BRENDA - Reference to 2.4.1.210; Id = 722071

food industry

Limonoid glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of bitter limonoid into non-bitter limonoid glucoside while retaining the health benefit of limonoids in the juice. The immobilization of this enzyme in a column can solve the juice bitterness problem

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide

modifies tryptophan residues

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

3-nitro-L-tyrosine ethylester

modifies tryptophan residues

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

citraconic anhydride

modifies lysine residues

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

diethyldicarbonate

modifies histidine residues and inactivates the enzyme, pseudo first order kinetics. When the histidine modification is reversed by hydroxylamine treatment, 79% of the activity is restored

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

additional information

inactivation of the enzyme following modification of carboxyl and imidazole moieties is a consequence of a loss in substrate binding and catalysis in the glucosyltransfer reaction. No inhibition by serine modifiying diisopropyl fluorophosphate and cysteine modifying 4-chloromercuribenzoate and iodoacetamide

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

N-bromosuccinimide

modifies tryptophan residues and inactivates the enzyme, loss of LGTase activity by NBS treatment is partially protected by pre-incubating the enzyme with excess limonin

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

0.065

-

limonin

pH 7.0-8.4, 25°C

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

UDP-glucose + limonin

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

-

glucosyl-limonin + UDP

-

?

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

-

UDP-glucose + limonin = glucosyl-limonin + UDP

catalytic reaction mechanism, overview

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

UDP-glucose + limonin

-

722071

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

glucosyl-limonin + UDP

-

?

LGTase

-

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

25

-

assay at

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

91.7

-

limonin

pH 7.0-8.4, 25°C

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

7.8

-

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

additional information

-

at an acidic pH the D-ring of the substrate that should be in an open form is closed and glycosylation does not occur. The decrease in activity at acidic pH also indicates that an essential residue participates in catalytic functioning while in the unprotonated state

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

5.5

9.5

activity range

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

food industry

Limonoid glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of bitter limonoid into non-bitter limonoid glucoside while retaining the health benefit of limonoids in the juice. The immobilization of this enzyme in a column can solve the juice bitterness problem

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide

modifies tryptophan residues

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

3-nitro-L-tyrosine ethylester

modifies tryptophan residues

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

citraconic anhydride

modifies lysine residues

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

diethyldicarbonate

modifies histidine residues and inactivates the enzyme, pseudo first order kinetics. When the histidine modification is reversed by hydroxylamine treatment, 79% of the activity is restored

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

additional information

inactivation of the enzyme following modification of carboxyl and imidazole moieties is a consequence of a loss in substrate binding and catalysis in the glucosyltransfer reaction. No inhibition by serine modifiying diisopropyl fluorophosphate and cysteine modifying 4-chloromercuribenzoate and iodoacetamide

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

N-bromosuccinimide

modifies tryptophan residues and inactivates the enzyme, loss of LGTase activity by NBS treatment is partially protected by pre-incubating the enzyme with excess limonin

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

0.065

-

limonin

pH 7.0-8.4, 25°C

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

UDP-glucose + limonin

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

-

glucosyl-limonin + UDP

-

?

UDP-glucose + limonin

-

722071

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

glucosyl-limonin + UDP

-

?

25

-

assay at

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

91.7

-

limonin

pH 7.0-8.4, 25°C

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

7.8

-

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

additional information

-

at an acidic pH the D-ring of the substrate that should be in an open form is closed and glycosylation does not occur. The decrease in activity at acidic pH also indicates that an essential residue participates in catalytic functioning while in the unprotonated state

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

5.5

9.5

activity range

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

additional information

limonoid glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of bitter limonoid into non-bitter limonoid glucoside while retaining the health benefit of limonoids in the juice

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

additional information

limonoid glucosyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of bitter limonoid into non-bitter limonoid glucoside while retaining the health benefit of limonoids in the juice

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

736296

Devaiah

Identification, recombinant ex ...

Citrus x paradisi

J. Agric. Food Chem.

64

1957-1969

2016

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

1

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1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

2

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

722071

Karim

-

Possible role of carboxyl and ...

Citrus maxima x Citrus paradisi

Chin. J. Catal.

31

1445-1451

2010

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1

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6

1

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1

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1

2

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1

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6

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

2

-

1

-

684923

Zaare-Nahandi

Delay expression of limonoid U ...

Citrus aurantium, Citrus limettioides, Citrus sinensis, Citrus unshiu, Citrus x paradisi

Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.

371

59-62

2008

-

5

-

11

-

6

-

5

-

10

-

5

-

6

-

5

-

658581

Kita

-

Allelic structures of UDP-gluc ...

Citrus sinensis, Citrus unshiu

Euphytica

132

87-94

2003

-

2

-

2

-

1

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5

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1

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658786

Karim

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Isolation and characterization ...

Citrus maxima, Citrus maxima Osbeck

Food Chem.

76

431-436

2002

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7

2

-

3

-

2

-

1

-

1

2

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1

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1

2

-

7

-

2

-

3

-

1

-

1

2

-

1

-

1

2

-

660114

Endo

-

Modification of limonoid metab ...

Citrus sinensis

Plant Biotechnol.

19

397-403

2002

-

1

-

1

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1

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1

-

1

-

660341

Karim

-

Preparation and properties of ...

Citrus maxima

Proc. Biochem.

38

809-814

2002

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1

-

1

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4

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

2

1

2

-

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1

-

1

-

4

-

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1

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2

1

2

-

3

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288691

Kita

Molecular cloning and characte ...

Citrus sinensis, Citrus unshiu

FEBS Lett.

469

173-178

2000

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2

1

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1

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1

4

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5

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1

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1

4

-

2

1

-

1

-

1

4

-

1

-

3

-

1

4

-

288690

Sim

-

Purification of limonoid gluco ...

Citrus aurantium, Citrus limonia, Citrus maxima, Citrus sinensis, Citrus unshiu, Fragaria vesca

Phytochemistry

46

33-37

1997

-

1

-

1

-

1

2

8

-

6

-

1

-

1

9

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

-

1

2

8

-

1

-

1

9

1

-

1

-

Possible role of carboxyl and imidazole groups in the catalysis of pummelo limonoid glucosyltransferase

Data extracted from this reference: