
-
recombinant enzyme: competitive product inhibition, 50% inhibition at 0.5 mM with glycine, and at 2.3 mM with sarcosine
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
-
0.2 mM, 63% loss of sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity, 81% loss of dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity. At 1 mM, complete loss of sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity, 88% loss of dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine
product inhibition
additional information
inhibition rates with sarcosine, overview, no inhibition with dimethylglycine by glycine, acetate, ethanolamine, monomethylethanolamine, serine, asparagine, glutamate, and proline
-
additional information
-
no inhibition by N,N-dimethylglycine
-
additional information
-
potassium or sodium ions at 200-1000 mM affect neither sarcosine N-methyltransferase activity nor dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase activity
-
additional information
both the SMT and DMT activities of SDMT from halophilic methanoarchaea are not inhibited by KCl or NaCl
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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0.5 - 7.5
dimethylglycine
2.8 - 3.76
N,N-dimethylglycine
0.144 - 0.79
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
0.5
dimethylglycine
pH 8.8, 37°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme
4.9
dimethylglycine
-
recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine
7.5
dimethylglycine
pH 8.8, 37°C, recombinant mutant P171Q
2.8
N,N-dimethylglycine
-
-
3.76
N,N-dimethylglycine
-
pH 7.2, 37°C
3.76
N,N-dimethylglycine
pH 7.3, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
0.144
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
cosubstrate: sarcosine
0.15
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
cosubstrate: N,N-dimethylglycine
0.16
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with glycine
0.18
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
pH 8.8, 37°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme, with dimethylglycine
0.21
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with sarcosine
0.21
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
cosubstrate sarcosine, pH 7.2, 37°C
0.25
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
pH 8.8, 37°C, recombinant mutant P171Q, with dimethylglycine
0.5
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
pH 7.3, 37°C, recombinant enzyme, with sarcosine
0.59
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
-
cosubstrate N,N-dimethylglycine, pH 7.2, 37°C
0.6
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
pH 8.8, 37°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme, with sarcosine
0.79
S-adenosyl-L-methionine
pH 7.3, 37°C, recombinant enzyme, with N,N-dimethylglycine
0.8
sarcosine
pH 8.8, 37°C, recombinant wild-type enzyme
2.29
sarcosine
-
pH 7.2, 37°C
2.29
sarcosine
pH 7.3, 37°C, recombinant enzyme
6.1
sarcosine
-
recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine
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Nyyssola, A.; Reinikainen, T.; Leisola, M.
Characterization of glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase and sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
67
2044-2050
2001
Halorhodospira halochloris
brenda
Nyyssola, A.; Kerovuo, J.; Kaukinen, P.; von Weymarn, N.; Reinikainen, T.
Extreme halophiles synthesize betaine from glycine by methylation
J. Biol. Chem.
275
22196-22201
2000
Halorhodospira halochloris, Halorhodospira halochloris (Q9KJ21), Actinopolyspora halophila
brenda
Waditee, R.; Tanaka, Y.; Aoki, K.; Hibino, T.; Jikuya, H.; Takano, J.; Takabe, T.
Isolation and functional characterization of N-methyltransferases that catalyze betaine synthesis from glycine in a halotolerant photosynthetic organism Aphanothece halophytica
J. Biol. Chem.
278
4932-4942
2003
Aphanothece halophytica (Q83WC3)
brenda
Lai, M.C.; Wang, C.C.; Chuang, M.J.; Wu, Y.C.; Lee, Y.C.
Effects of substrate and potassium on the betaine-synthesizing enzyme glycine sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase from a halophilic methanoarchaeon Methanohalophilus portucalensis
Res. Microbiol.
157
948-955
2006
Methanohalophilus portucalensis, Methanohalophilus portucalensis FDF1
brenda
McCoy, J.G.; Bailey, L.J.; Ng, Y.H.; Bingman, C.A.; Wrobel, R.; Weber, A.P.; Fox, B.G.; Phillips, G.N.
Discovery of sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase from Galdieria sulphuraria
Proteins
74
368-367
2008
Galdieria sulphuraria
brenda
Kallio, J.P.; Jaenis, J.; Nyyssoelae, A.; Hakulinen, N.; Rouvinen, J.
Preliminary X-ray analysis of twinned crystals of sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase from Halorhodospira halochoris
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
65
805-808
2009
Halorhodospira halochloris (Q9KJ21)
brenda
Chen, S.; Lai, M.; Lai, S.; Lee, Y.
Characterization of osmolyte betaine synthesizing sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase from Methanohalophilus portucalensis
Arch. Microbiol.
191
735-743
2009
Methanohalophilus portucalensis
brenda
Kimura, Y.; Kawasaki, S.; Yoshimoto, H.; Takegawa, K.
Glycine betaine biosynthesized from glycine provides an osmolyte for cell growth and spore germination during osmotic stress in Myxococcus xanthus
J. Bacteriol.
192
1467-1470
2010
Myxococcus xanthus
brenda
Lai, S.J.; Lai, M.C.
Characterization and regulation of the osmolyte betaine synthesizing enzymes GSMT and SDMT from halophilic methanogen Methanohalophilus portucalensis
PLoS ONE
6
e25090
2011
Methanohalophilus portucalensis (F6KV62), Methanohalophilus portucalensis FDF1 (F6KV62)
brenda
Niu, X.; Xiong, F.; Liu, J.; Sui, Y.; Zeng, Z.; Lu, B.; Liu, Y.
Co-expression of ApGSMT and ApDMT promotes biosynthesis of glycine betaine in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and enhances salt and cold tolerance
Environ. Exp. Bot.
104
16-25
2014
Aphanothece halophytica (Q83WC3)
-
brenda
Singh, M.; Sharma, N.K.; Prasad, S.B.; Yadav, S.S.; Narayan, G.; Rai, A.K.
The freshwater cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum transformed with ApGSMT-DMT exhibited enhanced salt tolerance and protection to nitrogenase activity, but became halophilic
Microbiology
159
641-648
2013
Aphanothece halophytica, Aphanothece halophytica 7418
brenda
He, C.; He, Y.; Liu, Q.; Liu, T.; Liu, C.; Wang, L.; Zhang, J.
Co-expression of genes ApGSMT2 and ApDMT2 for glycinebetaine synthesis in maize enhances the drought tolerance of plants
Mol. Breed.
31
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Aphanothece halophytica (Q83WC3)
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