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Literature summary for 1.3.99.30 extracted from

  • Ding, B.Y.; Niu, J.; Shang, F.; Yang, L.; Chang, T.Y.; Wang, J.J.
    Characterization of the geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene in Acyrthosiphon pisum (Hemiptera Aphididae) and its association with carotenoid biosynthesis (2019), Front. Physiol., 10, 1398 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 1.3.99.30

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene al-1, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli Neurospora crassa
gene carB, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli Blakeslea trispora

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway Neurospora crassa
additional information competition between lycopene cyclase and the phytoene desaturases modified the distribution between carotene intermediates when expressed in yeast in the context of the full beta-carotene production pathway Blakeslea trispora

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
additional information
-
 additional information classical Michaelis-Menten kinetic model Neurospora crassa
additional information
-
 additional information classical Michaelis-Menten kinetic model Blakeslea trispora

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
membrane
-
 Neurospora crassa 16020
-
membrane
-
 Blakeslea trispora 16020
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor Neurospora crassa
-
 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor Blakeslea trispora
-
 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71
-
 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A
-
 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor Neurospora crassa DSM 1257
-
 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698
-
 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor Neurospora crassa FGSC 987
-
 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor Neurospora crassa
-
 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor Blakeslea trispora
-
 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71
-
 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A
-
 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor Neurospora crassa DSM 1257
-
 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698
-
 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor Neurospora crassa FGSC 987
-
 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor Neurospora crassa
-
 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor Blakeslea trispora
-
 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71
-
 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A
-
 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor Neurospora crassa DSM 1257
-
 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698
-
 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor Neurospora crassa FGSC 987
-
 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor Neurospora crassa
-
 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor Blakeslea trispora
-
 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71
-
 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A
-
 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor Neurospora crassa DSM 1257
-
 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698
-
 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor Neurospora crassa FGSC 987
-
 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor Neurospora crassa
-
 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor Blakeslea trispora
-
 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71
-
 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A
-
 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor Neurospora crassa DSM 1257
-
 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698
-
 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor Neurospora crassa FGSC 987
-
 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Blakeslea trispora Q67GI0 Choanephora trispora
-
Neurospora crassa P21334
-
-
Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A P21334
-
-
Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698 P21334
-
-
Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71 P21334
-
-
Neurospora crassa DSM 1257 P21334
-
-
Neurospora crassa FGSC 987 P21334
-
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
-
 Blakeslea trispora all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa DSM 1257 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
15-cis-phytoene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa FGSC 987 all-trans-phytofluene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor
-
 Blakeslea trispora all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa DSM 1257 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-lycopene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa FGSC 987 all-trans-3,4-didehydrolycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
-
 Blakeslea trispora all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa DSM 1257 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-neurosporene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa FGSC 987 all-trans-lycopene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
-
 Blakeslea trispora all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa DSM 1257 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-phytofluene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa FGSC 987 all-trans-zeta-carotene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
-
 Blakeslea trispora all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa CBS 708.71 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa 74-OR23-1A all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa DSM 1257 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa ATCC 24698 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?
all-trans-zeta-carotene + acceptor
-
 Neurospora crassa FGSC 987 all-trans-neurosporene + reduced acceptor
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
Al-1
-
 Neurospora crassa
CarB
-
 Blakeslea trispora
CrtI
-
 Neurospora crassa
CrtI
-
 Blakeslea trispora
PDS
-
 Neurospora crassa
PDS
-
 Blakeslea trispora
phytoene desaturase
-
 Neurospora crassa
phytoene desaturase
-
 Blakeslea trispora

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution the enzyme belongs to the CrtI family of enzymes, analysis of the phylogenetic tree of a subset of phytoene desaturases from the CrtI family, overview. Recombinant expression of eight codon optimized CrtI enzymes from different clades in a bacterial system reveals that three CrtI enzymes can catalyse up to six desaturations, forming tetradehydrolycopene. Existence of characteristic patterns of desaturated molecules associated with various CrtI clades. Variations in the reaction rates and binding constants can explain the various carotene patterns observed. Relationship between genetic and functional evolution of certain CrtI enzymes, overview Neurospora crassa
evolution the enzyme belongs to the CrtI family of enzymes, analysis of the phylogenetic tree of a subset of phytoene desaturases from the CrtI family, overview. Recombinant expression of eight codon optimized CrtI enzymes from different clades in a bacterial system reveals that three CrtI enzymes can catalyse up to six desaturations, forming tetradehydrolycopene. Existence of characteristic patterns of desaturated molecules associated with various CrtI clades. Variations in the reaction rates and binding constants can explain the various carotene patterns observed. Relationship between genetic and functional evolution of certain CrtI enzymes, overview Blakeslea trispora
metabolism carotenoid biosynthesis starts with the symmetrical condensation of two geranylgeranyl diphosphate molecules, forming phytoene. A series of successive desaturation reactions convert phytoene into phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene, lycopene. These desaturation reactions can be accomplished by a single enzyme (poly-trans pathway) or through a cascade of different enzymes (poly-cis pathway). In algae and plants, four different enzymes are necessary to form the final product (all-trans-lycopene). The phytoene and the zeta-carotene desaturases (PDS and ZDS, respectively) add double bonds in the cis-conformation. ZISO (zeta-carotene isomerase) and CRTISO (prolycopene isomerase) convert the cis-carotenes into di-cis-zeta-carotene and all-trans-lycopene, respectively. By contrast to other phytoene desaturases, CrtI are versatile enzymes classified into four enzymatic subgroups (EC 1.3.99.28, EC 1.3.99.29, EC 1.3.99.30, and EC 1.3.99.31) based on the last product they presumably produce (from zeta-carotene to didehydrolycopene). Carotene diversity can be further expanded in later steps with the addition of one or two rings by lycopene cyclases, thereby producing an extensive variety of symmetrical or asymmetrical cyclised carotenes, such as beta-zeacarotene, dehydro-beta-carotene, gamma-carotene, beta-carotene, and the fungi-specific torulene. When expressed in heterologous hosts, CrtI enzymes exhibit distinct desaturation patterns, CrtI enzyme activities may depend on the experimental conditions and thus be inconsistent with the patterns generated in the natural host. Pantoea ananatis CrtI produces lycopene in vivo, but also tetradehydrolycopene in vitro Neurospora crassa
metabolism carotenoid biosynthesis starts with the symmetrical condensation of two geranylgeranyl diphosphate molecules, forming phytoene. A series of successive desaturation reactions convert phytoene into phytofluene, zeta-carotene, neurosporene, lycopene. These desaturation reactions can be accomplished by a single enzyme (poly-trans pathway) or through a cascade of different enzymes (poly-cis pathway). In algae and plants, four different enzymes are necessary to form the final product (all-trans-lycopene). The phytoene and the zeta-carotene desaturases (PDS and ZDS, respectively) add double bonds in the cis-conformation. ZISO (zeta-carotene isomerase) and CRTISO (prolycopene isomerase) convert the cis-carotenes into di-cis-zeta-carotene and all-trans-lycopene, respectively. By contrast to other phytoene desaturases, CrtI are versatile enzymes classified into four enzymatic subgroups (EC 1.3.99.28, EC 1.3.99.29, EC 1.3.99.30, and EC 1.3.99.31) based on the last product they presumably produce (from zeta-carotene to didehydrolycopene). Carotene diversity can be further expanded in later steps with the addition of one or two rings by lycopene cyclases, thereby producing an extensive variety of symmetrical or asymmetrical cyclised carotenes, such as beta-zeacarotene, dehydro-beta-carotene, gamma-carotene, beta-carotene, and the fungi-specific torulene. When expressed in heterologous hosts, CrtI enzymes exhibit distinct desaturation patterns, CrtI enzyme activities may depend on the experimental conditions and thus be inconsistent with the patterns generated in the natural host. Blakeslea trispora CrtI produces lycopene in vivo and in vitro (see also EC 1.3.99.31), but also didehydrolycopene in vivo Blakeslea trispora
additional information comparison of the natural evolution and kinetic properties of selected CrtI enzymes expressed and assayed under standardised conditions. Potentially all CrtI enzymes can catalyse desaturation reactions that progress beyond the already observed end-products and the pattern of products formed originates from variations in the reaction rates rather than affinity constants Neurospora crassa
additional information comparison of the natural evolution and kinetic properties of selected CrtI enzymes expressed and assayed under standardised conditions. Potentially all CrtI enzymes can catalyse desaturation reactions that progress beyond the already observed end-products and the pattern of products formed originates from variations in the reaction rates rather than affinity constants Blakeslea trispora