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Literature summary for 1.14.14.158 extracted from

  • Ma, G.; Zhang, L.; Yungyuen, W.; Tsukamoto, I.; Iijima, N.; Oikawa, M.; Yamawaki, K.; Yahata, M.; Kato, M.
    Expression and functional analysis of Citrus carotene hydroxylases unravelling the xanthophyll biosynthesis in citrus fruits (2016), BMC Plant Biol., 16, 148 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene CitCYP97C, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analysis. When CitHYb and CitCYP97C are coexpressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) the monohydroxylated zeinoxanthin, which is produced by CitHYb, is further converted to lutein by CitCYP97C, when CitCYP97A and CitCYP97C are coexpressed or CitCYP97B and CitCYP97C are coexpressed, no hydroxylated carotene is detected in the alpha-carotene- and beta-carotene-accumulating Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) cells Citrus unshiu

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
chloroplast as most carotenoids are synthesized and stored in plastids, the location of CitCYP97C, together with the other enzymes involved, i.e. CitHYb, CitCYP97A, and CitCYP97B, within plastid allows them to catalyze the reaction of carotene hydroxylation Citrus unshiu 9507
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Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
zeinoxanthin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 Citrus unshiu
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lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
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?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Citrus unshiu A0A1L7NT18
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-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
partially, isolation of CitCYP79C from fruits Citrus unshiu

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
fruit in flavedo and juice sacs, expression of CitCYP97C increases with two peaks in September and November, respectively Citrus unshiu
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additional information lutein content in the juice sacs during the ripening process is high during November and December, and in the flavedo it is highest in August, while lowest in December, overview Citrus unshiu
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
zeinoxanthin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2
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Citrus unshiu lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
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?
zeinoxanthin + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 recombinant enzyme Citrus unshiu lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O
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?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
? x * 61600, about, sequence calculation of CitCYP97C Citrus unshiu

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
CitCYP97C
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Citrus unshiu

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
cytochrome P450
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Citrus unshiu
heme
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Citrus unshiu

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism the enzyme is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway Citrus unshiu
physiological function of the four citrus carotene hydroxylases presented in four distinct clusters, CitCYP97C is the one responsible for epsilon-ring hydroxylation in Citrus unshiu, while CitCYP97A and CitCYP97B hydroxylate the alpha- and beta-rings of alpha-carotene, respectively, roles of four carotene hydroxylase genes (CitHYb, CitCYP97A, CitCYP97B, and CitCYP97C) in regulating xanthophylls biosynthesis. Zeaxanthin increases significantly during the ripening process in Citrus fruits, contents of alpha-carotene and lutein increase gradually in the juice sacs during the ripening process, the content of beta-cryptoxanthin, the major carotenoid in Satsuma mandarin, increases significantly during the ripening process in December, overview Citrus unshiu