Any feedback?
Literature summary for 2.3.1.57 extracted from
- Duplication and diversification of the spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 genes in zebrafish (2013), PLoS ONE, 8, e54017.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| gene ssat1, sequence comparison, expression profile, and phylogenetic analysis of ssat-like genes, recombinant expression of N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21, recombinant expression in HEK-293T cells | Homo sapiens |
| genes ssat1a, ssat1b, and ssat1c, sequence comparisons, expression profiles and phylogenetic analysis of ssat-like genes, translational regulatory mechanism analysis, recombinant expression of N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21, recombinant expression of N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzymes in HEK-293T cells | Danio rerio |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | construction of a chimeric gene named ssat1a248b, as it contains nucleotides 1-248 of ssat1a and the remainder of ssat1b. Chimeric genes ssat1a332b, ssat1a374b, ssat1a453b, ssat1b248a, ssat1b332a, ssat1b389a, and ssat1b467a are also prepared in this manner | Danio rerio |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.055 | - |
spermine | isozyme ssat1a, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio |  |
| 0.09 | - |
spermidine | isozyme ssat1b, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
| 0.091 | - |
spermine | isozyme ssat1b, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
| 0.139 | - |
spermine | isozyme ssat1c, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
| 0.182 | - |
spermidine | isozyme ssat1a, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
| 0.232 | - |
spermidine | isozyme ssat1c, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 acetyl-CoA + 2 spermine | Homo sapiens | - |
3 CoA + N1-acetylspermine + N1,N12-diacetylspermine | - |
? | |
| 3 acetyl-CoA + 2 spermine | Danio rerio | - |
3 CoA + N1-acetylspermine + N1,N12-diacetylspermine | - |
? | |
| 3 acetyl-CoA + spermidine | Homo sapiens | - |
3 CoA + N1,N4,N8-triacetylspermidine | - |
? | |
| 3 acetyl-CoA + spermidine | Danio rerio | - |
3 CoA + N1,N4,N8-triacetylspermidine | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danio rerio | Q6GQM2 | Ssat1; three homologous ssat1 genes, named ssat1a, ssat1b, and ssat1c | - |
| Homo sapiens | P21673 | Ssat1 | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| recombinant N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21 by affinity chromatography | Homo sapiens |
| recombinant N-terminally GST- or His6-tagged enzymes from Escherichia coli strain BL21 by affinity chromatography | Danio rerio |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| brain | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| eye | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| fin | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| gill | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| gut | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| heart | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| kidney | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| liver | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| additional information | genes ssat1a, ssat1b, and ssat1c ares ubiquitously expressed in fish tissues st different levels, expression patterns, overview | Danio rerio | - |
| muscle | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| ovary | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| spleen | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| testis | - |
Danio rerio | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3 acetyl-CoA + 2 spermine | - |
Homo sapiens | 3 CoA + N1-acetylspermine + N1,N12-diacetylspermine | - |
? | |
| 3 acetyl-CoA + 2 spermine | - |
Danio rerio | 3 CoA + N1-acetylspermine + N1,N12-diacetylspermine | - |
? | |
| 3 acetyl-CoA + spermidine | - |
Homo sapiens | 3 CoA + N1,N4,N8-triacetylspermidine | - |
? | |
| 3 acetyl-CoA + spermidine | - |
Danio rerio | 3 CoA + N1,N4,N8-triacetylspermidine | - |
? | |
| additional information | human SSAT1 binds to the PAS-B (Per-ARNT-Sim) domain of HIF-1alpha, a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis in all metazoans, facilitating its degradation | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | polyamine-dependent protein synthesis is only found in isozymes Ssat1b and Ssat1c, not in Ssat1a. Also only Ssat1b and Ssat1c, but not the polyamine-insensitive Ssat1a, are able to interact with integrin alpha9 and Hif-1alpha. Substrate preferences of the isoenzymes are different. Ssat1b has similar Km values for spermidine and spermine, while Ssat1a has a smaller Km toward spermidine and Ssat1c has a smaller Km for spermine. Ssat1a and Ssatb have a better kcat/Km value for spermidine than that for spermine | Danio rerio | ? | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 | - |
Danio rerio |
| SSAT1 | - |
Homo sapiens |
| SSAT1 | - |
Danio rerio |
Cofactor
| Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| acetyl-CoA | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| acetyl-CoA | - |
Danio rerio | |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | phylogenetic analysis of ssat-like genes dividing the genes into 3 clusters, comparison of zebrafish and human gene sequences and regulation, overview | Homo sapiens |
| evolution | phylogenetic analysis of ssat-like genes dividing the genes into 3 clusters, comparison of zebrafish and human gene sequences and regulation, overview. Zebrafish ssat1 homologues are paralogous genes which experience subfunctionalization in their function and regulation | Danio rerio |
| metabolism | spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 is a key enzyme in the polyamine interconversion pathway, which maintains polyamine homeostasis | Homo sapiens |
| metabolism | spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1 is a key enzyme in the polyamine interconversion pathway, which maintains polyamine homeostasis | Danio rerio |
| physiological function | Ssat1b and Ssat1c might not only be a polyamine metabolic enzyme but also simultaneously respond to polyamine levels and engage in cross-talk with other signaling pathways. They interact with a mammalian specific integrin alpha9 and Hif-1alpha, a key regulator of oxygen homeostasis in all metazoans | Danio rerio |
| physiological function | the enzyme maintains polyamine homeostasis, mammalian Ssat1 is also involved in many physiological and pathological events such as hypoxia, cell migration, and carcinogenesis | Homo sapiens |
kcat/KM [mM/s]
| kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] | kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.5 | - |
spermidine | isozyme ssat1c, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
| 1.9 | - |
spermine | isozyme ssat1c, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
| 4.3 | - |
spermine | isozyme ssat1b, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
| 34.1 | - |
spermidine | isozyme ssat1b, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
| 62.4 | - |
spermine | isozyme ssat1a, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
| 122.2 | - |
spermidine | isozyme ssat1a, pH and temperature not specified in the publication | Danio rerio | |
Use of this online version of BRENDA is free under the CC BY 4.0 license. See terms of use for full details.
Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
Legal
Curated at
Member of
