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Literature summary for 1.3.5.5 extracted from

  • Mazzucchi, L.; Xu, Y.; Harvey, P.
    Stereoisomers of colourless carotenoids from the marine microalga Dunaliella salina (2020), Molecules, 25, 1880 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 1.3.5.5

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
additional information light wavelengths affect the synthesis of carotenoids in Dunaliella salina. The red light increases the cellular content of all major carotenoids and total carotenoids. Concentrations of 15-cis-phytoene in cultures increase with light intensity under both red and blue light, being generally higher under red than blue light (more than double) Dunaliella salina

Application

Application Comment Organism
synthesis Dunalielle salina can be used as a cell factory for phytoene production Dunaliella salina

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
chlorpropham
-
 Dunaliella salina
norflurazon
-
 Dunaliella salina

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
chloroplast
-
 Dunaliella salina 9507
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinone Dunaliella salina
-
 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene + plastoquinol
-
 ?
15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinone Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/41 (PLY DF15)
-
 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene + plastoquinol
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + plastoquinone Dunaliella salina
-
 15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinol
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + plastoquinone Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/41 (PLY DF15)
-
 15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinol
-
 ?
additional information Dunaliella salina geranylgeranyl diphosphate is catalysed by phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase to phytoene and phytofluene, respectively. The subsequent steps involve desaturation, isomerisation and cyclisation reactions to form alpha- and beta-carotene stereoisomers, via all-trans lycopene ?
-
-
additional information Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/41 (PLY DF15) geranylgeranyl diphosphate is catalysed by phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase to phytoene and phytofluene, respectively. The subsequent steps involve desaturation, isomerisation and cyclisation reactions to form alpha- and beta-carotene stereoisomers, via all-trans lycopene ?
-
-

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Dunaliella salina Q3ZDQ0
-
-
Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/41 (PLY DF15) Q3ZDQ0
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinone
-
 Dunaliella salina 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene + plastoquinol
-
 ?
15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinone
-
 Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/41 (PLY DF15) 9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene + plastoquinol
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + plastoquinone
-
 Dunaliella salina 15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinol
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + plastoquinone
-
 Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/41 (PLY DF15) 15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinol
-
 ?
additional information geranylgeranyl diphosphate is catalysed by phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase to phytoene and phytofluene, respectively. The subsequent steps involve desaturation, isomerisation and cyclisation reactions to form alpha- and beta-carotene stereoisomers, via all-trans lycopene Dunaliella salina ?
-
-
additional information geranylgeranyl diphosphate is catalysed by phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase to phytoene and phytofluene, respectively. The subsequent steps involve desaturation, isomerisation and cyclisation reactions to form alpha- and beta-carotene stereoisomers, via all-trans lycopene Dunaliella salina CCAP 19/41 (PLY DF15) ?
-
-

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
PDS
-
 Dunaliella salina

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction high light stress, red light stress, or use of a phytoene desaturase inhibitor or a mitotic disrupter herbicide lead to the accumulation of 15-cis phytoene but not all-trans phytoene. Bleaching herbicides such as norflurazon are known to boost phytoene accumulation in the cells of Dunaliella salina and other higher plants, by inhibiting PDS, which prevents the conversion of phytoene to phytofluene Dunaliella salina
metabolism determination of the phytoene isomers in Dunaliella salina by NMR spectrocopy and analysis of the carotenoid synthesis pathway of Dunaliella salina, overview Dunaliella salina
physiological function carotenoids comprise a diverse range of naturally occurring stereoisomers, which differ in their physico-chemical properties. Their biosynthesis begins with phytoene, which is a rarity among carotenoids because it is colourless. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate is catalysed by phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase to phytoene and phytofluene, respectively. The subsequent steps involve desaturation, isomerisation and cyclisation reactions to form alpha- and beta-carotene stereoisomers, via all-trans lycopene. The marine microalga Dunaliella salina is the richest source of beta-carotene, but it can accumulate phytoene and phytofluene as well. Dunaliella salina, similar to tomato, produces predominantly 15-cis phytoene isomer (over 98%) and a trace amount of all-trans phytoene (below 2%). 9-cis phytoene is not detected in any of the extracts of Dunaliella salina biomass. 15-cis phytoene is the most abundant isomer in Dunaliella salina and that it is subject to a series of isomerisation and desaturation reactions to form all-trans and 9-cis beta-carotene Dunaliella salina