Literature summary for 1.17.1.3 extracted from

Nemesio-Gorriz, M.; Hammerbacher, A.; Ihrmark, K.; Kaellman, T.; Olson, A.; Lascoux, M.; Stenlid, J.; Gershenzon, J.; Elfstrand, M.
Different alleles of a gene encoding leucoanthocyanidin reductase (PaLAR3) influence resistance against the fungus Heterobasidion parviporum in Picea abies (2016), Plant Physiol., 171, 2671-2681 .

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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene LAR3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination, genotyping, genetic organization and allelic structure of the gene, identification of nonsynonymous substitutions, and to analysis of motifs in the promoter, recombinant expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, and quantitative RT-PCR analyis of allele-specific gene expression of the PaLAR3 alleles	Picea abies

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+	Picea abies	-	(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Picea abies	X2CYU7	4 different populations	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
2,3-trans-3,4-cis-leucocyanidin + NADPH + H+	-	Picea abies	(2R,3S)-catechin + NADP+ + H2O	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
PaLAR3	-	Picea abies

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
evolution	enzyme LAR3 belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase protein family	Picea abies
physiological function	the enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of (+)-catechin, a flavan-3-ol that is a precursor of the proanthcyanidins from leucoanthocyanidin. Presence of two PaLAR3 allelic lineages in Picea abies. Higher resistance to Heterobasidion annosum s.l., a pathogenic basidiomycete species complex, is associated with the newly detected allele, which is found in low frequency in the four Picea abies populations. Norway spruce plants carrying at least one copy of the newly detected allele show a significant reduction in fungal growth in sapwood (FGS) after inoculation with Heterobasidion parviporum compared to their half-siblings carrying no copies, indicating dominance of this allele. The amount of (+)-catechin, the enzymatic product of PaLAR3, is significantly higher in bark of trees homozygous for the secod allele. Regulation of gene expression is responsible for effects in resistance, possibly caused by differences in cis-acting elements that are observed in the promoter region of the two alleles. PaLAR3A and PaLAR3B show similar enzymatic activity. Constitutive bark (+)-catechin content is higher in PaLAR3B homozygotes	Picea abies

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)