BRENDA - Reference to 1.4.1.13; Id = 391463

production of the beta subunit in Escherichia coli

Azospirillum brasilense

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, uncompetitive inhibition with ferricyanide or iodonitrotetrazolium as substrate, competitive inhibition with NADPH as substrate

Azospirillum brasilense

0.0035

-

NADPH

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, acceptor: iodonitrotetrazolium

Azospirillum brasilense

0.0098

-

NADPH

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, acceptor: menadione

Azospirillum brasilense

0.0118

-

NADPH

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, acceptor: ferricyanide

Azospirillum brasilense

0.035

-

menadione

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

0.05

-

iodonitrotetrazolium

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

0.14

-

ferricyanide

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

Iron

iron-sulfur protein

Azospirillum brasilense

-

of the recombinant enzyme beta subunit, using ammonium sulfate fractionation, affinity chromatography on Reactive Red, ultrafiltration and column chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 54

Azospirillum brasilense

L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+

-

391463

Azospirillum brasilense

L-glutamate + NADP+

-

391463

Azospirillum brasilense

-

additional information

the enzyme beta subunit is devoid of glutamate synthase activity in either direction at both pH 7.5 and 9.5, but it can oxidize NADPH and transfer electrons to synthetic electron acceptors like iodonitrotetrazolium, ferricyanide, menadione, dichloroindophenol, the beta subunit is highly specific toward NADPH, the rate of oxidation of NADH in the presence of electron acceptors is less than 5% of that measured with NADPH

391463

Azospirillum brasilense

?

-

18.3

-

NADPH

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, co-substrate: iodonitrotetrazolium, inhibitor: 2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

Azospirillum brasilense

20

-

iodonitrotetrazolium

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, co-substrate: NADPH, inhibitor: 2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

Azospirillum brasilense

25.3

-

menadione

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase acitivity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

30.8

-

NADPH

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, co-substrate: ferricyanide, inhibitor: 2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

Azospirillum brasilense

32

-

iodonitrotetrazolium

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase acitivity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

39.5

-

ferricyanide

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, co-substrate: NADPH, inhibitor: 2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'beta-D-ribose

Azospirillum brasilense

41.9

-

ferricyanide

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase acitivity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

flavin

flavoenzyme; the beta subunit contains the binding site for FAD, 0.83 mol FAD per mol beta subunit

Azospirillum brasilense

additional information

the enzyme contains three distinct ion-sulfur centers per alphabeta protomer

Azospirillum brasilense

NADPH

the beta subunit contains the NADPH binding site of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

0.021

-

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, substrate: NADPH, cosubstrate: ferricyanide

Azospirillum brasilense

0.08

-

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, substrate: NADPH, cosubstrate: iodonitrotetrazolium

Azospirillum brasilense

0.18

-

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, substrate: ferricyanide, cosubstrate: NADPH

Azospirillum brasilense

0.495

-

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, substrate: iodonitrotetrazolium, cosubstrate: NADPH

Azospirillum brasilense

production of the beta subunit in Escherichia coli

Azospirillum brasilense

flavin

flavoenzyme; the beta subunit contains the binding site for FAD, 0.83 mol FAD per mol beta subunit

Azospirillum brasilense

additional information

the enzyme contains three distinct ion-sulfur centers per alphabeta protomer

Azospirillum brasilense

NADPH

the beta subunit contains the NADPH binding site of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, uncompetitive inhibition with ferricyanide or iodonitrotetrazolium as substrate, competitive inhibition with NADPH as substrate

Azospirillum brasilense

0.021

-

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, substrate: NADPH, cosubstrate: ferricyanide

Azospirillum brasilense

0.08

-

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, substrate: NADPH, cosubstrate: iodonitrotetrazolium

Azospirillum brasilense

0.18

-

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, substrate: ferricyanide, cosubstrate: NADPH

Azospirillum brasilense

0.495

-

2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

for the NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, substrate: iodonitrotetrazolium, cosubstrate: NADPH

Azospirillum brasilense

0.0035

-

NADPH

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, acceptor: iodonitrotetrazolium

Azospirillum brasilense

0.0098

-

NADPH

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, acceptor: menadione

Azospirillum brasilense

0.0118

-

NADPH

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, acceptor: ferricyanide

Azospirillum brasilense

0.035

-

menadione

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

0.05

-

iodonitrotetrazolium

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

0.14

-

ferricyanide

of NADPH: acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

Iron

iron-sulfur protein

Azospirillum brasilense

of the recombinant enzyme beta subunit, using ammonium sulfate fractionation, affinity chromatography on Reactive Red, ultrafiltration and column chromatography on Ultrogel AcA 54

Azospirillum brasilense

L-glutamine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+

-

391463

Azospirillum brasilense

L-glutamate + NADP+

-

391463

Azospirillum brasilense

-

additional information

the enzyme beta subunit is devoid of glutamate synthase activity in either direction at both pH 7.5 and 9.5, but it can oxidize NADPH and transfer electrons to synthetic electron acceptors like iodonitrotetrazolium, ferricyanide, menadione, dichloroindophenol, the beta subunit is highly specific toward NADPH, the rate of oxidation of NADH in the presence of electron acceptors is less than 5% of that measured with NADPH

391463

Azospirillum brasilense

?

-

18.3

-

NADPH

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, co-substrate: iodonitrotetrazolium, inhibitor: 2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

Azospirillum brasilense

20

-

iodonitrotetrazolium

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, co-substrate: NADPH, inhibitor: 2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

Azospirillum brasilense

25.3

-

menadione

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase acitivity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

30.8

-

NADPH

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, co-substrate: ferricyanide, inhibitor: 2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'-beta-D-ribose

Azospirillum brasilense

32

-

iodonitrotetrazolium

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase acitivity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

39.5

-

ferricyanide

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase activity of the beta subunit of the enzyme, co-substrate: NADPH, inhibitor: 2'-phosphoadenosine-5'-diphospho-5'beta-D-ribose

Azospirillum brasilense

41.9

-

ferricyanide

of NADPH:acceptor oxidoreductase acitivity of the beta subunit of the enzyme

Azospirillum brasilense

725886

Dincturk

Expression and functional anal ...

Pyrococcus horikoshii

Microbiol. Res.

166

294-303

2011

-

1

-

5

-

3

4

-

9

-

6

1

5

2

1

2

4

1

-

2

-

2

4

-

6

-

3

4

-

6

2

1

4

2

-

2

4

-

745714

Dincturk

Expression and functional ana ...

Pyrococcus horikoshii, Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3, Pyrococcus horikoshii OT3

Microbiol. Res.

166

294-303

2011

-

2

-

10

-

3

2

-

1

-

2

-

3

2

-

1

-

725401

Jeelani

Two atypical L-cysteine-regula ...

Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba histolytica HM1:IMSS cl 6

J. Biol. Chem.

285

26889-26899

2010

-

1

-

1

-

5

-

1

-

4

-

4

1

-

1

-

2

-

2

4

-

2

-

2

-

4

-

2

-

2

-

1

2

-

687801

Cottevieille

The subnanometer resolution st ...

Azospirillum brasilense

J. Biol. Chem.

283

8237-8249

2008

-

1

-

6

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

2

1

-

1

-

6

-

1

-

1

-

1

2

-

674303

Saum

Biochemical and molecular char ...

Halobacillus halophilus

J. Bacteriol.

188

6808-6815

2006

-

1

-

1

-

6

-

1

-

3

-

3

-

1

-

3

-

3

-

3

-

3

-

3

-

675329

Chung

Molecular cloning and characte ...

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium

J. Microbiol.

44

301-310

2006

-

1

-

1

-

8

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

654382

Agnelli

The unexpected structural role ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Arch. Biochem. Biophys.

436

355-366

2005

-

4

-

3

-

1

-

1

-

4

-

1

-

1

-

676331

Suzuki

Glutamate synthase: structural ...

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Methanocaldococcus jannaschii, Methanococcus thermoautotrophicum, no activity in Arabidopsis thaliana, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pyrococcus sp., Pyrococcus sp. KOD1, Rhizobium etli, Rhodospirillum rubrum, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium

Photosyn. Res.

83

191-217

2005

-

1

-

28

-

9

42

-

3

-

15

-

676332

Vanoni

Structure-function studies on ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Photosyn. Res.

83

219-238

2005

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

3

-

1

2

-

2

-

2

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

654888

Stutz

GltX from Clostridium saccharo ...

Clostridium saccharobutylicum, Clostridium saccharobutylicum NCP262

Biochim. Biophys. Acta

1676

71-82

2004

-

1

-

1

-

6

-

2

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

1

-

657306

Coiro

Molecular dynamics simulation ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Protein Sci.

13

2979-2991

2004

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

656149

Petoukhov

Quaternary structure of Azospi ...

Azospirillum brasilense

J. Biol. Chem.

278

29933-29939

2003

-

3

-

1

-

1

-

391469

Ravasio

Properties of the recombinant ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Biochemistry

41

8120-8133

2002

-

1

-

5

-

1

-

5

-

1

-

2

-

1

2

-

5

-

1

-

1

-

391468

Ravasio

Determination of the Midpoint ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Biochemistry

40

5533-5541

2001

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

3

-

3

-

1

-

1

-

391466

Morandi

Glutamate Synthase: Identifica ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Biochemistry

39

727-735

2000

-

1

-

1

-

3

1

-

7

-

1

-

1

-

2

5

-

1

2

-

1

-

3

5

1

-

1

-

1

-

391467

Stabile

Functional properties of recom ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Eur. J. Biochem.

267

2720-2730

2000

-

1

-

7

-

1

2

-

5

-

1

-

2

-

2

-

3

8

-

1

3

-

7

8

-

1

2

-

1

-

2

-

2

-

391465

Vanoni

The recombinant alpha subunit ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Biochemistry

37

1828-1838

1998

-

1

-

2

-

5

-

1

-

2

-

3

2

-

1

3

-

2

-

1

-

2

-

391464

Jongsareejit

Gene cloning, sequencing and e ...

Pyrococcus sp.

Mol. Gen. Genet.

254

635-642

1997

-

1

-

2

-

4

-

1

-

1

-

2

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

2

1

2

-

1

-

391463

Vanoni

Properties of the recombinant ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Eur. J. Biochem.

236

937-946

1996

-

1

-

1

6

-

1

-

5

-

1

-

2

-

7

-

3

4

-

1

3

-

1

4

6

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

7

-

391444

Vanoni

Characterization of the flavin ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Biochemistry

31

4613-4623

1992

-

1

-

3

-

1

-

3

-

3

-

1

-

1

-

391445

Vanoni

Mechanistic studies on Azospir ...

Azospirillum brasilense

Biochemistry

30

11478-11484

1991

-

2

-

2

-

1

-

2

-

2

4

-

2

-

2

4

2

-

2

-

391462

Carlberg

Purification and partial chara ...

Rhodospirillum rubrum

Biochem. J.

279

151-154

1991

-

5

3

-

1

3

1

-

3

-

1

-

1

-

3

1

-

3

-

3

-

5

-

3

-

1

3

1

-

1

-

1

-

3

1

-

391440

Mei

Purification and properties of ...

Amycolatopsis mediterranei

J. Bacteriol.

170

1940-1944

1988

-

2

14

3

-

1

3

-

2

1

-

1

-

1

2

1

-

1

-

4

-

4

-

2

-

14

-

3

-

1

3

-

1

-

1

-

1

2

1

-

1

-

391458

Hua

-

Biochemical properties of glut ...

Bradyrhizobium sp.

FEMS Microbiol. Lett.

37

209-213

1986

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

3

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

3

-

1

-

391459

Matsuoka

Glutamate synthase from Bacill ...

Bacillus subtilis

J. Biochem.

99

1087-1100

1986

-

9

12

-

1

3

-

3

-

1

-

2

1

-

3

-

4

-

4

-

9

-

12

-

1

3

-

1

-

2

1

-

3

-

391446

Ratti

Purification and characterizat ...

Azospirillum brasilense

J. Bacteriol.

163

724-729

1985

-

7

3

-

1

3

-

4

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

4

-

4

-

7

-

3

-

1

3

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

391460

Meister

Glutamate synthase from Escher ...

Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes

Methods Enzymol.

113

327-337

1985

-

2

4

-

2

-

5

-

1

-

4

1

6

1

-

3

-

4

-

4

-

2

-

4

-

2

-

1

-

4

1

6

1

-

3

-

391461

Rachim

-

Glutamine synthetase and gluta ...

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

Phytochemistry

24

2541-2548

1985

-

20

3

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

2

-

2

-

20

-

3

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

391447

Sung

-

Properties of glutamate syntha ...

Brevibacterium flavum

J. Ferment. Technol.

62

569-575

1984

-

2

19

3

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

3

-

1

-

3

14

-

3

-

2

-

19

14

3

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

3

-

1

-

391449

Schreier

Purification and properties of ...

Bacillus licheniformis

J. Bacteriol.

160

591-599

1984

-

15

1

-

1

3

-

3

-

1

-

1

-

2

1

-

2

-

3

1

-

3

-

15

1

-

1

3

-

1

-

1

-

2

1

-

2

-

391448

Tachiki

-

Purification and some properti ...

Gluconobacter oxydans

J. Ferment. Technol.

61

179-184

1983

-

3

19

3

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

2

-

1

-

1

9

-

1

-

3

-

19

9

3

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

2

-

1

-

391450

Suzuki

-

Glutamate synthase in rice roo ...

Oryza sativa

Phytochemistry

22

1543-1546

1983

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

391451

Schmidt

-

Partial purification and chara ...

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

J. Gen. Microbiol.

128

1713-1718

1982

-

4

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

2

-

4

2

4

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

391452

Yelton

-

Nitrogen metabolism in Rhodosp ...

Rhodospirillum rubrum

J. Gen. Microbiol.

123

335-342

1981

-

3

1

3

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

3

-

3

-

3

1

3

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

391441

Schmidt

Affinity purification of gluta ...

Escherichia coli

Anal. Biochem.

104

127-129

1980

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

391443

Janssen

The enzymes of the ammonia ass ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Arch. Microbiol.

124

197-203

1980

-

2

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

2

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

391453

Nisbet

-

Glutamate dehydrogenase and gl ...

Kluyveromyces marxianus

FEMS Microbiol. Lett.

7

319-321

1980

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

391442

Rendina

Glutamate synthase: on the kin ...

Escherichia coli

Biochemistry

17

5388-5393

1978

-

6

2

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

6

1

2

-

1

-

1

-

391454

Hemmilä

Purification and properties of ...

Bacillus megaterium

Biochem. J.

173

45-52

1978

1

-

1

4

-

3

-

4

-

1

-

1

-

2

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

4

-

3

-

1

-

1

-

2

1

-

678013

Hemmilä

Inactivation of glutamate dehy ...

Bacillus megaterium

Biochem. J.

173

53-58

1978

-

2

-

2

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

391455

Adachi

Purification and properties of ...

Thiobacillus thioparus

J. Bacteriol.

129

1173-1182

1977

-

3

19

3

-

3

-

3

-

1

-

2

1

4

1

-

3

-

1

-

3

-

3

-

3

-

19

-

3

-

3

-

1

-

2

1

4

1

-

3

-

1

-

391456

Mäntsälä

Properties of apoglutamate syn ...

Escherichia coli

J. Biol. Chem.

251

3300-3305

1976

-

5

2

-

3

-

5

-

3

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

5

1

2

-

5

-

3

-

2

-

391457

Mäntsälä

Glutamate synthase. Properties ...

Escherichia coli

J. Biol. Chem.

251

3294-3299

1976

-

8

-

4

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

8

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

391438

Miller

Glutamate synthase from Escher ...

Escherichia coli

J. Biol. Chem.

247

7407-7419

1972

-

5

38

3

-

1

3

-

2

-

1

-

1

2

3

1

-

1

2

-

4

-

4

-

5

-

38

-

3

-

1

3

-

1

-

1

2

3

1

-

1

2

-

391439

Tempest

Synthesis of glutamate in Aero ...

Klebsiella aerogenes

Biochem. J.

117

405-407

1970

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

Properties of the recombinant beta subunit of glutamate synthase

Data extracted from this reference: