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Literature summary for 2.5.1.18 extracted from

  • Dixon, D.P.; Skipsey, M.; Edwards, R.
    Roles for glutathione transferases in plant secondary metabolism (2010), Phytochemistry, 71, 338-350.
    View publication on PubMed
Search for more literature for 2.5.1.18

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
correlation of expression of GST family members with alterations in the transcription of other genes, expression patterns, overview Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
chloroplast isozymes GSTF and GSTL Arabidopsis thaliana 9507
-
cytosol isozymes GSTF, GSTU, GSTZ, and GSTL Arabidopsis thaliana 5829
-
nucleus isozymes GSTU and GSTT Arabidopsis thaliana 5634
-
peroxisome isozyme GSTT Arabidopsis thaliana 5777
-
soluble all isozymes Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
12-oxo-phytodienoic acid + glutathione Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 10-S-glutathionyl-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid + H2O
-
 ?
harderoporphyrinogen + glutathione Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 harderoporphyrinogen-S-glutathione + H2O
-
 ?
additional information Arabidopsis thaliana glutathione conjugation reactions are often freely reversible, formation of unstable glutathionylated natural products in plants, the detection is difficult, overview ?
-
 ?
protoporphyrinogen + glutathione Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 protoporphyrinogen-S-glutathione + H2O
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
 isozyme Phi, i.e. GSTF, isozyme Tau, i.e. GSTU, isozyme Theta, i.e. GSTT, isozyme Zeta, i.e. GSTZ, and isozyme Lambda, i.e. GSTL, alll encoded by several genes, overview
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
12-oxo-phytodienoic acid + glutathione
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana 10-S-glutathionyl-12-oxo-phytodienoic acid + H2O
-
 ?
atrazine + glutathione
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana atrazine-S-glutathione + HCl
-
 ?
harderoporphyrinogen + glutathione
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana harderoporphyrinogen-S-glutathione + H2O
-
 ?
additional information glutathione conjugation reactions are often freely reversible, formation of unstable glutathionylated natural products in plants, the detection is difficult, overview Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
 ?
additional information GSTs selectively bind GSH Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
 ?
protoporphyrinogen + glutathione
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana protoporphyrinogen-S-glutathione + H2O
-
 ?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
glutathione S-transferase formerly Arabidopsis thaliana
GST
-
 Arabidopsis thaliana

Expression

Organism Comment Expression
Arabidopsis thaliana GSTs are selectively stress-inducible up

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution the enzyme belongs to the soluble plant GST superfamily of dimeric enzymes, isozymes classes, overview. Dehydroascorbate reductase and tetrachlorohydroquinone dehalogenase-like proteins also belong to the GST superfamily Arabidopsis thaliana
malfunction isozymes AtGSTs F11, F12, F14 and U14, in which the catalytic serine is replaced by a non-proton abstracting residue, show abolished transferase activity Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism GST reaction products as metabolic intermediates, e.g. delivering the sullfur in the compounds, possible role for glutathione and GSTs in sulfur incorporation, detailed overview Arabidopsis thaliana
additional information where GSTs are involved in conjugating acceptors with GSH, there is an absolute requirement for the conserved serine residue within the active site, as it promotes the formation of the thiolate anion of GSH. In some family members this serine is replaced with a cysteine, e.g. promoting disulfide exchange reactions in the GSTL Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function GSTs functioning in the transport of secondary metabolites, e.g. of the electrophilic oxylipins. Pi class GSTs have assumed such roles in modulating the activity of Jun NH2-terminal kinase through protein-protein interactions. Tau class protein AtGSTU20 is a binding partner of the far-red insensitive 219 protein, such that alterations in its expression give rise to an altered growth phenotype under continuous far-red light. AtGSTF12, in which the catalytic serine is replaced by a non-proton abstracting residue resulting in abolished transferase activity, is necessary for correct anthocyanin pigment formation in developing Arabidopsis seeds, although their function is not related to GSH conjugation. Sometimes, following GST action, S-glutathionylated xenobiotics are imported into the vacuole by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins. In the GST family members where the catalytic serine is replace with a cysteine, the GSTs show the ability to co-ordinately bind hydrophobic ligands in close proximity to the reactive thiol of GSH Arabidopsis thaliana