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BRENDA support

Ligand hydroxylamine

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Basic Ligand Information

Molecular Structure
Picture of hydroxylamine (click for magnification)
Molecular Formula
BRENDA Name
InChIKey
H3NO
hydroxylamine
AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Synonyms:
HNO, hydroxyamine, hydroxylamin, NH2OH


Show all pahtways known for Show all BRENDA pathways known for hydroxylamine

Roles as Enzyme Ligand

In Vivo Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (22 results)

EC NUMBER
PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
hydroxylamine + reduced ferredoxin = NH3 + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
-
hydroxylamine + NADH = NH3 + NAD+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
hydroxylamine + 3 ferricytochrome c = nitric oxide + 3 ferrocytochrome c + 3 H+
show the reaction diagram
-
hydroxylamine + 2 ferricytochrome c = nitroxyl + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
show the reaction diagram
-
benzonitrile + hydroxylamine + H2O = benzohydroxamic acid + NH3
show the reaction diagram
-

In Vivo Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (7 results)

EC NUMBER
PROVEN IN VIVO REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
S-nitrosoglutathione + NADH + H+ = GSSG + hydroxylamine + NAD+
show the reaction diagram
-
nitrite + 4 reduced ferredoxin + 5 H+ = hydroxylamine + H2O + 4 oxidized ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
-
nitrite + 4 ferrocytochrome c + 5 H+ = hydroxylamine + H2O + 4 ferricytochrome c
show the reaction diagram

Substrate in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (209 results)

EC NUMBER
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
hydroxylamine + reduced ferredoxin = NH3 + H2O + oxidized ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
-
NH2OH + ATP + H2O = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
hydroxylamine + NADH + H+ = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
NAD(P)H + NH2OH = NAD(P)+ + NH3 + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
hydroxylamine + (ferrocytochrome c)-subunit = ? + (ferricytochrome c)-subunit
show the reaction diagram
-
hydroxylamine + 3 ferricytochrome c = nitric oxide + 3 ferrocytochrome c + 3 H+
show the reaction diagram
-
hydroxylamine + NADPH = ammonia + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
hydroxylamine + a [DsrC protein]-dithiol + 2 reduced acceptor + 2 H+ = ? + a [DsrC protein]-disulfide + 2 acceptor + 3 H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
acetyl-CoA + hydroxylamine = CoA + N-acetylhydroxylamine
show the reaction diagram
-
acetyl phosphate + hydroxylamine = acetyl hydroxamate + phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
malonamic acid + hydroxylamine = malonohydroxamate + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
theanine + hydroxylamine = gamma-glutamylhydroxamic acid + ethylamine
show the reaction diagram
-
benzonitrile + hydroxylamine + H2O = benzohydroxamic acid + NH3
show the reaction diagram
-
Crotonyl-CoA + hydroxylamine = CoA + 3-methyl-5-isoxazolidinone
show the reaction diagram
-
mesaconate + hydroxylamine = ?
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + methionine + hydroxylamine = methionine hydroxamate + AMP + diphosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + D-Ala + hydroxylamine = D-Alanine hydroxamate + AMP + diphosphate
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + L-Asp + hydroxylamine = AMP + diphosphate + Asn + beta-aspartyl hydroxamate
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + L-Asp + hydroxylamine = ADP + phosphate + beta-aspartylhydroxamate
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + 4-methylene-L-glutamate + hydroxylamine = AMP + diphosphate + 4-methylene-L-glutamylhydroxamate
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + L-Glu + hydroxylamine = ADP + phosphate + gamma-L-Glu-hydroxylamine
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + gamma-Glu-2-aminobutyrate + hydroxylamine = ADP + phosphate + gamma-(alpha-aminomethyl)Glu-2-aminobutyryl-Gly
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + L-glutamate + hydroxylamine = ADP + phosphate + N5-hydroxy-L-glutamine
show the reaction diagram
-
GTP + IMP + hydroxylamine = GDP + phosphate + ?
show the reaction diagram
-
ATP + L-Asp + NH2OH = AMP + diphosphate + beta-aspartylhydroxamate
show the reaction diagram
-
2 ATP + hydroxylamine + HCO3- = 2 ADP + phosphate + N-hydroxy carbamoyl phosphate
show the reaction diagram
-

Product in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (40 results)

EC NUMBER
REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
ammonia + NAD(P)H + O2 = hydroxylamine + NAD(P)+ + H2O
show the reaction diagram
-
4-amino-2,6-dichlorophenol + NADPH + O2 = 2,6-dichloro-p-hydroquinone + NADP+ + NH2OH
show the reaction diagram
-
nitrite + 4 reduced ferredoxin + 5 H+ = hydroxylamine + H2O + 4 oxidized ferredoxin
show the reaction diagram
-
hyponitrite + NAD+ = hydroxylamine + NADH
show the reaction diagram
-
CB1954 + NADPH + H+ = ? + hydroxylamine + NADP+
show the reaction diagram
-
nitrite + 4 ferrocytochrome c + 5 H+ = hydroxylamine + H2O + 4 ferricytochrome c
show the reaction diagram
hydroxylamine N-oxide + electron donor = hydroxylamine + H2O + oxidized electron donor
show the reaction diagram
-
NO + ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+ = hydroxylamine + H2O + ferricytochrome c
show the reaction diagram
hydroxyguanidine + glycine = hydroxylamine + guanidinoacetate
show the reaction diagram
-
R9LF-1 + H2O = svR9LF-1 + NH2OH
show the reaction diagram
-
hydroxyurea = HCO3- + NH4+ + NH2OH
show the reaction diagram
-
L-Glutamic acid gamma-monohydroxamate + H2O = Hydroxylamine + Glu
show the reaction diagram
-

Activator in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (10 results)

EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
stimulation at high concentrations
-
activates, restores the inhibition by Fe2+
-
1 mM, 108% of initial activity
-
uncompetitive activation
-
11% activation aat 1 mM
-
20% activation at 1 mM
-
0.4-1.2 M, 7fold stimulation of alpha subunit
-
activates Ser racemase activity, but inhibits Asp racemase activity
-

Inhibitor in Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions (382 results)

EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
1 mM, complete inhibition
-
inhibitory at 100 mM
-
1mM, 29.5% residual activity
-
deactivation
-
1 mM, 57.1% inhibition
-
2 mM, 23% residual activity
-
50% inhibition at 5 mM, competitive
-
87% inhibition at 1 mM
-
83% residual activity at 1 mM
-
0.05 mM, 50% inhibition of brominating activity
-
10% residual activity at 2 mM; 25% residual activity at 2 mM
-
20 mM, 25% residual activity
-
competitive and uncompetitive inhibition; inhibits rVCPO both competitively and uncompetitively. The competitive inhibition constant: 0.04 mM, uncompetitive inhibition 0.08 mM
-
complete loss of activity
-
slight inhibition at 10 mM
-
10 mM, complete inhibition
-
1-3 mM
-
inhibition of the exchange reaction of diphosphate and ATP
-
in presence of substrate
-
protonated and neutral form, compete with the attacking water molecule for the binding site E268, inhibition mechanism
-
1 mM, 52% residual activity
-
0.1 mM concentration 100% inhibition
-
inhibits protein B and fraction C
-
enzyme preincubated with the inhibitor, 0.00166 mM, for 60 min at room temperature before the addition of the substrate, 9% inhibition
-
competitive inhibitor with ammonia and uncompetitive inhibitor with both 2-oxoglutarate and NADPH
-
0.1 M, strong inhibition
-
3 mM, 33% loss of activity
-
slight
-
0.1 mM, 69% inhibition
-
15% inhibition at 1 mM
-
22% inhibition at 5 mM
-
at 5 mM 58% inhibition
-
slight
-
34% inhibition at 10 mM
reversible
-
0.01 M
-
pyridoxal 5'-phosphate restores
-
slightly inhibitory
-
100 mM, complete inhibition
-
3% residual activity at 10 mM
-
95% inhibition at 1 mM, 76% at 0.1 mM
-
50 mM, almost complete inhibition
-
100 mM, complete
-
1 mM, 23% inhibition
-
inhibition of PfAspAT abolishes all glutamate oxaloacetate transamination activity in the cytoplasm of cultured parasites, demonstrating that no other enzyme within the cytoplasm can complement PfAspAT activity
-
strong inhibition
-
70% inhibition at 1 mM
-
complete inhibition at 0.5 mM
-
complete inhibition by a mixture of hydroxylamine, (aminooxy)acetic acid, and gabaculine as inhibitors specific for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzymes
-
1 mM, 50% inhibition
-
3.3 mM: 87% inhibition, 0.33 mM: 58.3% inhibition, 0.033 mM: 16.6% inhibition
-
2 mM, 58% inhibition
-
0.5 mM: 63% inhibition
-
inhibits the aldehyde form of the enzyme while the amino form is found to be inert
-
37% activity retained at 1 mM, 6% activity retained at 10 mM
-
1 mM, complete inhibition of the three isoenzymes
-
0.004 M, 80% inhibition
-
inhibits acetate kinase reaction in a nonlinear and noncompetitive fashion, substantial inhibition at concentrations of 704 mM and minimal inhibition at concentrations of 250 microM hydroxylamine
-
rapid and irreversible inactivation
-
after incubation with 200 mM hydroxylamine at pH 7.0 in the presence of 0.2 mM (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA and removal of the small molecules by gel filtration, the transferase sample shows 94% inactivation, while no inactivation is observed under the same conditions in the absence of (R)-2-hydroxyisocaproyl-CoA
-
inhibits the reaction between ADP-ribose and polypeptides
-
inactivates the thioester bond on C3, dramatically decreases the deposition of C3b on microbes
-
from Angeli's salt or induced by LPS and IFN-gamma in RAW macrophages, causes DTT-irreversible inhibition and covalently and permanently inactivation of cathepsin B. Cathepsin B activity is reduced to 53%, 25%, and 57% of maximal activity in nonstimulated, LPS-, and IFN-gamma-treated cells, respectively. Endogenous NO production can provide direct protection for the less reactive protein cysteines by scavenging HNO. Additionally, endogenous cellular production of NO can rescue enzyme function by protective nitrosation of cysteines prior to exposure to HNO
-
competitive inhibitor at pH 7.2
-
complete inhibition at 0.05 mM, reversible by 100 nM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
1 mM
-
67% inhibition at 1 mM
-
weak
-
2 mM, complete inhibition
-
formation of a catalytically inactive SH-enzyme from the catalytically active acetyl-S-enzyme
-
formation of a catalytically inactive SH-enzyme from the catalytically active acetyl-S-enzyme
-
1 mM, 23% inhibition of carboxylation activity, 9% inhibition of decarboxylation activity
-
1 mM, 35% inhibition
-
82.7% residual activity at 1 mM
-
1 mM, 95% inhibition
-
1 mM, 100% inhibition
-
1 mM, complete inhibition
-
reversed with acetic anhydride
-
partial
-
1 mM, 10% inhibition
-
50 mM almost complete inhibition
-
65% inhibition at 1 mM
-
competitive
-
the enzyme is strongly inhibited by hydroxylamine (91.2% inhibition at 1 mM)
-
almost completely reversible by dialysis against pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
-
no inhibition
-
20 mM, 60% inhibition
-
inhibition of ATP-diphosphate exchange
-
above 400 mM
-
3 mM, 80% inhibition
-
the enzyme is sensitive to treatment with hydroxylamine
-
sensitive to
-
complete inhibition
-

Metals and Ions (1 result)

EC NUMBER
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
ENZYME 3D STRUCTURE
nitrosyl hydride replaces dioxygen in nitroxygenase activity of manganese quercetin dioxygenase resulting in the incorporation of both N and O atoms into the product. Turnover is demonstrated by consumption of quercetin and other related substrates under anaerobic conditions in the presence of HNO-releasing compounds and the enzyme. As with dioxygenase activity, a nonenzymatic base-catalyzed reaction of quercetin with HNO isobserved above pH 7, but no enhancement of this basal reactivity is found upon addition of divalent metal salts. Unique and regioselective N-containing products are characterized by MS analysis for both the enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions
-

3D Structure of Enzyme-Ligand-Complex (PDB) (49 results)

Enzyme Kinetic Parameters

kcat Value (Turnover Number) (40 results)

EC NUMBER
TURNOVER NUMBER [1/S]
TURNOVER NUMBER MAXIMUM [1/S]
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.53
-
pH 8, temperature not specified in the publication
3.8
-
purified enzyme, at 70°C and pH 9.0
98.3
217
cosubstrate NADPH
29
-
pH 7.6, 22°C
0.00177
-
-
1.83
-
pH 6.0, 37°C
12.83
-
60°C, pH 7.8

KM Value (122 results)

EC NUMBER
KM VALUE [MM]
KM VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.15
-
-
2.91
-
apparent value, at pH 8.0 and 30°C
0.35
-
in 10 mM Tris-HC1 (pH 8.0), at 30°C
48
-
pH 7.6, 22°C
329.4
-
-
19.3
-
-
131
-
strain R312, transfer reaction

Ki Value (23 results)

EC NUMBER
KI VALUE [MM]
KI VALUE MAXIMUM [MM]
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.0308
-
-
0.00014
-
-
0.12
-
-
0.00052
-
at pH 7.5 and 60°C
0.00043
-
pH 8, 37°C
0.16
-
-

IC50 Value (15 results)

EC NUMBER
IC50 VALUE
IC50 VALUE MAXIMUM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.069
-
pH 8, 37°C
0.0048
-
pH 8.2, 37°C
0.0159
-
at 10 microM, IC50 value is 0.0159 mM

References & Links