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UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dicaproylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dicaproylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-didecanoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-didecanoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dilauroylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilauroylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
UDP-galactose + 1,2-distearoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-distearoylglycerol
UDP-galactose + 1,2-myristoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-myristoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + sn-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + sn-1-oleoyl-sn-2-palmitoyl-glycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-sn-1-oleoyl-sn-2-palmitoyl-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
ir
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
-
type B MGDG synthases may have roles during pollen germination and pollen tube growth and may be acting primarily to supply MGDG as a precursor for DGDG synthesis. Expression of atMGD2 and atMGD3, but not atMGD1, is strongly induced during phosphate starvation, particularly in roots
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
type B MGDG synthases may have roles during pollen germination and pollen tube growth and may be acting primarily to supply MGDG as a precursor for DGDG synthesis. Expression of atMGD2 and atMGD3, but not atMGD1, is strongly induced during phosphate starvation, particularly in roots
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
-
MGD activity is reversibly regulated by reduction and oxidation in vitro
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
requires the 1,2-isomer of the diglyceride substrate and prefers diglycerides with long-chain-saturated fatty acid constituents
i.e. 1,2-di-O-acyl-(beta-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
preferred substrate
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dilinoleoylglycerol
-
best substrate
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dioleoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dioleoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-dipalmitoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-distearoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-distearoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-distearoylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-distearoylglycerol
-
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
last step in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
last step in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
last step in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of monogalactosyl diglyceride in brain and may function significantly in myelination
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
involved in biosynthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
last step in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
MGDG synthase catalyzes the final step in thylakoid membrane lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, MGDG, biosynthesis in the plastid envelope
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol constitute the bulk of membrane lipids in plant chloroplasts and are essential for chloroplast biogenesis and photoautotrophic growth. Type B monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases are involved in phosphate starvation-induced lipid remodeling and are crucial for low-phosphate adaptation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of MGDGsynthesis by phosphatidic acid, which is a general precursor in the synthesis of all glycerolipids and is also a signaling molecule in plants
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
binding site for UDP-Gal lays in the cleft separating the two Rossmann folds involving residues of a conserved UDP-sugar binding pocket in the C-domain
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
reaction is proposed to to occur in a single displacement SN2 mechanism, with formation of an oxocarbenium ion transition state assisted by a catalytic base, H155. Phosphatidylglycerol binds to the active site where it is stabilized by interactions involving residues P189 and H155, creating an acid-base charge-relay system
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
in etiolated seedlings white light induces a transient increase in MGD mRNA, followed by a subsequent increase in enzyme activity. When cotyledons were detached from seedlings, these light-induced changes diminished
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
additional information
?
-
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
ir
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
?
UDP-alpha-D-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 1,2-diacyl-3-O-(beta-D-galactosyl)-sn-glycerol
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
-
type B MGDG synthases may have roles during pollen germination and pollen tube growth and may be acting primarily to supply MGDG as a precursor for DGDG synthesis. Expression of atMGD2 and atMGD3, but not atMGD1, is strongly induced during phosphate starvation, particularly in roots
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
type B MGDG synthases may have roles during pollen germination and pollen tube growth and may be acting primarily to supply MGDG as a precursor for DGDG synthesis. Expression of atMGD2 and atMGD3, but not atMGD1, is strongly induced during phosphate starvation, particularly in roots
-
-
?
UDP-galactose + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol
-
MGD activity is reversibly regulated by reduction and oxidation in vitro
-
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
last step in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
last step in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
last step in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of monogalactosyl diglyceride in brain and may function significantly in myelination
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
involved in biosynthesis of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol
-
?
UDPgalactose + 1,2-diacylglycerol
UDP + 3-beta-D-galactosyl-1,2-diacylglycerol
-
last step in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
MGDG synthase catalyzes the final step in thylakoid membrane lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, MGDG, biosynthesis in the plastid envelope
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol constitute the bulk of membrane lipids in plant chloroplasts and are essential for chloroplast biogenesis and photoautotrophic growth. Type B monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases are involved in phosphate starvation-induced lipid remodeling and are crucial for low-phosphate adaptation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of MGDGsynthesis by phosphatidic acid, which is a general precursor in the synthesis of all glycerolipids and is also a signaling molecule in plants
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
in etiolated seedlings white light induces a transient increase in MGD mRNA, followed by a subsequent increase in enzyme activity. When cotyledons were detached from seedlings, these light-induced changes diminished
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
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Heemskerk, J.W.M.; Jacobs, F.H.H.; Scheijen, M.A.M.; Helsper, J.P.F.G.; Wintermans, J.F.G.M.
Characterization of galactosyltransferases in spinach chloroplast envelopes
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
918
189-203
1987
Spinacia oleracea
-
brenda
Wenger, D.A.; Petipas, J.W.; Pieringer, R.A.
The metabolism of glyceride glycolipids. II. Biosynthesis of monogalactosyl diglyceride from uridine diphosphate galactose and diglyceride in brain
Biochemistry
7
3700-3707
1968
Rattus norvegicus
brenda
Veerkamp, J.H.
Biochemical changes in Bifidobacterium bifidum var. pennsylvanicus after cell-wall inhibition. VI. Biosynthesis of the galactosyldiglycerides
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
348
23-34
1974
Bifidobacterium bifidum
brenda
Teucher, T.; Heinz, E.
Purification of UDP-galactose: diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase from chloroplast envelopes of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)
Planta
184
319-326
1991
Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Coves, J.; Block, M.A.; Joyard, J.; Douce, R.
Solubilization and partial purification of UDP-galactose:diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity from spinach chloroplast envelope
FEBS Lett.
208
401-406
1986
Spinacia oleracea
-
brenda
Coves, J.; Joyard, J.; Douce, R.
Lipid requirement and kinetic studies of solubilized UDP-galactose:diacylglycerol galactosyltransferase activity from spinach chloroplast envelope membranes
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
85
4966-4970
1988
Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Marechal, E.; Block, M.A.; Joyard, J.; Douce, R.
Comparison of the kinetic properties of MGDG synthase in mixed micelles and in envelope membranes from spinach chloroplast
FEBS Lett.
352
307-310
1994
Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Marechal, E.; Block, M.A.; Joyard, J.; Douce, R.
Kinetic properties of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase from spinach chloroplast envelope membranes
J. Biol. Chem.
269
5788-5798
1994
Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Ohta, H.; Shimojima, M.; Ookata, K.; Masuda, T.; Shioi, Y.; Takamiya, K.i.
A close relationship between increases in galactosyltransferase activity and the accumulation of galactolipids during plastid development in cucumber seedlings
Plant Cell Physiol.
36
1115-1120
1995
Cucumis sativus
-
brenda
Marechal, E.; Miege, C.; Block, M.A.; Douce, R.; Joyard, J.
The catalytic site of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase from spinach chloroplast envelope membranes. Biochemical analysis of the structure and of the metal content
J. Biol. Chem.
270
5714-5722
1995
Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Tietje, C.; Heinz, E.
Uridine-diphospho-sulfoquinovose:diacylglycerol sulfoquinovosyltransferase activity is concentrated in the inner membrane of chloroplast envelopes
Planta
206
72-78
1998
Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea
-
brenda
Miege, C.; Marechal, E.; Shimojima, M.; Awai, K.; Block, M.A.; Ohta, H.; Takamiya, K.I.; Douce, R.; Joyard, J.
Biochemical and topological properties of type A MGDG synthase, a spinach chloroplast envelope enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic MGDG
Eur. J. Biochem.
265
990-1001
1999
Spinacia oleracea (Q9SM44), Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Marechal, E.; Awai, K.; Block, M.A.; Brun, D.; Masuda, T.; Shimada, H.; Takamiya, K.I.; Ohta, H.; Joyard, J.
The multigenic family of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol synthases
Biochem. Soc. Trans.
28
732-738
2000
Cucumis sativus, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea, Arabidopsis thaliana (O81770), Arabidopsis thaliana (O82730), Arabidopsis thaliana (Q9SI93)
brenda
Jarvis, P.; Dormann, P.; Peto, C.A.; Lutes, J.; Benning, C.; Chory, J.
Galactolipid deficiency and abnormal chloroplast development in the Arabidopsis MGD synthase 1 mutant
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
97
8175-8179
2000
Arabidopsis thaliana (O81770)
brenda
Botte, C.; Jeanneau, C.; Snajdrova, L.; Bastien, O.; Imberty, A.; Breton, C.; Marechal, E.
Molecular modelling and site directed mutagenesis of plant chloroplast MGDG synthase reveal critical residues for activity
J. Biol. Chem.
280
34691-34701
2005
Spinacia oleracea (Q9SM44), Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Yamaryo, Y.; Kanai, D.; Awai, K.; Shimojima, M.; Masuda, T.; Shimada, H.; Takamiya, K.; Ohta, H.
Light and cytokinin play a co-operative role in MGDG synthesis in greening cucumber cotyledons
Plant Cell Physiol.
44
844-855
2003
Cucumis sativus
brenda
Kobayashi, K.; Awai, K.; Takamiya, K.; Ohta, H.
Arabidopsis type B monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase genes are expressed during pollen tube growth and induced by phosphate starvation
Plant Physiol.
134
640-648
2004
Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis thaliana (O82730), Arabidopsis sp.
brenda
Yamaryo, Y.; Motohashi, K.; Takamiya, K.; Hisabori, T.; Ohta, H.
In vitro reconstitution of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase regulation by thioredoxin
FEBS Lett.
580
4086-4090
2006
Cucumis sativus
brenda
Vojta, L.; Soll, J.; Boelter, B.
Protein transport in chloroplasts - targeting to the intermembrane space
FEBS J.
274
5043-5054
2007
Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Kobayashi, K.; Awai, K.; Nakamura, M.; Nagatani, A.; Masuda, T.; Ohta, H.
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