Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
gene lar, overexpression of the enzyme in Medicago truncatula hairy roots, conversion of 4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin to epicatechin by recombinant LAR | Medicago truncatula |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
K143G | no activity with authentic 4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin with recombinant mutant LAR | Medicago truncatula |
additional information | a lar-1/anr-1 double mutant displays darkred colour resulting from redirected metabolic flow from anthocyanidin to anthocyanin | Medicago truncatula |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+ | Medicago truncatula | - |
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+ | Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 | - |
(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ | Medicago truncatula | enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization | epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+ | - |
? | |
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ | Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 | enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization | epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+ | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Medicago truncatula | Q3KN75 | - |
- |
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 | Q3KN75 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
seed coat | - |
Medicago truncatula | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+ | - |
Medicago truncatula | (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+ | - |
Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 | (2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ | enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization | Medicago truncatula | epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+ | - |
? | |
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ | enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner | Medicago truncatula | epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+ | - |
? | |
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ | enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner in hairy roots. 4beta-(S-Cysteinyl)-epicatechin provides the extension unit during procyanidin polymerization | Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 | epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+ | - |
? | |
4beta-(S-cysteinyl)-epicatechin + NADPH + H+ | enzyme LAR generates epicatechin from epicatechin-cysteine conjugate in an NADPH-dependent manner | Medicago truncatula ecotype R108 | epicatechin + cysteine + NADP+ | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
LAR | - |
Medicago truncatula |
MtLAR | - |
Medicago truncatula |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
22 | - |
assay at room temperature | Medicago truncatula |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7 | - |
assay at | Medicago truncatula |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADPH | - |
Medicago truncatula |
Organism | Comment | Expression |
---|---|---|
Medicago truncatula | overexpression of the myeloblastosis (MYB)14 or MYB5 transcription factors induces proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in hairy roots, LAR is induced in MYB5 overexpressing hairy roots | up |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
metabolism | flavan-3-ols are synthesized through the flavonoid pathway via leucoanthocyanidin and anthocyanidin. Leucoanthocyanidin can be converted to (+)-flavan-3-ol, e.g. (+)-catechin, by leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) or to anthocyanidin by anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) | Medicago truncatula |
additional information | molecular modelling and molecular docking of epicatechin-cysteine to MtLAR, based on the crystal structure of Vitis vinifera LAR | Medicago truncatula |
physiological function | role for leucoanthocyanidin reductase in the extension of proanthocyanidins. Monomeric flavan-3-ols do not dimerize in autopolymerization assays, whereas procyanidin B2 oligomerizes, either alone or with monomeric flavan-3-ols, suggesting that formation of epicatechin carbocation is a crucial step for proanthocyanidin assembly | Medicago truncatula |