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Literature summary for 1.1.3.17 extracted from

  • Hoang, J.V.; Gadda, G.
    Trapping choline oxidase in a nonfunctional conformation by freezing at low pH (2007), Proteins Struct. Funct. Bioinform., 66, 611-620.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
expressed in Escherichia coli, plasmid pET/codA1 Arthrobacter globiformis

General Stability

General Stability Organism
storage at -20°C and pH 6 results in a change in the conformation, loss of catalytic activity at pH 6, reactivation of the enzyme slow at pH 6 and temperatures between 20 and 39°C, facilitated by elevated pH values at 25°C and pH above 6.5 Arthrobacter globiformis

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.5
-
choline previously stored at pH 6 and 0°C, measured at pH 7 and 25°C Arthrobacter globiformis
0.6
-
choline previously stored at pH 8 and -20°C, measured at pH 7 and 25°C Arthrobacter globiformis
0.6
-
choline previously stored at pH 8 and 0°C, measured at pH 7 and 25°C Arthrobacter globiformis
0.7
-
choline previously stored at pH 6 and -20°C, measured at pH 7 and 25°C Arthrobacter globiformis

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
choline + O2 Arthrobacter globiformis
-
betaine aldehyde + H2O2
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arthrobacter globiformis Q7X2H8 strain ATCC 8010
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
recombinant protein, purified to homogeneity, gel filtration Arthrobacter globiformis

Renatured (Commentary)

Renatured (Comment) Organism
conformational change reverting the enzyme to the native form, rate of approaching steady state independent of concentrations of choline and enzyme, increased to a limiting value with increasing pH Arthrobacter globiformis

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
commercial preparation
-
Arthrobacter globiformis
-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
additional information
-
temperature effects on the apparent rate constant for slow transition from inactive to active form, pH effects on the hysteretic behavior, effect of storage pH and temperature on activity Arthrobacter globiformis

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
choline + O2
-
Arthrobacter globiformis betaine aldehyde + H2O2
-
?
choline + O2 localized structural changes trap choline oxidase in a nonfunctional folded conformation, reversible loss of ability to catalyze the oxidation of choline Arthrobacter globiformis betaine aldehyde + H2O2
-
?

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
25
-
time courses of oxygen consumption and enzymatic activity, incubation of the inactive enzyme at 25°C above pH 6.5 reveals fast and partial reactivation, slow onset of steady state during enzymatic turnover Arthrobacter globiformis

Temperature Range [°C]

Temperature Minimum [°C] Temperature Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
20 39 effect of temperature on the rate of reactivation at pH 6 Arthrobacter globiformis

Temperature Stability [°C]

Temperature Stability Minimum [°C] Temperature Stability Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
additional information
-
freezing at low pH leads to reversible conformational change, associated with complete and reversible loss of catalytic activity Arthrobacter globiformis

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
4.4
-
choline previously stored at pH 6 and -20°C, measured at pH 7 and 25°C Arthrobacter globiformis
13.3
-
choline previously stored at pH 6 and 0°C, measured at pH 7 and 25°C Arthrobacter globiformis
14.9
-
choline previously stored at pH 8 and 0°C, measured at pH 7 and 25°C Arthrobacter globiformis
15.5
-
choline previously stored at pH 8 and -20°C, measured at pH 7 and 25°C Arthrobacter globiformis

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7
-
activity assay at Arthrobacter globiformis

pH Range

pH Minimum pH Maximum Comment Organism
6.5 9.6 pH effects on the rate constants for fast transition from inactive to active form measured, choline concentrations in the range from 0.1 to 10 mM, temperature effects on enzyme reactivation determined at pH 6 Arthrobacter globiformis

pH Stability

pH Stability pH Stability Maximum Comment Organism
additional information
-
prolonged incubation of the inactive enzyme at pH 6 and temperatures above 20°C reveals slow and full recovery of activity over 3 hours, linked to conformational change reverting the enzyme to the native form, rate of approaching steady state independent of concentrations of choline and enzyme, increased to a limiting value with increasing pH Arthrobacter globiformis

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
FAD groups responsible for the change in the protein conformation are not likely to be in the enzyme active site, direct effect on the microenvironment of the enzyme-bound flavin and activity of the enzyme Arthrobacter globiformis