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Literature summary for 1.5.1.21 extracted from

  • Hallen, A.; Cooper, A.J.
    Reciprocal control of thyroid binding and the pipecolate pathway in the brain (2017), Neurochem. Res., 42, 217-243 .
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 1.5.1.21

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
additional information the enzyme activity is potently inhibited by thyroid hormones Canis lupus familiaris
additional information the enzyme activity is potently inhibited by thyroid hormones Homo sapiens
additional information the enzyme activity is potently inhibited by thyroid hormones Mus musculus
additional information the enzyme activity is potently inhibited by thyroid hormones Ovis aries
additional information the enzyme activity is potently inhibited by thyroid hormones Rattus norvegicus
additional information the enzyme activity is potently inhibited by thyroid hormones Sus scrofa

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytosol
-
 Canis lupus familiaris 5829
-
cytosol
-
 Sus scrofa 5829
-
cytosol
-
 Ovis aries 5829
-
cytosol
-
 Mus musculus 5829
-
cytosol
-
 Homo sapiens 5829
-
cytosol
-
 Rattus norvegicus 5829
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADH + H+ Sus scrofa
-
 L-pipecolate + NAD+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADH + H+ Ovis aries
-
 L-pipecolate + NAD+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ Canis lupus familiaris
-
 L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ Sus scrofa
-
 L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ Ovis aries
-
 L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ Mus musculus
-
 L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ Homo sapiens
-
 L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ Rattus norvegicus
-
 L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-pyrrolidine 2-carboxylate + NADH + H+ Sus scrofa
-
 L-pipecolate + NAD+
-
 ?
DELTA1-pyrrolidine 2-carboxylate + NADH + H+ Ovis aries
-
 L-pipecolate + NAD+
-
 ?
DELTA1-pyrrolidine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ Sus scrofa
-
 L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
DELTA1-pyrrolidine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ Ovis aries
-
 L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
additional information Mus musculus the same enzyme catalyzes the reduction of both DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate and DELTA1-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate, but is unable to catalyze the reduction of DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate and DELTA1-piperideine-6-carboxylate, which may be regarded as double bond positional isomers of DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate and DELTA1-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate, respectively ?
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Canis lupus familiaris
-
-
-
Homo sapiens Q14894
-
-
Mus musculus O54983
-
-
Ovis aries W5PYW4
-
-
Rattus norvegicus Q9QYU4
-
-
Sus scrofa F1RPC8
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
astrocyte
-
 Canis lupus familiaris
-
astrocyte
-
 Sus scrofa
-
astrocyte
-
 Ovis aries
-
astrocyte
-
 Mus musculus
-
astrocyte
-
 Homo sapiens
-
astrocyte
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
brain
-
 Canis lupus familiaris
-
brain
-
 Sus scrofa
-
brain
-
 Ovis aries
-
brain
-
 Mus musculus
-
brain
-
 Homo sapiens
-
brain
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
kidney
-
 Sus scrofa
-
liver
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-
satellite cell
-
 Canis lupus familiaris
-
satellite cell
-
 Sus scrofa
-
satellite cell
-
 Ovis aries
-
satellite cell
-
 Mus musculus
-
satellite cell
-
 Homo sapiens
-
satellite cell
-
 Rattus norvegicus
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADH + H+
-
 Sus scrofa L-pipecolate + NAD+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADH + H+
-
 Ovis aries L-pipecolate + NAD+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Canis lupus familiaris L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Sus scrofa L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Ovis aries L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Mus musculus L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Homo sapiens L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Rattus norvegicus L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ the equilibrium position lies far toward formation of the six-membered ring structure L-pipecolate at neutral pH Canis lupus familiaris L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ the equilibrium position lies far toward formation of the six-membered ring structure L-pipecolate at neutral pH Sus scrofa L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ the equilibrium position lies far toward formation of the six-membered ring structure L-pipecolate at neutral pH Ovis aries L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ the equilibrium position lies far toward formation of the six-membered ring structure L-pipecolate at neutral pH Mus musculus L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ the equilibrium position lies far toward formation of the six-membered ring structure L-pipecolate at neutral pH Homo sapiens L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-piperideine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+ the equilibrium position lies far toward formation of the six-membered ring structure L-pipecolate at neutral pH Rattus norvegicus L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 r
DELTA1-pyrrolidine 2-carboxylate + NADH + H+
-
 Sus scrofa L-pipecolate + NAD+
-
 ?
DELTA1-pyrrolidine 2-carboxylate + NADH + H+
-
 Ovis aries L-pipecolate + NAD+
-
 ?
DELTA1-pyrrolidine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Sus scrofa L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
DELTA1-pyrrolidine 2-carboxylate + NADPH + H+
-
 Ovis aries L-pipecolate + NADP+
-
 ?
additional information the same enzyme catalyzes the reduction of both DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate and DELTA1-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate, but is unable to catalyze the reduction of DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate and DELTA1-piperideine-6-carboxylate, which may be regarded as double bond positional isomers of DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate and DELTA1-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylate, respectively Mus musculus ?
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
CRYM
-
 Canis lupus familiaris
CRYM
-
 Sus scrofa
CRYM
-
 Ovis aries
CRYM
-
 Mus musculus
CRYM
-
 Homo sapiens
CRYM
-
 Rattus norvegicus
ketimine reductase
-
 Canis lupus familiaris
ketimine reductase
-
 Sus scrofa
ketimine reductase
-
 Ovis aries
ketimine reductase
-
 Mus musculus
ketimine reductase
-
 Homo sapiens
ketimine reductase
-
 Rattus norvegicus
mu-crystallin
-
 Canis lupus familiaris
mu-crystallin
-
 Sus scrofa
mu-crystallin
-
 Ovis aries
mu-crystallin
-
 Mus musculus
mu-crystallin
-
 Homo sapiens
mu-crystallin
-
 Rattus norvegicus

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADH
-
 Sus scrofa
NADH
-
 Ovis aries
NADPH
-
 Canis lupus familiaris
NADPH
-
 Sus scrofa
NADPH
-
 Ovis aries
NADPH
-
 Mus musculus
NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens
NADPH
-
 Rattus norvegicus

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism the enzyme is important in the L-pipecolate pathway, overview. Besides the pipecolate pathway, the enzyme is also involved in L-ornithine/L-glutamate/L-proline metabolism as well as sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. There are two ways of lysine degradation, although the saccharopine pathway can be detected in the adult mouse brain, the pipecolate pathway greatly predominates in the adult mammalian brain. Pathway regulation, overview Mus musculus
metabolism the enzyme is important in the L-pipecolate pathway, overview. Besides the pipecolate pathway, the enzyme is also involved in L-ornithine/L-glutamate/L-proline metabolism as well as sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. There are two ways of lysine degradation, the saccharopine pathway and the pipecolate pathway, the latter dominates in the adult mammalian brain. Pathway regulation, overview Canis lupus familiaris
metabolism the enzyme is important in the L-pipecolate pathway, overview. Besides the pipecolate pathway, the enzyme is also involved in L-ornithine/L-glutamate/L-proline metabolism as well as sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. There are two ways of lysine degradation, the saccharopine pathway and the pipecolate pathway, the latter dominates in the adult mammalian brain. Pathway regulation, overview Sus scrofa
metabolism the enzyme is important in the L-pipecolate pathway, overview. Besides the pipecolate pathway, the enzyme is also involved in L-ornithine/L-glutamate/L-proline metabolism as well as sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. There are two ways of lysine degradation, the saccharopine pathway and the pipecolate pathway, the latter dominates in the adult mammalian brain. Pathway regulation, overview Ovis aries
metabolism the enzyme is important in the L-pipecolate pathway, overview. Besides the pipecolate pathway, the enzyme is also involved in L-ornithine/L-glutamate/L-proline metabolism as well as sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. There are two ways of lysine degradation, the saccharopine pathway and the pipecolate pathway, the latter dominates in the adult mammalian brain. Pathway regulation, overview Homo sapiens
metabolism the enzyme is important in the L-pipecolate pathway, overview. Besides the pipecolate pathway, the enzyme is also involved in L-ornithine/L-glutamate/L-proline metabolism as well as sulfur-containing amino acid metabolism. There are two ways of lysine degradation, the saccharopine pathway and the pipecolate pathway, the latter dominates in the adult mammalian brain. Pathway regulation, overview Rattus norvegicus
additional information enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (Pyr5C/P6C) are aldimine reductases, whereas enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (Pyr2C/P2C) are ketimine reductases Canis lupus familiaris
additional information enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (Pyr5C/P6C) are aldimine reductases, whereas enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (Pyr2C/P2C) are ketimine reductases Sus scrofa
additional information enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (Pyr5C/P6C) are aldimine reductases, whereas enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (Pyr2C/P2C) are ketimine reductases Ovis aries
additional information enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (Pyr5C/P6C) are aldimine reductases, whereas enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (Pyr2C/P2C) are ketimine reductases Mus musculus
additional information enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (Pyr5C/P6C) are aldimine reductases, whereas enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (Pyr2C/P2C) are ketimine reductases Homo sapiens
additional information enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-6-carboxylate (Pyr5C/P6C) are aldimine reductases, whereas enzymes that reduce DELTA1-pyrroline-2-carboxylate/DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (Pyr2C/P2C) are ketimine reductases Rattus norvegicus
physiological function CRYM has the ability to strongly bind thyroid hormones in an NADPH-dependent fashion. CRYM is also an enzyme, namely ketimine reductase, which catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of -C=N- (imine) double bonds of a number of cyclic ketimine substrates including sulfur-containing cyclic ketimines, the enzyme has a biological function in its degradative role as a DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C) reductase in the pipecolate pathway of lysine metabolism. The pipecolate pathway is the main L-lysine degradation pathway in the adult brain. Potent regulation of ketimine reductase activity by thyroid hormones Canis lupus familiaris
physiological function CRYM has the ability to strongly bind thyroid hormones in an NADPH-dependent fashion. CRYM is also an enzyme, namely ketimine reductase, which catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of -C=N- (imine) double bonds of a number of cyclic ketimine substrates including sulfur-containing cyclic ketimines, the enzyme has a biological function in its degradative role as a DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C) reductase in the pipecolate pathway of lysine metabolism. The pipecolate pathway is the main L-lysine degradation pathway in the adult brain. Potent regulation of ketimine reductase activity by thyroid hormones Sus scrofa
physiological function CRYM has the ability to strongly bind thyroid hormones in an NADPH-dependent fashion. CRYM is also an enzyme, namely ketimine reductase, which catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of -C=N- (imine) double bonds of a number of cyclic ketimine substrates including sulfur-containing cyclic ketimines, the enzyme has a biological function in its degradative role as a DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C) reductase in the pipecolate pathway of lysine metabolism. The pipecolate pathway is the main L-lysine degradation pathway in the adult brain. Potent regulation of ketimine reductase activity by thyroid hormones Ovis aries
physiological function CRYM has the ability to strongly bind thyroid hormones in an NADPH-dependent fashion. CRYM is also an enzyme, namely ketimine reductase, which catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of -C=N- (imine) double bonds of a number of cyclic ketimine substrates including sulfur-containing cyclic ketimines, the enzyme has a biological function in its degradative role as a DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C) reductase in the pipecolate pathway of lysine metabolism. The pipecolate pathway is the main L-lysine degradation pathway in the adult brain. Potent regulation of ketimine reductase activity by thyroid hormones Mus musculus
physiological function CRYM has the ability to strongly bind thyroid hormones in an NADPH-dependent fashion. CRYM is also an enzyme, namely ketimine reductase, which catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of -C=N- (imine) double bonds of a number of cyclic ketimine substrates including sulfur-containing cyclic ketimines, the enzyme has a biological function in its degradative role as a DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C) reductase in the pipecolate pathway of lysine metabolism. The pipecolate pathway is the main L-lysine degradation pathway in the adult brain. Potent regulation of ketimine reductase activity by thyroid hormones Homo sapiens
physiological function CRYM has the ability to strongly bind thyroid hormones in an NADPH-dependent fashion. CRYM is also an enzyme, namely ketimine reductase, which catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of -C=N- (imine) double bonds of a number of cyclic ketimine substrates including sulfur-containing cyclic ketimines, the enzyme has a biological function in its degradative role as a DELTA1-piperideine-2-carboxylate (P2C) reductase in the pipecolate pathway of lysine metabolism. The pipecolate pathway is the main L-lysine degradation pathway in the adult brain. Potent regulation of ketimine reductase activity by thyroid hormones Rattus norvegicus