Literature summary for 1.14.14.114 extracted from

Ji, Y.; Xiao, J.; Shen, Y.; Ma, D.; Li, Z.; Pu, G.; Li, X.; Huang, L.; Liu, B.; Ye, H.; Wang, H.
Cloning and characterization of AabHLH1, a bHLH transcription factor that positively regulates artemisinin biosynthesis in Artemisia annua (2014), Plant Cell Physiol., 55, 1592-1604 .

Search for more literature for 1.14.14.114

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene CYP71AV1, semi-quantitative RT-PCR enzyme expression analysis, the expression level of CYP71AV1 significantly increases with the overexpression of AabHLH1	Artemisia annua

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]	Artemisia annua	overall reaction via artemsinic alcohol and artemsinic aldehyde, multistep process	artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O	-	?
amorpha-4,11-diene + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]	Artemisia annua	-	artemisinic alcohol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O	-	?
artemisinic alcohol + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]	Artemisia annua	-	artemisinic aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O	-	?
artemisinic aldehyde + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]	Artemisia annua	-	artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Artemisia annua	Q1PS23	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
secretory trichome	of leaves	Artemisia annua	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
amorpha-4,11-diene + 3 O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]	overall reaction via artemsinic alcohol and artemsinic aldehyde, multistep process	Artemisia annua	artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 4 H2O	-	?
amorpha-4,11-diene + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]	-	Artemisia annua	artemisinic alcohol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O	-	?
artemisinic alcohol + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]	-	Artemisia annua	artemisinic aldehyde + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + 2 H2O	-	?
artemisinic aldehyde + O2 + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase]	-	Artemisia annua	artemisinate + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
CYP71AV1	-	Artemisia annua

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
NADPH-hemoprotein reductase	A flavoprotein containing both FMN and FAD. This enzyme catalyses the transfer of electrons from NADPH, an obligatory two-electron donor, to microsomal P-450 monooxygenases, EC 1.14.14._	Artemisia annua

Expression

Organism	Comment	Expression
Artemisia annua	the expression level of CYP71AV1 significantly increases with the overexpression of transcription factor AabHLH1. The promoters of ADS and CYP71AV1 contain E-box elements, which are putative binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The E-box is important for the CYP71AV1 promoter activity. AabHLH1 can positively regulate the biosynthesis of artemisinin. AabHLH1 protein is capable of binding to the E-box cis-elements, present in both ADS and CYP71AV1 promoters, and possesses transactivation activity in yeast. Transient expression of AabHLH1 in Artemisia annua leaves increases transcript levels of the genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis, such as ADS, CYP71AV1 and HMGR	up

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
malfunction	abolished activation of AabHLH1 by mutated E-boxes of the CYP71AV1 promoter	Artemisia annua
metabolism	amorpha-4,11-diene synthase (ADS) and Cyt P450 monooxygenase CYP71AV1 in Artemisia annua are two key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of artemisinin. The promoters of ADS and CYP71AV1 contain E-box elements, which are putative binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors. The E-box is important for the CYP71AV1 promoter activity. AabHLH1 can positively regulate the biosynthesis of artemisinin. AabHLH1 protein is capable of binding to the E-box cis-elements, present in both ADS and CYP71AV1 promoters, and possesses transactivation activity in yeast	Artemisia annua

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)