Literature summary for 1.1.1.431 extracted from

Terebieniec, A.; Chroumpi, T.; Dilokpimol, A.; Aguilar-Pontes, M.V.; Maekelae, M.R.; de Vries, R.P.
Characterization of D-xylose reductase, XyrB, from Aspergillus niger (2021), Biotechnol. Rep., 30, e00610 .

Search for more literature for 1.1.1.431

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene xyrB or NRRL3_10868, phylogenetic and transcriptome analysis, phylogenetic tree, codon optimization of NRRL3_10868 and recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain L21(DE3)pLysS	Aspergillus niger

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM]	KM Value Maximum [mM]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
additional information	-	additional information	comparison of kinetic constants of NADPH dependent D-xylose reductases and other pentose reductases from different fungal species, overview	Aspergillus niger
3.3	-	D-xylose	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 25°C	Aspergillus niger
9.9	-	L-arabinose	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 25°C	Aspergillus niger

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	Aspergillus niger	-	xylitol + NADP+	-	r

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Aspergillus niger	-	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain L21(DE3)pLysS by nickel affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration	Aspergillus niger

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
9.2	-	purified recombinant enzyme, substrate L-arabitol, pH 9.6, 25°C	Aspergillus niger
9.8	-	purified recombinant enzyme, substrate galactitol, pH 9.6, 25°C	Aspergillus niger
11.3	-	purified recombinant enzyme, substrate xylitol, pH 9.6, 25°C	Aspergillus niger
83.9	-	purified recombinant enzyme, substrate D-xylose, pH 7.0, 25°C	Aspergillus niger
98.5	-	purified recombinant enzyme, substrate L-arabinose, pH 7.0, 25°C	Aspergillus niger
136	-	purified recombinant enzyme, substrate D-galactose, pH 7.0, 25°C	Aspergillus niger

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
D-galactose + NADPH + H+	-	Aspergillus niger	galactitol + NADP+	-	r
D-xylose + NADPH + H+	-	Aspergillus niger	xylitol + NADP+	-	r
L-arabinose + NADPH + H+	-	Aspergillus niger	arabitol + NADP+	-	r
additional information	specific activity analysis of Aspergillus niger XyrB shows that the enzyme is able to convert a wide range of sugars and polyols. XyrB shows the highest specific activity towards D-galactose, D-xylose and L-arabinose. The enzyme is also active with D-glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, L-sorbose, D-ribose, D-arabinose, L-xylose, and L-rhamnose in the reductive reaction, and with ribitol, D-arabitol, sorbitol, mannitol, and glycerol in the oxidative reaction	Aspergillus niger	?	-	-

Subunits

Subunits	Comment	Organism
?	x * 33470, about, sequence calculation	Aspergillus niger

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
D-xylose reductase	-	Aspergillus niger
More	cf. EC 1.1.1.21	Aspergillus niger
NADPH dependent D-xylose reductase	-	Aspergillus niger
NRRL3_10868	-	Aspergillus niger
XyrB	-	Aspergillus niger

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
25	-	assay at	Aspergillus niger

Temperature Range [°C]

Temperature Minimum [°C]	Temperature Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
30	80	-	Aspergillus niger

Temperature Stability [°C]

Temperature Stability Minimum [°C]	Temperature Stability Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
30	50	-	Aspergillus niger

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s]	Turnover Number Maximum [1/s]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
9.65	-	D-xylose	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 25°C	Aspergillus niger
15.61	-	L-arabinose	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 25°C	Aspergillus niger

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
7	-	sugar reduction assay at	Aspergillus niger
9.6	-	sugar alcohol oxidation assay at	Aspergillus niger

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
NADP+	-	Aspergillus niger
NADPH	-	Aspergillus niger

pI Value

Organism	Comment	pI Value Maximum	pI Value
Aspergillus niger	sequence calculation	-	6.09

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
evolution	D-xylose reductase is a member of the aldo-keto reductase family. Its catalytic mechanism is likely conserved in other AKRs that contain these amino acids. Expression profiles for D-xylose reductase xyrA, D-xylose reductase xyrB and L-arabinose reductase larA from Aspergillus niger, overview	Aspergillus niger
malfunction	expression of gene xyrB is strongly reduced in the xlnR deletion strain on D-xylose and in the araR deletion strain on L-arabinose, indicating control of its expression by both regulators	Aspergillus niger
metabolism	D-xylose reductase is involved in D-xylose and L-arabinose conversion through the pentose catabolic pathway (PCP) in fungi	Aspergillus niger
additional information	the enzyme contains an aldo/keto reductase (AKR) motif between positions 22-277. The mechanism of catalysis in AKRs involves a catalytic tetrad, His, Tyr, Lys and Asp, in which the tyrosine hydroxyl group is the general acid and appears to be a proton relay from the histidine or lysine	Aspergillus niger

kcat/KM [mM/s]

kcat/KM Value [1/mMs^-1]	kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs^-1]	Substrate	Comment	Organism	Structure
1.58	-	L-arabinose	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 25°C	Aspergillus niger
2.92	-	D-xylose	recombinant enzyme, pH 7.0, 25°C	Aspergillus niger

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)