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Literature summary for 1.3.1.6 extracted from
- Regulation of succinate-ubiquinone reductase and fumarate reductase activities in human complex II by phosphorylation of its flavoprotein subunit (2009), Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B, 85, 258-265.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | FRD activity increases significantly when cancer cells are cultured under hypoxic and glucose-deprived conditions | Homo sapiens |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mitochondrion | - |
Homo sapiens | 5739 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| succinate + NAD+ | Homo sapiens | - |
fumarate + NADH + H+ | - |
r |  |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Posttranslational Modification
| Posttranslational Modification | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| phosphoprotein | phosphorylation of the flavoprotein subunit is required for enzyme activity. Treatment with phosphatase causes the dephosphorylation of flavoprotein subunit, with a concomitant increase in succinate-ubiquinone reductase activity, whereas FRD activity decreases | Homo sapiens |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| native enzyme from cancer cell mitochondria | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| CAPAN-1 cell | pancreatic cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
| DLD-1 cell | colorectal cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
| fibroblast | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| Hep-G2 cell | hepatocellular carcinoma cells | Homo sapiens | - |
| HT-29 cell | colorectal cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | cancer cells have higher FRD activity levels than the normal fibroblast cells | Homo sapiens | - |
| PANC-1 cell | pancreatic cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
| PSN-1 cell | pancreatic cancer cells | Homo sapiens | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
FRD activity in mitochondria from DLD-1 cells under tumor-mimicking microenvironmental conditions | Homo sapiens |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | FRD activity is measured as the change in absorbance produced by the oxidation of reduced methyl viologen | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| succinate + NAD+ | - |
Homo sapiens | fumarate + NADH + H+ | - |
r | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| FRD | - |
Homo sapiens |
| fumarate reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAD | flavoprotein subunit required for FRD activity, the subunit is phosphorylated for enzyme activity | Homo sapiens | |
| NAD+ | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| NADH | - |
Homo sapiens | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| physiological function | complex II catalyzes the reduction of fumarate, which is the reverse of the reaction catalyzed by succinate-ubiquinone reductase, SQR, as the final step enzyme in the NADH-fumarate reductase system | Homo sapiens |
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