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Literature summary for 1.5.3.17 extracted from
- Functional diversity inside the Arabidopsis polyamine oxidase gene family (2011), J. Exp. Bot., 62, 1155-1168.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| AtPAO2, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, intron/exon organization, sequence comparisons, expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli, expression of GFP-tagged AtPAO3 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58C1)-mediated floral dip transformation method | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtPAO3, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, intron/exon organization, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression as maltose-binding protein fusion protein in Escherichia coli, and expression of GFP-tagged AtPAO3 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58C1)-mediated floral dip transformation method resulting in increased putrescine levels after feeding of exogenous spermidine | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtPAO4, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, intron/exon organization, sequence comparisons, expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli, expression of GFP-tagged AtPAO3 in Arabidopsis thaliana plants using the Agrobacterium tumefaciens (strain C58C1)-mediated floral dip transformation method | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | homozygous lines of T-DNA insertional mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana SALK_121288 for the AtPAO3 gene | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| guazatine | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |  |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | - |
additional information | Michaelis-Menten kinetics | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.045 | - |
norspermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.047 | - |
spermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.05 | - |
thermospermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.139 | - |
spermidine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.233 | - |
N1-acetylspermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.27 | - |
spermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.274 | - |
spermidine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.409 | - |
spermidine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.58 | - |
spermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 2 | - |
N1-acetylspermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| peroxisome | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | 5777 | - |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | AtPAO4 is rapidly inactivated under high ionic strength conditions | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N1-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
putrescine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| N1-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | - |
putrescine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| N1-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
spermidine + N-acetyl-3-aminopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| N1-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | - |
spermidine + N-acetyl-3-aminopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| spermidine + O2 + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
putrescine + 3-aminobutanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| spermidine + O2 + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | - |
putrescine + 3-aminobutanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| spermine + O2 + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
spermidine + 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| spermine + O2 + H2O | Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | - |
spermidine + 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
- |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9LYT1 | gene AtPAO3 | - |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | Q9SKX5 | - |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | - |
- |
- |
| Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | Q9LYT1 | gene AtPAO3 | - |
| Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | Q9SKX5 | - |
- |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity chromatography | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| recombinant maltose-binding protein fusion enzyme from Escherichia coli by amylose affinity chromatography | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| seedling | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N1-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | putrescine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| N1-acetylspermidine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | putrescine + 3-acetamidopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| N1-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | spermidine + N-acetyl-3-aminopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| N1-acetylspermine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | spermidine + N-acetyl-3-aminopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| norspermine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
| norspermine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | ? | - |
? | |
| spermidine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | putrescine + 3-aminobutanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| spermidine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | putrescine + 3-aminobutanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| spermine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | spermidine + 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| spermine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0 | spermidine + 3-aminopropanal + H2O2 | - |
? | |
| thermospermine + O2 + H2O | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| AtPAO2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtPAO3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| AtPAO4 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Turnover Number [1/s]
| Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] | Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.014 | - |
N1-acetylspermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.02 | - |
N1-acetylspermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.1 | - |
spermidine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.1 | - |
thermospermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.4 | - |
thermospermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.45 | - |
norspermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.5 | - |
thermospermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 0.8 | - |
N1-acetylspermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 1.1 | - |
norspermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 1.7 | - |
spermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 2.9 | - |
norspermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 3.4 | - |
spermidine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO3 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 4.2 | - |
spermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 4.6 | - |
spermidine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
| 4.6 | - |
spermine | pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant AtPAO4 | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 | 8 | dependent on the substrate | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 7.5 | - |
- |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
| 7.5 | - |
assay at | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAD | dependent on | Arabidopsis thaliana | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | AtPAO2-AtPAO4 form a subfamily of polyamine oxxidases different from AtPAO1, EC 1.5.3.16, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| metabolism | the enzyme is involved in the polyamine back-conversion pathway, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
| physiological function | plant PAOs oxidize the carbon at the endo-side of the N4-nitrogen of Spd and Spm, producing 4-aminobutanal and N-(3-aminopropyl)-4-aminobutanal, respectively, in addition to 1,3-diaminopropane and H2O2, and are considered to be involved in terminal catabolism of polyamines, physiological role(s) of the polyamine catabolic pathways in plants, overview. All AtPAOs characterized are involved in a polyamine backconversion pathway | Arabidopsis thaliana |
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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