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Literature summary for 2.3.1.15 extracted from
- Characterization of a novel intestinal glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase pathway and its role in lipid homeostasis (2016), J. Biol. Chem., 291, 2602-2615 .
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene gpat3, real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis | Mus musculus |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | GPAT3 knockout (Gpat3-/-) mice are generated | Mus musculus |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| NEM | - |
Mus musculus |  |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| microsome | - |
Mus musculus | - |
- |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mg2+ | required | Mus musculus | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | Mus musculus | - |
CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mus musculus | Q8C0N2 | - |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adipose tissue | high expression level | Mus musculus | - |
| bone marrow | low expression level | Mus musculus | - |
| brain | low expression level | Mus musculus | - |
| enterocyte | GPAT3 colocalize with the PAT (perilipin) family protein TIP47 (PLIN3) to the apical surface of the enterocyte | Mus musculus | - |
| eye | low expression level | Mus musculus | - |
| heart | high expression level | Mus musculus | - |
| jejunum | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| kidney | moderate expression level | Mus musculus | - |
| liver | low expression level | Mus musculus | - |
| additional information | GPAT3 is predominantly expressed in the small intestine and adipose tissue, tissue distribution and expression pattern, overview | Mus musculus | - |
| skeletal muscle | low to moderate expression level | Mus musculus | - |
| small intestine | high expression level, GPAT3 expression analysis throughout the small intestine reveals that GPAT3 is abundantly expressed in the apical surface of enterocytes in the small intestine | Mus musculus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| acyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
Mus musculus | CoA + 1-acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
? | |
| oleoyl-CoA + sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
Mus musculus | CoA + 1-oleoyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase | - |
Mus musculus |
| GPAT3 | - |
Mus musculus |
Temperature Optimum [°C]
| Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7.5 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | gene disruption Gpat3-/- mutant mice exhibit attenuated plasma triglyceride excursion and accumulate lipid in the enterocytes, and a lack of lipids in the lamina propria and intercellular space in Gpat3-/- mice. Gpat3-/- enterocytes display a compensatory increase in the synthesis of phospholipid and cholesteryl ester. When fed a Western-type diet, hepatic triglyceride and cholesteryl ester accumulation is significantly higher in Gpat3-/- mice compared with the wild-type mice accompanied by elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, a marker of liver injury. Dysregulation of bile acid metabolism is also evident in Gpat3-null mice. Although wild-type mice show marked lipid staining in the lamina propria, Gpat3-/- mice exhibit a striking reduction in transitory lipids. Phenotype overview. Analysis of effects of GPAT3 deletion on intestinal lipid profile, gene expression, and gut nutrient sensing | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | GPAT3 is involved in intestinal lipid metabolism, role of the intestinal glycerol 3-phosphate pathway in dietary lipid absorption. During lipid absorption, enterocytes transiently store triglycerides in cytosolic lipid droplets before packaging and secretion in chylomicron particles, isozyme Gpat3 localizes in the proximity to lipid droplets | Mus musculus |
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