Literature summary for 1.1.1.21 extracted from

Zheng, X.; Zhang, L.; Chen, W.; Chen, Y.; Xie, W.; Hu, X.
Partial inhibition of aldose reductase by nitazoxanide and its molecular basis (2012), ChemMedChem, 7, 1921-1923.

Crystallization (Commentary)

Crystallization (Comment)	Organism
purified recombinant enzyme in ternary/binary complex with inhibitor nitazoxanide and/or NADP+, or with NADP+ and glyceraldehyde, for enzyme-NADP+-nitazoxanide complex, enzyme-NADP+ crystals are soaked in a saturated solution of nitazoxanide containing 50% N,N-dimethylformamide, 50 mM ammonium citrate, pH 5.0, and 12.5% PEG 6000, for enzyme-NADP+-D-glyceraldehyde complex, enzyme-NADP+ crystals are soaked in a solution containing 20% pyridine, 0.3 M D,L-glyceraldehyde, 50 mM ammonium citrate, pH 5.0, and 12.5% m/v PEG 6000, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis, modeling	Rattus norvegicus

Crystallization (Comment)

Organism

purified recombinant enzyme in ternary/binary complex with inhibitor nitazoxanide and/or NADP+, or with NADP+ and glyceraldehyde, for enzyme-NADP+-nitazoxanide complex, enzyme-NADP+ crystals are soaked in a saturated solution of nitazoxanide containing 50% N,N-dimethylformamide, 50 mM ammonium citrate, pH 5.0, and 12.5% PEG 6000, for enzyme-NADP+-D-glyceraldehyde complex, enzyme-NADP+ crystals are soaked in a solution containing 20% pyridine, 0.3 M D,L-glyceraldehyde, 50 mM ammonium citrate, pH 5.0, and 12.5% m/v PEG 6000, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis, modeling

Rattus norvegicus

Inhibitors

Inhibitors	Comment	Organism
epalrestat	full inhibition	Rattus norvegicus
nitazoxanide	partial inhibition	Rattus norvegicus
tizoxanide	partial inhibition	Rattus norvegicus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
additional information	Rattus norvegicus	the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of substances, including prostaglandin H2, phospholipid aldehydes, lipid peroxidation products, environmental pollutants and their glutathione conjugates	?	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Rattus norvegicus	-	-	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
additional information	the enzyme catalyzes the reduction of a wide range of substances, including prostaglandin H2, phospholipid aldehydes, lipid peroxidation products, environmental pollutants and their glutathione conjugates	Rattus norvegicus	?	-	?

Subunits

Subunits	Comment	Organism
monomer	-	Rattus norvegicus

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
aldose reductase	-	Rattus norvegicus

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
NADPH	dependent on	Rattus norvegicus

Ki Value [mM]

Ki Value [mM]	Ki Value maximum [mM]	Inhibitor	Comment	Organism
additional information	-	additional information	inhibition kinetics, overview	Rattus norvegicus
0.00935	-	tizoxanide	pH and temperature not specified in the publication	Rattus norvegicus
0.01355	-	nitazoxanide	pH and temperature not specified in the publication	Rattus norvegicus

IC50 Value

IC50 Value	IC50 Value Maximum	Comment	Organism	Inhibitor
0.00011	-	pH and temperature not specified in the publication	Rattus norvegicus	epalrestat
0.00535	-	pH and temperature not specified in the publication	Rattus norvegicus	tizoxanide
0.00822	-	pH and temperature not specified in the publication	Rattus norvegicus	nitazoxanide

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
metabolism	the enzyme is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the polyol pathway where it catalyzes the reduction of glucose to sorbitol	Rattus norvegicus