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BRENDA support

Ligand cholesterol

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Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure
Picture of cholesterol (click for magnification)
Molecular Formula
BRENDA Name
InChIKey
C27H46O
cholesterol
HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N
Synonyms:
cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol, cholest-5-en-3beta-ol, cholesterol[side 1], cholesterol[side 2]


Show all pahtways known for Show all BRENDA pathways known for cholesterol

Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (61 results)

EC NUMBER
PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
cholesterol + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 12-hydroxycholesterol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
cholest-5-en-3-beta-ol + 6 reduced [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin + 3 O2 = (25S)-3beta-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oate + 6 oxidized [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin + 4 H2O
show the reaction diagram
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cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
show the reaction diagram
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cholesterol + acceptor + H2O = 25-hydroxycholesterol + reduced acceptor
show the reaction diagram
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UDP-glucose + cholesterol = UDP + cholesterol 3-beta-D-glucoside
show the reaction diagram
-

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (41 results)

EC NUMBER
PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol + ferrocytochrome b5 + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol sulfate + H2O = cholesterol + sulfate
show the reaction diagram
-

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (183 results)

EC NUMBER
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
cholesterol + NAD+ = cholest-5-en-3-one + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H+ + O2 = ? + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 12-hydroxycholesterol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + NADPH + H+ + O2 = 22-hydroxy-cholesterol + NADP+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 = 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + AH2 + O2 = 25-hydroxycholesterol + A + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + acceptor + H2O = 25-hydroxycholesterol + reduced acceptor
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + acceptor = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + S-adenosyl-L-methionine = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol = monoacylglycerol + cholesterol-3-O-acyl ester
show the reaction diagram
-

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (95 results)

EC NUMBER
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol + ferrocytochrome b5 + H+ + O2 = cholest-5-en-3beta-ol + ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesterol oleate + H2O = cholesterol + oleic acid
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesteryl palmitate + H2O = cholesterol + palmitate
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesteryl oleate + H2O = oleate + cholesterol
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesteryl oleate + H2O = cholesterol + oleate
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesteryl oleate + H2O = cholesterol + oleate
show the reaction diagram
-
cholesteryl beta-D-glucoside + H2O = cholesterol + beta-D-glucose
show the reaction diagram
-

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (126 results)

EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
high levels of DHCR24 are associated with elevated cholesterol concentrations
-
DGKalpha can be activated in vitro in a Ca2+-independent manner by lipids such cholesterol
-
about 125% activity at 0.1 mM
-
0.01 mM, isoform SphK2, 107% of initial activity
-
concentration dependent activation of alkaline phosphatase grown in low phosphate medium
-
phospholipase C is enhanced by cholesterol and by lipids with an intrinsic negative curvature, e.g. phosphatidylethanolamine
-
in phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylserine vesicles, cholesterol enhances Factor Va inactivation and the rate of cleavage by enzyme both at R506 and R306
-
activation, acetone-washed membrane-bound enzyme
-
maximum activity at 20% (w/v)
-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (64 results)

EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
oxidase: 18.6% inhibition at 0.1 mM, reductase: 7.4% inhibition at 0.1 mM
-
substrate inhibition of mutant V191A
-
addition to a membrane preperation in vitro reduces 5-lipoxygenase activity by half. Cholesterol sulfate can inhibit 5-lipoxygenase in intact cells
-
inhibition above 0.003 mM, mitochondrial
enzyme suppressed by feeding 5% cholesterol, 70% decrease in enzyme activity
-
cholesterol sensitivity of PI4KIIalpha
-
slight inhibition of CES1, not CES2
-
80-100% inhibition at 0.01-0.15 mM
-
strong inhibition in the presence of 0.4 mM linoleic acid
-
1 mM, 57% inhibition
-
hydrolysis of cholesteryl glucoside
-
IC50 is above 0.125 mM
-
membranes isolated from mouse brain with endogenous reduced levels of cholesterol due to targeted deletion of one seladin-I allele show a reduced amount of IDE
-
inhibits the first cleavage of SREBP and indirectly S2P cleavage
-
0.08 mM or below, decreases the hydrolysis of ceramide by a maximum of two-thirds
-
an increased cholesterol level suppresses the expression of 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase
-

3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (479 results)

EC NUMBER
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

kcat Value (Turnover Number) (91 results)

EC NUMBER
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]
TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.0117
-
-

KM Value (141 results)

EC NUMBER
KM VALUE [MM]
KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.0077
-
21°C, pH 7.4
0.0107
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication

Ki Value (1 result)

EC NUMBER
KI VALUE [MM]
KI VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.62
-
37°C

IC50 Value (2 results)

EC NUMBER
IC50 VALUE
IC50 VALUE MAXIMUM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
2.8
-
pH 5.0, 40°C
0.125
-
IC50 is above 0.125 mM

References & Links